1. What is Gum Disease?
Yelena Paliyeva
Ginny Loeb
Sarah Boe

2. Two Types
• Gingivitis
– gums only
• Periodontal disease
– gums, teeth, and bone

3. Healthy Gums
Healthy gums are pink – not red or swollen
Do NOT bleed!

4. Question 1
What is plaque?

5. Plaque
• Pale yellow layer
• Bacteria build up
• Major cause of gum disease

6. Question 2
What do you think is the biggest
reason people have gum disease?

7. Gingivitis
• Swollen gums
• Gums are often red
• Can heal and become healthy again
– Disease could go away
• Can get worse if not addressed

8. Why Gingivitis?
• If not removed plaque hardens into
tartar (calculus)
• Tartar under the gums can irritate the gums

9. Question 3
Has anyone ever had bleeding
gums when you brush or floss?

10. Question 4
Do you think it is normal to have
bleeding gums?

11. Bleeding gums are NOT normal
• Gums are bleeding because of bacteria in
plaque and tartar
• Sign of disease
• Bacteria can lead to a more severe disease
that causes permanent damage to tissues
around teeth
– Leads to periodontal disease

12. Periodontal disease
• Disease of gums, teeth, and bone
• Bone can not heal
• Permanent damage
– Gums lower, teeth look longer
– Bone loss
– Teeth lose connection to bone
– Tooth loss

13. Periodontal disease
Gum loss, bad breath, bleeding gums, loose
teeth, new gaps between teeth

14. Progression of Disease

15. Healthy Bone

16. Bone Loss

18. Habits
Heredity -General attitude
-Immune deficiency toward health
-Genetic syndromes -Smoking
Diseases in the -Alcohol Negative Stress
body -Diet
-Diabetes -Medications
Psychological
Factors
Viruses
-bad effect on
immune system
Bacteria
Can be changed Social Factors
by: Periodontal -Family
-Up-bringing
-keeping the
mouth clean
disease -Job/Profession
-Culture
-Diet

19. Main Factors
• Smoking
• Oral care – at home and dental visits
• Stress
• Overall health
• Heredity
• Immune response

20. How much bacteria in a cubic mm
of plaque???

21. 100,000,000
100
million
bacteria
in a
cubic
mm of
plaque

22. Question 5
What do you think could help you
from getting diseases in your
mouth?

23. Prevention
• Good daily brushing and flossing
– Brush at least 2 times a day
• after breakfast & bedtime
– Floss at least 1 time a day
• bedtime
• Regular dental visits
– Important
– Areas where only professionals can reach
• Areas especially involved in periodontal disease
• Toothbrush does not reach past 3mm from gumline

24. Remove Plaque

26. Periodontal treatment
• Gingivitis:
– Use mouth rinses and toothpastes that kill
bacteria that cause gingivitis
• Periodontal disease:
– Deep cleaning of tooth root surfaces below gums
– Prescription medication
– Oral surgery
• $$$ costs lots of money!

27. Overview
• Gingivitis:
– Inflammation of the gums, redness, bleeding &
infection
– Could progress to periodontal disease
– Can go back to healthy state if treated
• Periodontal disease:
– Disease of tissue surrounding teeth
– Can not go back to a healthy state
– but could be made stable with treatment
– Many risk factors
– #1 = smoking
– Number one cause of tooth loss!!!

28. Thank You for Listening!
BTC Dental Hygiene Clinic
360-752-8349
Call for a free screening if you think you have a
lot of tarter build-up!