For absent Students

5. 1. Commercial/Business Interests
U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

6. 1. Commercial/Business Interests
Labor, resourcesand raw
materials…

8. 2. Military/Strategic Interests
Alfred T. Mahan  The Influence of Sea
Power on History: 1660-1783

9. 3. Social Darwinist Thinking
“The White Man’s Burden”
The Hierarchy of Race
It is the White Man’s duty, obligation, to
civilize the people of the world.

10. 4. Religious/Missionary Interests
American
Missionaries
in China, 1905

11. 5. Closing the American Frontier

12. Mr. Dole would serve as president of the
provisional government of Hawaii and
depose Queen Lili’uokalani

13. Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
Hawaii for the
Hawaiians!
The Hawaiians attempt to reject America and remain
independent. Their efforts fail miserably.

14. U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii
1893 – American
businessmen backed an
uprising against Queen
Liliuokalani.
Sanford Ballard Dole
proclaims the Republic
of Hawaii in 1894.

15. Commodore Matthew Perry
Opens Up Japan: 1853
The Japanese View of
Commodore Perry

16. “Seward’s Folly”: 1867
$7.2 million
“Seward’s Icebox”: 1867
When Seward advocated for the purchase of
Alaska he had absolutely no idea of the
amount of natural resources the U.S.A. would
find there.

17. “Remember the Maine
and to Hell with Spain!”
Funeral for the U.S.S. Maine
victims in Havana
After being blown up under mysterious circumstances in Havana
Harbor, a state of the art battleship that took 6 years to build, the
U.S.S. Maine, was dragged out and sunk in deep, deep waters
never to be resurfaced again.
A brutal, racist portrayal of the Spanish just
prior to the break-out of the Spanish-
American War (1898).

18. Rise Sensational Journalisms
Jingoism: hyper or even ultra-patriotism
The Newspaper Wars
Joseph Pulitzer’s
New York World
William Randolph Hearst’s
New York Journal
Hearst to Frederick
Remington:
“You furnish the pictures, and
I’ll furnish the war!”
The press blamed Spain for the sinking of the
U.S.S. Maine and America wanted to believe it to
be true.

19. Theodore Roosevelt’s “Roug
Riders”
Assistant Secretary
of the Navy in the
McKinley
administration.
Imperialist and
American nationalist.
Criticized President
McKinley as having
the backbone of a
chocolate éclair!
Resigns his position to
fight in Cuba: forms
“The Rough Riders”

21. The Spanish-American War (1898):
“That Splendid Little War”
How prepared was the US for war?
Teddy
Roosevelt
leads his band
of Rough
Riders, a mix
of Harvard
Men and
Dakota
Ranchers up
San Juan Hill
(really Kettle
Hill).
Teddy
Roosevelt
comes back
a national
hero. Pres.
William
McKinley
puts him on
the ballot as
vice-
president in
the 1900
pres.
election.

22. The Spanish-American War (1898):
“That Splendid Little War”
Commodore
Dewey leads a
raid on Manila
Bay,
Philippines. He
is able to
destroy the
Spanish Fleet.
The American’s
in his Pacific
Fleet do not
lose a single
casualty.

23. Dewey Captures Manila, Philippines!

24. Emilio Aguinaldo: Fights against the USA for
Philippines Independence
Leader of the Filipino
Uprising.
July 4, 1946:
Philippine independence

25. The Treaty of Paris: 1898
Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.
Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of
Guam.
The U. S. paid Spain
$20 mil. for the
Philippines.
The U. S. becomes
an imperial power!

26. The American Anti-Imperialist
League
Founded in 1899.
Mark Twain, Andrew
Carnegie, William
James, and William
Jennings Bryan among
the leaders.
Campaigned against
the annexation of the
Philippines and other
acts of imperialism.

27. Teller Amendment (1898)
Platt Amendment (1903)
1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign
powers that would endanger its independence.
2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary
to maintain an efficient, independent govt.
3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval
and coaling station.
4. Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.
Cuban Independence?
Senator
Orville Platt

28. Panama Canal
TR in Panama
(Construction begins in 1904)
The Panama Canal links the Atlantic Fleet
with the Pacific Fleet. American warships
can be around the globe at a moment’s
notice.

29. The Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine: 1905
Chronic wrongdoing… may
in America, as elsewhere,
ultimately require
intervention by some
civilized nation, and in the
Western Hemisphere the
adherence of the United
States to the Monroe
Doctrine may force the
United States, however
reluctantly, in flagrant
cases of such wrongdoing
or impotence, to the
exercise of an
international police power .
“Walk Softly,
But Carry a Big Stick!”

30. Treaty of Portsmouth: 1905
Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy
(There are only two, can you
name the other president?)

31. The Boxer Rebellion: 1900
The Peaceful Harmonious Fists.
“55 Days at Peking.”

32. China: The Open Door Policy
Secretary John Hay.
Give all nations equal
access to trade in China.
Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken
over by any one foreign power.

33. The Great White Fleet: 1907

34. Taft’s “Dollar
Diplomacy”
Improve financial
opportunities for
American businesses.
Use private capital to
further U. S. interests
overseas.
Therefore, the U.S.
should create stability
and order abroad that
would best promote
America’s commercial
interests.

35. The Mexican Revolution: 1910s
Emiliano Zapata
Francisco I
Madero
Venustiano Carranza
Porfirio
Diaz
Pancho Villa

36. The Mexican Revolution: 1910s
Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Mexico
and puts Madero in prison where he was
murdered.
Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano
Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought
against Huerta.
The U.S. also got involved by occupying
Veracruz and Huerta fled the country.
Eventually Carranza would gain power in
Mexico.

37. Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”
The U. S. should
be the conscience
of the world.
Spread democracy.
Promote peace.
Condemn colonialism.

38. Searching for Banditos
General John J. Pershing with
Pancho Villa in 1914.
President Woodrow
Wilson would have
to respond to
Mexican
revolutionaries like
Pancho Villa who was
raiding American
towns and killing
Americans that lived
close to the Mexican
boarder. Wilson
would send his
greatest General,
General Pershing, to
try capture Pancho
Villa; however,
President Wilson
would be forced to
send General
Pershing from the
Mexican boarder to
Paris, France, and
lead American boys
in the fight against
German aggression
during WWI.

39. U. S. Interventions in
Latin America: 1898-1920s

40. Uncle Sam: Just One of the “Boys?”
Empire: a group of nations or peoples ruled over by an emperor, empress, or other powerful sovereign or government:
usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom, as the former British Empire, French Empire, Russian Empire, Byzantine
Empire, or Roman Empire. Is America an Empire?
Imperialism: the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and
holding colonies and dependencies; advocacy of imperial or sovereign interests over the interests of the dependent states;
like the British with its policy of so uniting the separate parts of an empire with separate governments as to secure for
certain purposes a single state.