Quality management

1. QUALITY PHILOSOPHY Lesson 3

2. DEMING PHILOSOPHY
By adopting appropriate principles of management, organizations can
increase quality and simultaneously reduce costs (by reducing waste,
rework, staff attrition and litigation while increasing customer
loyalty). The key is to practice continual improvement and think of
manufacturing as a system, not as bits and pieces

3. JURAN PHILOSOPHY
1. Quality Planning,
2. Quality Control
3. and Quality Improvement.

4. QUALITY PLANNING
he quality planning phase is the activity of developing products and
processes to meet customers’ needs. involves building an awareness of the
need to improve, setting goals and planning for ways goals can be reached.
This begins with management’s commitment to planned change. It also
requires a highly trained and qualified staff. It deals with setting goals and
establishing the means required to reach the goals. Below are the steps in
the quality planning process:
Establish quality goals
Identify the customers: those who will be impacted by the efforts to meet the
goals
Determine the customer’s needs
Develop processes that can produce the product to satisfy customers’ needs
and meet quality goals under operating conditions.
Establish process controls, and transfer the resulting plans to the operating
forces

5. QUALITY CONTROL
This process deals with the execution of plans and it includes
monitoring operations so as to detect differences between actual
performance and goals. means to develop ways to test products and
services for quality. Any deviation from the standard will require
changes and improvements. It is outlined with three steps:
Evaluate actual quality performance
Compare actual performance to quality goals
Act on the difference

6. QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
It is a continuous pursuit toward perfection. Management analyses
processes and systems and reports back with praise and recognition
when things are done right This is the process is for obtaining
breakthrough in quality performance, and it consists of several steps:
Establish the infrastructure needed to secure annual quality
improvement
Identify the specific needs for improvement- the improvement
projects
Establish project teams with clear responsibility for bringing the
project to a successful conclusion
Provide the resources, motivation, and training needed by the teams
to- diagnose the cause, stimulate establishment of remedies, and

7. THE CROSBY PHILOSOPHY
Doing It Right the First Time, was his answer to the quality crisis. He
defined quality as full and perfect conformance to the customers'
requirements. The essence of his philosophy is expressed in what he
called the Absolutes of Quality Management and the Basic Elements
of Improvement.

8. THE ABSOLUTES OF QUALITY
MANAGEMENT
Crosby defined Four Absolutes of Quality Management, which are
The First Absolute: The definition of quality is conformance to
requirements
The Next Absolute: The system of quality is prevention
The Third Absolute: The performance standard is zero defects
The Final Absolute: The measurement of quality is the price of non-
conformance

9. ZERO DEFECTS
Crosby's Zero Defects is a performance method and standard that
states that people should commit themselves to closely monitoring
details and avoid errors. By doing this, they move closer to the zero
defects goal. According to Crosby, zero defects was not just a
manufacturing principle, but was an all-pervading philosophy that
ought to influence every decision that we make. Managerial notions
of defects being unacceptable and everyone doing ‘things right the
first time’ are reinforced.

10. ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING
TECHNIQUES
Acceptance sampling is a form of inspection that is applied to lots or
batches of items either before or after a process.
The lots represent incoming purchased items or final products
awaiting shipment to warehouses or customers.
PURPOSE
The purpose of acceptance sampling is to decide whether a lot
satisfies predetermined standards (specifications) for important
characteristics of the item

11. ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING
uses statistical sampling to determine whether to accept or reject a
production lot of material. It has been a common quality control
technique used in industry. It is usually done as products leaves the
factory, or in some cases even within the factory

12. SINGLE-SAMPLING PLANS
A sampling plan in which a decision about the acceptance or rejection
of a lot is based on a single sample that has been inspected is known
as asingle sampling plan.
A single sampling plan requires the specification of two quantities
which are known as parametersof the single sampling plan. These
parameters are
n–size of the sample, and
c–acceptance number for the sample.

13. DOUBLE-SAMPLING PLANS
Double and multiple sampling plans were invented to give a
questionable lot another chance. For example, if in double sampling
the results of the first sample are not conclusive with regard to
accepting or rejecting, a second sample is taken.

14. MULTIPLE SAMPLING PLAN
Multiple sampling is an extension of double sampling. It involves
inspection of 1 to successive samples as required to reach an
ultimate decision. Mil-Std 105D suggests is a good number. Multiple
sampling plans are usually presented in tabular form. Procedure for
multiple sampling.