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360 degree-feedback
1.
360 Degree FeedbackCopyright
© 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
2.
Objective • Explain What
is 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the History of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Uses of 360 Degree Feedback • List the Advantages 360 Degree Feedback • List the Disadvantages of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe What is an Effective 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Components of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Process of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the Problems of 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Sources of Errors in Performance Appraisals • Explain the Development Options after Feedback • Explain What is 720 Degree Feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
3.
Introduction Look at a
dialog between two colleagues of an organization after the performance appraisals are over. David Kyle I think our supervisor is biased against me. Why do you think that? David Kyle I have performed very well throughout the year, yet he has not given me the correct rating. He rated me as ‘satisfactory’. DavidKyle I wish the rating was done by many people who know me and my work, apart from our supervisor. Yes, he does tend to under- rate people he doesn’t like. DavidKyle I did but I am not satisfied with his explanation. So, didn’t you discuss with him in the feedback interview? Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
4.
Introduction Look at a
dialog between two colleagues of an organization after the performance appraisals are over. David Kyle I think our supervisor is biased against me. Why do you think that? David Kyle I have performed very well throughout the year, yet he has not given me the correct rating. He rated me as ‘satisfactory’. DavidKyle I wish the rating was done by many people who know me and my work, apart from our supervisor. Yes, he does tend to under- rate people he doesn’t like. DavidKyle I did but I am not satisfied with his explanation. So, didn’t you discuss with him in the feedback interview? Such problems may arise in many organizations where the performance appraisals are done by single individuals like the supervisor. To overcome such problems, a system known as the 360 degree feedback is used. Let us learn about performance appraisals, the feedback process and 360 degree feedback in detail. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
5.
What is Performance
Appraisal? Performance Appraisal (PA) is the process that is used to evaluate the personality, performance and potential of the employees of an organization. It is a process of evaluating and communicating to an employee how he or she is performing the job and establishing a plan for improvement. Hence, it is a system of review and evaluation of job performance to assess accomplishments and to evolve plans for development. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
6.
What is Performance
Appraisal? Performance appraisal means evaluating an employee’s current and/or past performance relative to his or her performance standards. According to Newstrom, “It is the process of evaluating the performance of employees, sharing that information with them and searching for ways to improve their performance’’. It is the step where the management finds out how effective it has been at hiring and placing employees. It is recommended that in addition to an annual formal performance appraisal, informal performance appraisals should be conducted two or three times a year. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
7.
Objective of Performance
Management • To review the performance of the employees over a given period of time • To judge the gap between the actual and the desired performance • To help the management in exercising organizational control • Helps to strengthen the relationship and communication between superior – subordinates and management – employees • To diagnose the strengths and weaknesses of the individuals so as to identify the training and development needs of the futureCopyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
8.
Objective of Performance
Management • To provide feedback to the employees regarding their past performance • Provide information to assist in the other personal decisions in the organization • Provide clarity of the expectations and responsibilities of the functions to be performed by the employees • To reduce the grievances of the employees • To judge the effectiveness of the other human resource functions of the organization such as recruitment, selection, training and development Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
9.
Performance Management Process Anticipate
& Consider • Problems in Performance Appraisal • Effective Performance Appraisal System Management Support • Coaching • Training and Development Plan the Performance • Identify & Communicate Performance Goals • Establish Performance Criteria Determine • Appraisal Period and Methods • Responsibilities for Appraisal Examine Work Performed Appraise the Results Conduct Appraisal Interview • Discuss Goals for next Period Setting & Communicating Performance Standards Measuring Standards Comparing Standards Discussing Results Taking Corrective Standards Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
10.
Key Components of
Performance Appraisal Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
11.
Key Performance Indicators Some
of the Key Performance Indicators that can be used to measure performance are: • Employee Productivity o Average sales turnover per employee o Average profit per employee o Value added per employee • Employee Cost o Employment costs as % of sales turnover / profit o Employment costs per employee o Employment costs as % of operating costs • Employee Turnover/Loyalty o % of employees that leave the organization in a given time period o Average length of service Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
12.
Key Performance Indicators Some
of the Key Performance Indicators that can be used to measure performance are: • Recruitment Process o Average lead time to recruit employees o Average cost of recruiting off employees o Average number of applications received per vacancy • Remuneration and Benefit Benchmark o Average salary paid vs. competition / industry and geographical norms o Benefits provided vs. competition / industry and geographical norms • Willingness of Employees to Recommend the Company as an Employer o % of employees who are willing to recommend the organization as an employer to a friend o % of applicants / appointees that have received recommendations from current employeesCopyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
13.
Key Performance Indicators Some
of the Key Performance Indicators that can be used to measure performance are: • Employee Development o % of employees that develop Individual Development Plan o % of employees that fully execute their Individual Development Plan • Employee Career Coaching o % of employees that participate in career coaching program o % of employees that have been assessed in Assessment Center • Skills/Competencies Availability o Average lead time to develop skills/competencies that are required o Average lead time to close skills/competencies gaps o % of required skills/competencies available within the organizationCopyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
14.
Key Performance Indicators Some
of the Key Performance Indicators that can be used to measure performance are: • Training Budget o Expenditure on training and staff development per employee in a given period • Employee Satisfaction with Training Program o % of training course participants that are satisfied / highly satisfied with the course or program o % of training course participants that are dissatisfied / highly dissatisfied with the course or program • Impact of Training o % difference in the rate of productivity before and after training o % difference in the defects rate before and after training o proportion of training programmers resulting in productivity improvementsCopyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
15.
Key Performance Indicators •
Employee Satisfaction o Employee Satisfaction Survey Index • Employee Motivation o % of employees that are committed to the organizational goals and objectives o % of employees that are considered to be 'highly motivated' • Availability of Training Courses o % of training courses that match organizational requirements o % of training courses that match employee's personal requirements o Average number of courses requested, but not offered • Internal Promotion Opportunities o Average lead time to promotion o Average lead time for promotion from bottom grade to senior management o % of managers / senior managers who have been promoted internally Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
16.
Performance Appraisal Methods There
are many formats or methods that are used to measure whether the performance criteria is met or not. Some of the methods used for performance appraisal are as follows: Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
17.
Objective • Explain What
is 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the History of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Uses of 360 Degree Feedback • List the Advantages 360 Degree Feedback • List the Disadvantages of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe What is an Effective 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Components of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Process of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the Problems of 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Sources of Errors in Performance Appraisals • Explain the Development Options after Feedback • Explain What is 720 Degree Feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
18.
What is 360
Degree Feedback? 360-degree feedback is an appraisal or assessment process used to improve managerial effectiveness by providing the manager with a more complete assessment of the employee’s effectiveness, his performance and development needs. 360 degree feedback is also known as Multi-rater feedback, Multi-source feedback, Full-circle appraisal or Group performance review. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
19.
Objective • Explain What
is 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the History of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Uses of 360 Degree Feedback • List the Advantages 360 Degree Feedback • List the Disadvantages of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe What is an Effective 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Components of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Process of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the Problems of 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Sources of Errors in Performance Appraisals • Explain the Development Options after Feedback • Explain What is 720 Degree Feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
20.
History of 360
Degree Feedback Contemporary 360-degree methods have roots as early as the 1940s. However, the exact details of the start of the technique are not very clear. Most scholars agree that 360-degree performance appraisal has historical roots within a military context. During the 1950s and 1960s, the multi-rater trend continued in the United States within the Military service academies. At the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, the midshipmen used a multi-source process called “peer grease” to evaluate the leadership skills of their classmates. During the 1960s and 1970s, in the corporate world, organizations like Bank of America, United Airlines, Bell Labs, Disney, Federal Express, Nestle, and RCA experimented with multi-source feedback in a variety of measurement situations. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
21.
The feedback tends to
be more balanced and is also harder to dismiss due to its' broader range of inputs’. It is more powerful, reliable and accurate as compared to traditional, single source feedback processes. 360 degree feedback system provides performance data from multiple points of reference. Overview of 360 Degree Feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
22.
The 360 degree feedback
system helps team members work more effectively together. It helps to reduce opportunity for the halo or horn affect. It is not just a feedback from the supervisor and hence provides well rounded feedback. Overview of 360 Degree Feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
23.
360° feedback answers three
basic questions: • Why should I improve my performance? • What do I need to improve? • How can I improve? It is a great way to understand organizational needs and helps identify developmental needs. Overview of 360 Degree Feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
24.
Definition of 360
Degree Feedback 360 Degree Feedback system is defined as: The systematic collection and feedback of performance data on an individual or a group, derived from a number of the stakeholders in their performance. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
25.
Multi-Rater Assessment or
360 Degree Feedback This method employs a multi-source feedback method which provides a comprehensive perspective of employee performance by utilizing feedback from the full circle of people with whom the employee interacts: supervisors, subordinates and co-workers. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
26.
Multi-Rater Assessment or
360 Degree Feedback • • The managers, peers, customers, suppliers, or colleagues are asked to complete questionnaires on the employee being assessed. The person or employee being assessed is also required to complete a questionnaire. The HR department provides results to the employee. The results help the employee to understand how his or her opinion differs from those of the group doing the assessment. • Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
27.
Multi-Rater Assessment or
360 Degree Feedback Disadvantages Some of the disadvantages of this method are as follows: • The questionnaires are generally lengthy. • The amount of paperwork involved is extremely large due to the involvement of multiple people in the appraisal process of a single individual. Advantage Some of the advantages of this method are as follows: • It is effective for career coaching. • It helps to identify the employees’ strengths and weaknesses. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
28.
Who Should Do
the Appraising? Therefore, it is essential that the appraisal may be done by some other person or people. However, relying solely on supervisor’s ratings is not always advisable. This is due to the fact that an immediate supervisor may be biased for or against the employee. Generally, the supervisor or the reporting manager is the best person to observe and evaluate subordinate’s performance and is also responsible for that person’s performance. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
29.
Who Should Do
the Appraising? A few of the suitable people who can carry out the appraisals are as follows: 360- Degree Feedback Immediate supervisor Peers Rating committees Self-ratings Subordinates All of the above listed people should carry out the appraisal. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
30.
Objective • Explain What
is 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the History of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Uses of 360 Degree Feedback • List the Advantages 360 Degree Feedback • List the Disadvantages of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe What is an Effective 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Components of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Process of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the Problems of 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Sources of Errors in Performance Appraisals • Explain the Development Options after Feedback • Explain What is 720 Degree Feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
31.
Uses of 360
Degree Feedback There are several uses of the 360 degree feedback system, such as for: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
32.
Uses of 360
Degree Feedback 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Self-development and individual counseling There are several uses of the 360 degree feedback system, such as for: Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
33.
Uses of 360
Degree Feedback There are several uses of the 360 degree feedback system, such as for: Self-development and individual counseling 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Part of ‘organized’ training and development Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
34.
Uses of 360
Degree Feedback There are several uses of the 360 degree feedback system, such as for: Self-development and individual counseling Part of ‘organized’ training and development 7 6 5 4 3 2 Team building Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
35.
Uses of 360
Degree Feedback There are several uses of the 360 degree feedback system, such as for: Self-development and individual counseling Part of ‘organized’ training and development Team building 8 7 6 5 4 3 Performance management Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
36.
Uses of 360
Degree Feedback There are several uses of the 360 degree feedback system, such as for: Self-development and individual counseling Part of ‘organized’ training and development Team building Performance management 7 6 5 4 Strategic or organization development Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
37.
Uses of 360
Degree Feedback There are several uses of the 360 degree feedback system, such as for: Self-development and individual counseling Part of ‘organized’ training and development Team building Performance management Strategic or organization development 7 6 5 Validation of training and other initiatives Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
38.
Uses of 360
Degree Feedback There are several uses of the 360 degree feedback system, such as for: Self-development and individual counseling Part of ‘organized’ training and development Team building Performance management Strategic or organization development Validation of training and other initiatives 7 6 Remuneration decisionsCopyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
39.
What Does 360
̊ Feedback Measure? 360 degree measures behaviors and competencies. 360 degree addresses skills such as listening, planning, and goal-setting. 360 degree focuses on subjective areas such as teamwork, character, and leadership effectiveness. 360 degree provides feedback on how others perceive an employee. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
40.
Objective • Explain What
is 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the History of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Uses of 360 Degree Feedback • List the Advantages 360 Degree Feedback • List the Disadvantages of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe What is an Effective 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Components of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Process of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the Problems of 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Sources of Errors in Performance Appraisals • Explain the Development Options after Feedback • Explain What is 720 Degree Feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
41.
Advantages for Employee The
following are the advantages of using 360 degree feedback system from the employee’s perspective: It serves as a method of collecting information from as many sources in an employee’s environment. •• It is an honest assessment as viewed by a variety of constituents. •• It provides confidential input from many people of how an employee fares in his job. •• It helps employees in seeing themselves as others see them. •• It provides information which neither employee nor his/her superior may be aware of.Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
42.
Advantages for Employee The
following are the advantages of using 360 degree feedback system from the employee’s perspective: Employees find this method to be fair. •• It gives an indication of performance enhancing or distracting work situation. •• It allows to improve the system, thereby creating greater harmony and overall improvement. •• It helps employees to identify his strengths and address skill gaps. •• It leads to continuous learning, growing self confidence and improved productivity. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
43.
Advantages for Supervisor •
It provides accurate assessment • It eliminates accusations of favoritism • It provides greater objectivity • It provides a richer understanding of performance • It promotes open communication around performance • It reinforces organizational values • It is easy to implement The following are the advantages of using 360 degree feedback system from the supervisor’s perspective: Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
44.
Advantages for Organization The
following are the advantages of using 360 degree feedback system from the organization’s perspective: Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
45.
Objective • Explain What
is 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the History of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Uses of 360 Degree Feedback • List the Advantages 360 Degree Feedback • List the Disadvantages of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe What is an Effective 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Components of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Process of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the Problems of 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Sources of Errors in Performance Appraisals • Explain the Development Options after Feedback • Explain What is 720 Degree Feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
46.
Disadvantages of 360
Degree Feedback Ineffective assessment items Lack of alignment with the organization's vision, mission and strategy Lack of senior-level support Lack of communication Fear/lack of trust The following are the disadvantages of using 360 degree feedback system: Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
47.
Disadvantages of 360
Degree Feedback Poor planning Inappropriate delivery of feedback No development plan No accountability No follow-up The following are the disadvantages of using 360 degree feedback system: Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
48.
Traditional Feedback vs.
360 Degree Feedback Traditional Feedback ME Supervisor ME 360 Degree Feedback Others Me Supervisor Internal Customers Co-workers External Customers Direct Reportees Skip - Level Reportees Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
49.
Considerations before Implementing It
is important that the organization should have a positive response towards all the considerations listed below. There are various considerations that a company should take into account before deciding to implement the 360 degree feedback system in its organization. If the organization is not completely sure, then it may not be ready for 360-degree evaluations. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
50.
Considerations before Implementing Some
of considerations are: Is the organization committed to continuous learning? Does the organization see the value of developing leaders in- house? Is the organization willing to make the changes necessary to do this? Is upper level management willing to lead the way and volunteer for 360-degree evaluation? What is the level of trust in the organization? Will the organization culture support honest feedback? Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
51.
How to Implement
360 Degree Feedback? Planning Piloting Implementation Feedback Review 360 Degree Feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
52.
Critical Factors in
360 Degree Feedback The following are a few critical factors that need to be taken care of for an effective 360 degree feedback process: Employees must be involved early. Resources must be dedicated to the process. Organization, especially top management, must be committed to the program. Mission and the objective of the feedback must be clear. Appraisers must be thoroughly trained to carry out the process. Confidentiality must be assured. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
53.
Why 360 Degree
Appraisal Programs Fail? The 360 degree feedback performance rating system is not a validated or corroborated technique for Performance appraisal. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
54.
Why 360 Degree
Appraisal Programs Fail? With the increase in the number of raters from one to commonly five, it becomes difficult to separate, calculate and eliminate personal biasness and differences. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
55.
Why 360 Degree
Appraisal Programs Fail? It is often time consuming and difficult to analyze the information gathered. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
56.
Why 360 Degree
Appraisal Programs Fail? Employees can manipulate the results towards their desired ratings with the help of the raters. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
57.
Why 360 Degree
Appraisal Programs Fail? The 360 degree appraisal mechanism can have an adverse effect on the motivation and the performance of the employees. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
58.
Why 360 Degree
Appraisal Programs Fail? The 360 degree feedback would fail if it does not get the dedicated commitment of top management and the HR, resources (time, financial resources etc), planned implementation and follow up. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
59.
Why 360 Degree
Appraisal Programs Fail? 360 degree feedback can be adversely affected by the customer’s perception of the organization and their incomplete knowledge about the process and the clarity of the process. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
60.
Why 360 Degree
Appraisal Programs Fail? Often, the process suffers because of the lack of knowledge on the part of the participants or the raters. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
61.
Objective • Explain What
is 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the History of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Uses of 360 Degree Feedback • List the Advantages 360 Degree Feedback • List the Disadvantages of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe What is an Effective 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Components of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Process of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the Problems of 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Sources of Errors in Performance Appraisals • Explain the Development Options after Feedback • Explain What is 720 Degree Feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
62.
Effective 360 Degree
Feedback Appraisal There are various components that help to make up an effective appraisal system. The Components of an effective performance management process are as follows: Role clarification: The employee as well as the organization should be clear about the role and responsibilities of each individual in the organization. Goal alignment: The goals set for each employee should be in direct alignment to the company’s strategic goals and company’s vision and mission. Developmental goal setting: The goals set for each employee should not only look at the present needs of the individual’s career and the organization’s goals, they should also be developmental. Such developmental goals will help the individual to grow in his career and also simultaneously benefit the company as well. Ongoing performance monitoring: Each individual’s performance should be continuously monitored at regular intervals by holding performance appraisals at least once or twice before the annual appraisals. Such appraisals help to get a fair idea about the progress that the individual is making. Ongoing feedback: Continuous performance monitoring helps the organization to provide ongoing feedback about the individual’s performance and help improve the performance and bring it line with the individual’s goals. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
63.
Effective 360 Degree
Feedback Appraisal Coaching and support: Any kind of gaps found in the individual’s job-related knowledge or performance can be filled by providing coaching and support in the form of trainings. Rewards, recognition, and compensation: Employees should be appropriately rewarded, recognised and compensated for efforts put in by them in the growth of the company. Standardization: The entire performance management process should be standardized to maintain consistency between the appraisals from one time to the other. Standardization helps to bring the appraisals carried out across different period to come at par and allows for comparison between them. Continuous open communication: An open communication should be encouraged between the employees and the management with respect to the appraisal process as well as any other concerns or suggestion that the employees may have. Trained appraisers: The appraisers should be diligently trained in the performance appraisal process to help them overcome the errors caused in appraisals. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
64.
Effective 360 Degree
Feedback Appraisal Mutual trust and confidence: There should be an air of mutual trust and confidence between the employees and the management which will ensure that both understand that each one is working for the other’s benefit and in other’s favour. Reliability: The design of the appraisal process should be such that it should give reliable results that help the management to make the correct decisions.Post appraisal interview: There should be a post appraisal interview conducted to gather feedback from the employees about the appraisal process as a whole as well as discuss the individual’s appraisal related concerns and queries. Review and appeals: There should be clearly laid out protocol to accommodate any kind of individual appeals to the appraisals conducted and review the ratings given. Specific objectives: Each individual’s performance should be measured against specific laid out objectives which are clear and not vague. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
65.
Effective 360 Degree
Feedback Appraisal Documentation: The entire performance appraisal should be stringently documented at various stages including the review, feedback comments, employee comments etc. Quality of the rating form: An important aspect of performance appraisal that helps to make it effective is the quality of the rating form. The sections of the rating form should be targeted towards rating the individual on various specific areas and parameters. Accuracy of the ratings: Each performance management system should aim to gather accurate information about the performance of the employees by ensuring that the individual’s performance is accurately rated. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
66.
Objective • Explain What
is 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the History of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Uses of 360 Degree Feedback • List the Advantages 360 Degree Feedback • List the Disadvantages of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe What is an Effective 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Components of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Process of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the Problems of 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Sources of Errors in Performance Appraisals • Explain the Development Options after Feedback • Explain What is 720 Degree Feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
67.
Components of 360
Degree Feedback There are four integral components of 360 degree feedback appraisal. They are: Let’s look at each in detail. Superior’s appraisal Subordinate’s appraisal Peer appraisal Self appraisal Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
68.
Components of 360
Degree Feedback Self Appraisal Self appraisal gives a chance to the employee to look at his/her strengths and weaknesses, his achievements, and judge his own performance. Superior’s appraisal Subordinate’s appraisal Peer appraisal Self appraisalSelf appraisal Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
69.
Components of 360
Degree Feedback Superior’s Appraisal Superior’s appraisal forms the traditional part of the 360 degree performance appraisal where the employees’ responsibilities and actual performance is rated by the superior. Superior’s appraisal Subordinate’s appraisal Peer appraisal Self appraisal Superior’s appraisal Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
70.
Components of 360
Degree Feedback Subordinate’s Appraisal Subordinate’s appraisal gives a chance to judge the employee on the parameters like communication and motivating abilities, superior’s ability to delegate the work, leadership qualities etc. Superior’s appraisal Subordinate’s appraisal Peer appraisal Self appraisal Subordinate’s appraisal Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
71.
Components of 360
Degree Feedback Peer Appraisal Peers are also known as internal customers. Peer appraisal is very helpful as the correct feedback given by peers can help to find employees’ abilities to work in a team, co-operation and sensitivity towards others. Superior’s appraisal Subordinate’s appraisal Peer appraisal Self appraisal Peer appraisal Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
72.
Objective • Explain What
is 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the History of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Uses of 360 Degree Feedback • List the Advantages 360 Degree Feedback • List the Disadvantages of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe What is an Effective 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Components of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Process of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the Problems of 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Sources of Errors in Performance Appraisals • Explain the Development Options after Feedback • Explain What is 720 Degree Feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
73.
Process Communication / Kickoff Meeting(s) Implementation Planning
& Design Feedback Consultation Process Report Questionnaire Distribution / Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
74.
Process Development Planning Implementation & Follow-up Follow-up discussion with
respondents Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
75.
Tools of 360
Degree Feedback The various tools that are used to gather information and interpret the results in a 360 degree feedback system are as follows: Evaluations Reports Coaching Follow Up Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
76.
Measurement Parameters 360 degree
feedback system appraises the employee and evaluates the employee on various measurement parameters such as: Communication Skills Emotional Intelligence Personal Effectiveness Creative / Innovative Thinking Leadership Qualities Managing of Teams Presenting Information Self Development Influencing Others Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
77.
Measurement Parameters 360 degree
feedback system appraises the employee and evaluates the employee on various measurement parameters such as: Personal Brand Commercial Awareness Coaching and Developing Others Building Relationships Strategic Thinking Developing the Organization Managing Performance Managing and Leading Change Business Skills Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
78.
How is Feedback
Obtained? So, how is the feedback from the multi-raters obtained for a particular employee’s performance? A questionnaire is used to aid in collecting the feedback from the multi-raters. The questionnaire asks participants to rate the individual according to observed behaviors - usually managerial or business-specific competencies. The process of obtaining feedback is usually more company specific. A questionnaire may not be suitable for all companies. A company should assess how well it would fit with the current culture before launching a feedback collecting plan. It is helpful to first test the system with a pilot scheme before adopting the system in the company. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
79.
Sample Questionnaire Look at
a sample questionnaire given below. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
80.
Feedback Questions There are
various questions and areas that may be used to judge the performance of the employee and to rate him. A few of the common discussion questions that may be discussed with the employee are as follows: Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
81.
Feedback Questions What do
you like and dislike about working for this organization? What elements of your job do you find most difficult? Has the past year been good/bad/satisf actory or otherwise for you, and why? What do you consider to be your most important achievements of the past year? What do you consider to be your most important tasks in the next year? What elements of your job interest you the most, and least? What kind of work or job would you like to be doing in one/two/five years time? What action could be taken to improve your performance in your current position by you, and your boss? What sort of training/experien ce would benefit you in the next year? Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
82.
Administering the Questionnaire Open-Ended Questions DistributionLikert
Scale Collection Let’s look at each in detail. There are several types of elements that are used in the questionnaire or survey for collecting feedback, distribution of the questionnaire and collecting back the questionnaire in a 360 degree feedback. Some of the aspects linked to the questionnaire are as follows: Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
83.
Administering the Questionnaire Likert
Scale: A Likert Scale is generally used in the questionnaire or survey. This is done on a 1-5 odd level with each number receiving a specific label. Such as • 1=very dissatisfied, • 2=dissatisfied, • 3=neither dissatisfied nor satisfied, • 4=satisfied, • 5=very satisfied. This allows for readable results and also as little bias as possible. Likert Scale Open-Ended Questions Open-Ended Questions: Open Ended Questions are also a large portion of the survey. Some surveys have a few, some have zero, but it is advised to keep it to a minimum so that there is a better response rate. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
84.
Administering the Questionnaire Distribution: Distributed
of the questionnaire is done either through company intranet/internet, by paper, email, or part of other business mailings. Collection: The collection back of the questionnaire is typically done through an HR department or a person trained in reading survey results. An important factor here is having a trained rater, especially so if the surveys are not going directly to the person surveyed. Raters should be trained on how to avoid common rater error, especially in open ended questions. Distribution Collection Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
85.
Performance Evaluation Ratings •
If the employee is assessed as Does Not Meet Expectations or Needs Improvement for a performance expectation or significant Competency, the supervisor should implement a Work Improvement Plan. • The Work Improvement Plan is an explicit action plan designed to correct performance deficiencies within a specified time period. • Let’s look at each in detail. • Performance evaluation ratings reflect the decision by your appraiser’s pertaining to the results you produced over the review period. • Appraiser’s will rate each performance expectation/goal and Competency using anchors listed below: Outstanding Exceeds Expectations Meets Expectations Needs Improvement DoesNot Meet Expectations Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
86.
Performance Evaluation Ratings Outstanding Outstanding: It
is the highest possible performance rating given to an employee who consistently exceeds expectations on all evaluation factors. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
87.
Performance Evaluation Ratings Outstanding Exceeds
Expectations: This performance rating is given to employees who exhibit high overall performance, routinely go beyond what is expected in order to substantially surpass all of their key performance expectations/goals and will have met or exceeded expectations on the Competencies. Exceeds Expectations Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
88.
Performance Evaluation Ratings Exceeds Expectations Meets
Expectations: This rating is given to employees who: 1. are fully successful in meeting all of the performance expectations/goals that are important to his or her job and 2. have demonstrated a satisfactory competence in the Competencies. Meets Expectations Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
89.
Performance Evaluation Ratings Meets Expectations Needs
Improvement: This rating is given to employees who sometimes perform at an acceptable level but are not consistent and need improvement to meet expectations. Needs Improvement Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
90.
Performance Evaluation Ratings Needs Improvement Does
Not Meet Expectations: This rating is given to employees who fail to achieve any one or more key performance expectations/goals or cannot demonstrate proficiency in the Competencies needed for the job. DoesNot Meet Expectations Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
91.
The Appraisers The various
appraisers that are involved in 360 degree feedback are: • Superiors • Self • Peers • Subordinates • Customers Let us look at the role and responsibilities of each appraiser in detail.Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
92.
• Superiors The Appraisers AboutContribution
Precautions The direct supervisor is often in the best position to effectively carry out the full cycle of performance management. The supervisor also has the broadest perspective on the work requirements and be able to take into account shifts in those requirements. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
93.
The Appraisers AboutContribution Precautions •
Superiors should be able to observe and measure all facets of the work to make a fair evaluation. • Supervisors should be well trained. • Superiors should be capable of coaching and developing employees. • Superiors should also be capable of planning and evaluating employee’s performance. • Superiors Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
94.
• Self The Appraisers AboutContribution
Precautions Self-ratings are particularly useful if the entire cycle of performance management involves the employee in a self-assessment. A key factor of self-assessment is the developmental needs of the employee. Most employees feel that self-ratings contribute “to a great or very great extent” to fair and well-rounded Performance Appraisal. Self-appraisals are particularly valuable in situations where the supervisor cannot readily observe the work behaviors and task outcomes. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
95.
The Appraisers AboutContribution Precautions •
It has been found in researches that there is a low correlation between self- ratings and all other sources of ratings, particularly supervisor ratings. The self- ratings tend to be consistently higher. This discrepancy can lead to defensiveness and alienation if supervisors do not use good feedback skills. • Sometimes self-ratings can be lower than others’. In such situations, employees tend to be self-demeaning and may feel intimidated and “put on the spot.” • Self-ratings should focus on the appraisal of performance elements, not on the summary level determination. A range of rating sources, including the self assessments, helps to “round out” the information for the summary rating. • Self Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
96.
The Appraisers • Peers AboutContribution
Precautions It has been found that Peer ratings have been excellent predictors of future performance and “manner of performance”. In a multi-rater setting, peer ratings help to average out the possible biases of any one member of the group of raters. In modern-day corporate, there is a growing trend of self-directed teams where the supervisor is not directly involved in the day-to-day activities of the team. Hence, the contribution of peer evaluations becomes the central input for the formal appraisal. The addition of peer feedback can help move the supervisor into a coaching role rather than a purely judging role. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
97.
The Appraisers • Peers AboutContribution
Precautions • Peer evaluations are appropriate for developmental purposes, but to emphasize them for pay, promotion, or job retention purposes may not be prudent always. • It is important that the identities of the raters should be kept confidential to assure honest feedback. • It is essential that the peer evaluators be very familiar with the team member’s tasks and responsibilities. • The use of peer evaluations can be very time consuming. When used in Performance Appraisals, the data would have to be collected several times a year in order to include the results in progress reviews. • Depending on the culture of the organization, peer ratings have the potential for creating tension and breakdown rather than fostering cooperation and support. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
98.
• Subordinates The Appraisers AboutContribution
Precautions Subordinate feedback helps to give supervisors a more comprehensive picture of employee issues and needs. It also helps the employees to have a greater voice in organizational decision- making. The feedback from subordinates is particularly effective in evaluating the supervisor’s interpersonal skills. However, it may not be very appropriate for evaluating task-oriented skills. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
99.
The Appraisers AboutContribution Precautions •
It is important to keep the identity of the subordinates confidential to ensure honest feedback. • Supervisors may feel threatened and perceive that their authority has been undermined when they must take into consideration that their subordinates will be formally evaluating them. • It is important to ensure that subordinates are appraising elements of which they have knowledge. • Only subordinates with a sufficient length of assignment under the manager should be included in the pool of assessors. • Subordinates Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
100.
• Customers The Appraisers AboutContribution
Precautions Customer feedback should serve as an “anchor” for almost all other performance factors. Including a range of customers in Performance Appraisal program expands the focus of performance feedback in a manner considered absolutely critical to reinventing the organization. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
101.
The Appraisers AboutContribution Precautions •
Generally the value of customer service feedback is appropriate for evaluating team output. • Customers, by definition, are better at evaluating outputs as opposed to processes and working relationships. • It is a time-consuming process. • Customers Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
102.
Appraisal/Feedback Interview • Appraisal
or Feedback Interviews are an essential part of any performance appraisal process. • It is at this stage that the manager and the subordinate review the appraisal and make plans to correct any deficiencies, reinforce strengths and improve performance. • In order to prepare for the interview, it is essential that the subordinate is given at least a week’s notice to review his or her work, to read over his or her job description, analyze problems, and compile questions and comments. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
103.
Appraisal/Feedback Interview Depending upon
the type of appraisal of the employee, there are three types of appraisal interview scenario that can arise such as: Performance is satisfactory; employee is promotable Performance is satisfactory; employee is not promotable Performance is unsatisfactory, but correctable Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
104.
Appraisal/Feedback Interview There are
a few key points that a manager or appraiser should keep in mind for conducting an appraisal Interview, such as: He should encourage the employee to talk as well. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
105.
Appraisal/Feedback Interview There are
certain cases, where an employee may be highly resentful of their appraisal results. This would amount to such an employee being highly defensive during the appraisal interview. The following are a few things that an appraiser should keep in mind while handling a defensive employee: • He should recognize that defensive behaviour is normal. • He should never attack a person’s defences. • He should understand the need to postpone action. • He should empathize and understand human limitations. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
106.
Giving Feedback Feedback is
a type of communication that we give or get. It is a critical assessment or suggestions made for improvement. Feedback is a crucial in communication as it helps to have honest relationships. Giving feedback helps to let people know how effective they are in what they are trying to accomplish. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
107.
Types of Feedback •
Indirect: Issues are not addressed directly and the feedback is vague. • General: The feedback aims at broad issues which cannot be easily defined. • Insensitive: Such feedback has little concern for the needs of the other person. • Attacking: Aggressive and focusing on the weaknesses of the other person. • Disrespectful: The feedback is disrespectful and almost insulting. • Poor timing: The feedback is not given at an optimum time. • Impulsive: The feedback is given thoughtlessly, with little regard for the consequences. • Judgmental: The feedback is prejudiced and judges personality rather than behavior. • Selfish: The feedback meets the giver's needs, rather than the needs of the other person. There are positive and negative approaches to giving feedback such as follows: Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
108.
Types of Feedback •
Supportive: The feedback is delivered in a non-threatening and encouraging manner. • Helpful: The feedback is meant to be of value to the other person. • Descriptive: The feedback focuses on behavior that can be changed, rather than personality. • Sensitive: The feedback takes into consideration the other person and is sensitive to the needs of the other person. • Considerate: The feedback is intended to not insult or demean. • Direct: The feedback is focussed and clearly stated. • Healthy timing: The feedback is given at an opportune time. • Thoughtful: The feedback is well thought out rather than impulsive. • Specific: The feedback is focused on specific behaviors or events. There are positive and negative approaches to giving feedback such as follows: Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
109.
Getting Feedback • Getting feedback from
other people is as important as giving feedback. Some people accept feedback because they believe they can grow from it. Getting feedback helps us to learn about our ability, to communicate by verifying messages and determining if the objectives of communication are being met. •• Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
110.
How to be
Open to Feedback? • • • Be open to feedback: Be open and welcome peoples’ feedback/questi ons. Be aware of nonverbal communication: Make sure your nonverbal communication encourages feedback. Ask questions: Ask questions to get additional specific feedback. Paraphrase: Paraphrase the speaker to convey that you have listened and understood the speaker. • Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
111.
Objective • Explain What
is 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the History of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Uses of 360 Degree Feedback • List the Advantages 360 Degree Feedback • List the Disadvantages of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe What is an Effective 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Components of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Process of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the Problems of 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Sources of Errors in Performance Appraisals • Explain the Development Options after Feedback • Explain What is 720 Degree Feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
112.
Problems of 360
Degree Feedback Appraisal 1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8 Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
113.
Objective • Explain What
is 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the History of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Uses of 360 Degree Feedback • List the Advantages 360 Degree Feedback • List the Disadvantages of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe What is an Effective 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Components of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Process of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the Problems of 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Sources of Errors in Performance Appraisals • Explain the Development Options after Feedback • Explain What is 720 Degree Feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
114.
Sources of Errors
in Performance Appraisals 360 degree feedback system uses multi-raters to rate an employee’s performance. Hence, it greatly reduces the errors that occur in performance appraisals if the rating would have given by only one appraiser. There are different ways in which the rating given by the appraiser to the employee may be prone to error. Such false ratings and various other errors may adversely affect the data collected during performance appraisals. Some of the most frequent causes of errors are as follows: • Unclear Standards • Halo Effect • Personal preferences, prejudices, and biases • Discrimination • First Impressions • Central Tendency • Leniency/Strictness • Recency Effect • Actor-observer bias • Stereotyping Let’s look at each in detail Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
115.
Sources of Errors
in Performance Appraisals First Impressions Central Tendency Discrimination Personal preferences, prejudices, & biases Halo Effect Unclear Standards If the goals and standards set are not clear to the appraiser, then the appraisal may get affected. This occurs when an appraiser allows a single prominent characteristic of an employee to influence his or her judgment on each separate item in the performance appraisal. It results in employee receiving approximately same rating on every item. An appraiser’s personal preferences, prejudices, and biases can also cause errors in performance appraisals. Managers with biases or prejudices tend to look for employee behaviours that conform to their biases. Employee’s appearance, social status, dress, race, and sex can also influence an appraiser’s objective performance appraisal. Appraiser may allow first impressions to influence later judgments of an employee. People tend to retain these impressions even when faced with contradictory evidence. Tendency of an appraiser to rate most employees’ performance near the middle of the performance scale. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
116.
Sources of Errors
in Performance Appraisals First Impressions Central Tendency Discrimination Personal preferences, prejudices, & biases Halo Effect Unclear Standards Recency Effect Leniency/ Strictness Actor- observer bias Stereotyping Leniency occurs when an appraiser’s ratings are grouped at the positive end instead of being spread throughout the performance scale. This is when the appraiser is lenient in his ratings. Strictness on the other hand will group the ratings towards the lower end of the scale instead of being spread throughout the performance scale. Tendency of an appraiser to evaluate employees on work performed most recently, usually one or two months prior to evaluation. This occurs due to the fundamental attribution error. Actor “blames” environment for failures and credits self for successes. Observer does the opposite. The appraiser may have certain stereotype mind set about certain people and may rate and judge the person based on such stereotypes. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
117.
Information/Results Obtained There are
several areas about which information is gathered from using the 360 degree feedback system for appraising an employee. Some such areas are as shown in the image given below. A. Development Areas B. Strengths C. Discrepancies D. Hidden Strengths Expected Results Unexpected ResultsCopyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
118.
Behavior and Results The
following matrix shows the relationship between the behavior of employees and the results obtained. • Poor job fit? • New to job? • Lacks technical skills? The Keepers • What are you doing to retain them? • How much longer can you carry them? • Development? • Why is this group so hard to deal with? Behavior(how) Results (what)Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
119.
Objective • Explain What
is 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the History of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Uses of 360 Degree Feedback • List the Advantages 360 Degree Feedback • List the Disadvantages of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe What is an Effective 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Components of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Process of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the Problems of 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Sources of Errors in Performance Appraisals • Explain the Development Options after Feedback • Explain What is 720 Degree Feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
120.
Development Options The following
matrix shows the various development options that can be used for developing and improving the employee’s performance. • Courses • Education • Distance Learning • Individual & Team Assignment • Teaching Other • Networking • Style Assessments Training Informal Experience Formal • Coaching • 360° Feedback • Mentoring • Job Enrichment • Job Rotation • Job Transfer Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
121.
Feedback Input and
Report Outputs Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
122.
Challenges of 360
Degree Feedback Implementing the 360 degree feedback process successfully and making full use of its advantages in an organization is a great challenge in itself. Some of the challenges of implementing and using a 360 degree feedback process successfully are as follows: The process may not be successful when there is workplace overload It should not be used in lieu of performance management1 The 360 degree feedback should be connected to organizational or leadership strategy Lack of sufficient information Supervisors should not feel that the 360 degree feedback is being forced upon them The process may not be successful when there is unethical behavior in the organization It is a challenge to avoid the feedback being requested of skeptical employees The process may not be successful when it is simply implemented as fad without systemic support It is important that respondents should know how to provide constructive feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
123.
Strategies for Success
in 360 Degree Feedback Explain what it is, what it does, how it’s used, and its' benefits to all concerned, continually Disconnect it from any compensation decisions (raises, bonuses, etc.) - make it developmental Provide information on its purpose and process to assessors Conduct structured feedback workshops for feedback recipients Appraisers and employees should know the instrument they are using thoroughly Don't force it on people Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
124.
Strategies for Success
in 360 Degree Feedback Align the 360 degree process with the organization's culture, procedures, and practices. Provide seamless coordination and support for distributing and collecting the assessment instruments Spend time with those people having difficulty with their feedback Support and reinforce the 360 degree process. Train the appraisers in how to facilitate a 360° process Emphasize confidentiality Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
125.
On Line 360
Degree Feedback There are various organizations that have started using online 360 degree feedback systems. Such an online system allows all the appraisers to complete their appraisals and give feedback on an online portal. Such online systems help to do away with a lot of paper work and are also much quicker and hassle-free.Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
126.
On Line 360
Degree Feedback System Requirements User Requirements Giving feedback Competency framework and questionnaire Receiving feedback Administering the process Reports Generation Capability Security Line managers Some of the considerations that have to be kept in mind to build-in an online 360 degree feedback system in the organization are as follows: Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
127.
Objective • Explain What
is 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the History of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Uses of 360 Degree Feedback • List the Advantages 360 Degree Feedback • List the Disadvantages of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe What is an Effective 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Components of 360 Degree Feedback • Explain the Process of 360 Degree Feedback • Describe the Problems of 360 Degree Feedback Appraisal • Describe the Sources of Errors in Performance Appraisals • Explain the Development Options after Feedback • Explain What is 720 Degree Feedback Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
128.
What is 720
Degree Feedback? There are two view points for 720 degree appraisal based on the following: Let us look at each view point in detail. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
129.
What is 720
Degree Feedback? • In traditional 360 degree feedback, the raters include: o Superior o Peers – immediate & functional colleagues o Subordinates/Direct reporters o Internal customers • In a 540 degree appraisal we add more external customers and suppliers. Whereas, in a 720 degree would we also take the feedback from external sources such as stakeholders, family, suppliers, communities. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
130.
What is 720
Degree Feedback? 720 degree feedback is performing a feedback after the main 360 degree appraisal. 720 degree as the name suggests is 360 degree twice - doing the appraisal once, where the performance of the employee is analyzed and having a good feedback mechanism where the boss gives the employee feedback and tips on achieving the targets set for the employee. Too often, employees complain that they never receive feedback until the next performance appraisal. They say that by then it is too late. 720 degree appraisal seeks to address these concerns by giving the employees feedback on their performance and help to attain the goals set for them. Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
131.
Case Study Globus Inc.
has been facing a lot of issues in its performance appraisals where the employees are not happy with the ratings given by the supervisors. The employees feel that they are being under- rated and are demotivated. 1. How can implementing 360 degree feedback help Globus tackle this situation? 2. What are the factors that Globus need to consider before implementing a 360 degree feedback system? Copyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
132.
Summary In this module
you learnt that: 360 Degree Feedback system is defined as the systematic collection and feedback of performance data on an individual or a group, derived from a number of the stakeholders in their performance. 360-degree feedback is an appraisal or assessment process used to improve managerial effectiveness by providing the manager with a more complete assessment of the employee’s effectiveness, his performance and development needs. 360 degree feedback is also known as Multi-rater feedback, Multi-source feedback, Full-circle appraisal or Group performance review. The four integral components of 360 degree feedback appraisal are: • Self appraisal • Superior’s appraisal • Subordinate’s appraisal • Peer appraisalCopyright © 2008 - 2012 managementstudyguide.com. All rights reserved.
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