The document provides information about Hindu temples and specifically about the Lingaraja temple in Bhubaneswar, India. It discusses the symbolism and design principles of Hindu temples in general, which incorporate religious and cosmological elements. It then describes the specific architectural features of the Lingaraja temple, including its 60-meter tall tower, 150 smaller shrines in the courtyard, and the axial alignment of its bhogamandapa (hall of offerings), natamandira (festival hall), jagamohana (assembly hall), and rekha deula (sanctum). The temple exemplifies the Kalinga architectural style and is a prominent landmark in Bhubaneswar.

1. OM INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE AND
DESIGN
TOPIC :- HINDU TEMPLE
SUBMITTED TO : AR. RITU
SUBMITTED BY : GIRDHAR
ROLL NO. : 1610463001
BRANCH : B.ARCH. 4TH SEM

2.  A hindu temple is a symbolic house, seat and
body of god. It is a structure designed to
bring human beings and gods together, using
symbolism to express the ideas and beliefs of
Hinduism.
 The symbolism and structure of a hindu
temple are rooted in Vedic traditions,
deploying circles and squares.
 A temple incorporates all elements of hindu
cosmos—presenting the good, the evil and
the human, as well as the elements of hindu
sense of cyclic time and the essence of life—
symbolically presenting dharma, kama, artha,
moksha, and karma. In ancient Indian texts, a
temple is a place for Tirtha.
HINDU TEMPLE

3. The pilgrim( Tirtha ) is welcomed through 64-grid
or 81-grid mathematically structured spaces, a
network of art, pillars with carvings and statues
that display and celebrate the four important and
necessary principles of human life – the pursuit
of artha (prosperity, wealth), the pursuit of kama
(pleasure, sex), the pursuit of dharma (virtues,
ethical life) and the pursuit of moksha (release,
self-knowledge).
HINDU TEMPLE

4. A hindu temple design follows a geometrical design called
vastu-purusha-mandala. The name is a composite
sanskrit word with three of the most important
components of the plan.
 Mandala means circle,
 Purusha is universal essence at the core of hindu
tradition, while
 Vastu means the dwelling structure.
Vastupurushamandala is a yantra. The design lays out a
hindu temple in a symmetrical, self-repeating structure
derived from central beliefs, myths, cardinality and
mathematical principles
HINDU TEMPLE

5. PARTS OF TEMPLE

6. In the hindu temple the mandapa is a porch-like
structure through the (gopuram) (ornate
gateway) and leading to the temple. It is used
for religious dancing and music and is part of the
basic temple compound. The prayer hall was
generally built in front of the temple's sanctum
sanctorum (garbhagriha). A large temple would
have many mandapas.
If a temple has more than one mandapa, each
one is allocated for a different function and
given a name to reflect its use. For example, a
mandapa dedicated to divine marriage is
referred to as a kalyana mandapa.
MANDAPA

7. Garbhagriha (sanskrit: गर्भगृह) is the sanctum
sanctorum, the innermost sanctum of a hindu
temple where resides the murti (idol or icon) of
the primary deity of the temple. Literally the word
means "womb chamber", from the sanskrit words
garbha for womb and griha for house. Generally
in Hinduism only 'priests' (pujari) are allowed to
enter this chamber. Although the term is often
associated with hindu temples, it is also found in
Jain and Buddhist temples.
GARBHAGRIHA

8. An amalaka, is a segmented or notched stone disk,
usually with ridges on the rim, that sits on the top
of a hindu temple's shikhara or main tower.
According to one interpretation, the amalaka
represents a lotus, and thus the symbolic seat for
the deity below. Another interpretation is that it
symbolizes the sun, and is thus the gateway to the
heavenly world.
AMALAKA

9. Lingaraja temple is a hindu temple dedicated to
Shiva and is one of the oldest temples in
Bhubaneswar. The temple is the most prominent
landmark of Bhubaneswar city and one of the
major tourist attractions of the state.
The temple represents the quintessence of the
Kalinga architecture and culminating the
medieval stages of the architectural tradition at
Bhubaneswar.
LINGARAJA TEMPLE

10. It is enshrined within a spacious compound wall of
laterite measuring 520 ft.. (160 m) by 465 ft.. (142
m). The wall is 7.5 ft.. (2.3 m) thick and
surmounted by a plain slant coping. Alongside the
inner face of the boundary wall, there is a terrace
to protect the compound wall against outside
aggression. The tower is 45.11 m (148.0 ft..) High
and the complex has 150 smaller shrines in its
spacious courtyard. Each inch of the 55 m (180
ft..) Tall tower is sculpted. The door in the gate of
the entrance porch is made of sandalwood.
LINGARAJA TEMPLE

11. The Lingaraja temple faces east and is built of sandstone and
laterite. The main entrance is located in the east, while there
are small entrances in the north and south. The temple is built
in the deula style that has four components namely, Vimana
(structure containing the sanctum), jagamohana (assembly
hall), natamandira (festival hall) and bhoga-mandapa (hall of
offerings), with all four in axial alignment with descending
height. The dance hall was associated with the raising
prominence of the devadasi system that existed during the
time. The various units from the hall of offering to the tower of
the sanctum increase in height.
LINGARAJA TEMPLE

12. PLAN OF LINGARAJ TEMPLE
BHOGA MANDAPA NATA MANDAPA JAGAMOHANA VIMANA OR REKHA DEULA

13. The bhogamandapa (hall of offering)
measures 42 ft.. (13 m)*42 ft.. (13 m)
from the inside, 56.25 ft.. (17.15
m)*56.25 ft.. (17.15 m) from the
outside and has four doors in each of
the sides. The exterior walls of the hall
has decorative sculptures of men and
beast. The hall has a pyramidal roof
made of up several horizontal layers
arranged in sets of two with intervening
platform. It bears an inverted bell and a
kalasa in the top
BHOGAMANDAPA

14. The natamandira (festival hall) measures 38
ft. (12 m)*38 ft. (12 m) from the inside, 50 ft.
(15 m)*50 ft.. (15 m) from the outside, has
one main entrance and two side entrances.
The side walls of the hall has decorative
sculptures displaying women and couples. It
has a flat roof sloping in stages. There are
thick pylons inside the hall
NATAMANDIRA

15. The jagamohana (assembly hall) measures
35 ft. (11 m)*30 ft. (9.1 m) from the inside,
55 ft. (17 m)*50 ft. (15 m) from the outside,
entrances from south and north and has a
30 metres (98 ft.) tall roof. The hall has a
pyramidal roof made of up several
horizontal layers arranged in sets of two
with intervening platform as in the hall of
offering. The facade to the entrances are
decorated with perforated windows with
lion sitting on hind legs. The inverted bell
above second unit is adorned by kalasa and
lions.
JAGAMOHANA

16. The rekha deula has a 60 m (200 ft.) tall pyramidal
tower over the sanctum and measures 22 ft. (6.7
m)*22 ft. (6.7 m) from the inside, 52 ft. (16 m)*52
ft. (16 m) from the outside over the sanctum. It is
covered with decorative design and seated lion
projecting from the walls. The sanctum is square
in shape from the inside. The tower walls are
sculpted with female figures in different poses.
REKHA DEULA

17. LINGARAJA TEMPLE

18. LINGARAJA TEMPLE