introduction to management

2. MANAGEMENT ART OR SCIENCE

3. ART
• Art is the systematic application of skill or
knowledge in effecting accomplishment of
results.
• It represents the methods or ways of doing
specific things and how objective can be
achieved.
• Art is a personalized process and every artist has
his own style.
• It is practice based and perfection in it requires
continues practice over long period of time.

4. Management as an Art
• Personal Skill: A manager uses his knowledge and skill
in coordinating the activities of people in the
organization.
• Practical knowledge: Management is concerned with
application of knowledge and skill.
• Result Oriented: Management is concerned with
accomplishment of objectives. It aims at achieving
maximum productivity at lowest costs.

5. • Regular practice: Management always tries to
attain higher and higher goals to reach
absolute perfection. This efficiency can be
attained through practice.
• Creativity : Management is the on of the most
creative art, as it is concerned with getting
work done through others by motivating
them.

6. • Science is a systematised body of knowledge
acquired by mankind through observation and
experimentation which is capable of verification.
• The principles are evolved on the basis of
continued observation.
• The principles are exact and have universal
applicability without any limitation.
• The principles establish a cause and effect
relationship various factors.
• The validity of scientific principles can be verified
and they provide a reliable basis for predicting
future events.

7. Management as a Science
• Systematised body of knowledge: Management body
of knowledge built up by management practitioners,
thinkers and philosophers over period of years. The
principals of management make use of scientific
methods for observation.
• Continued Observation: knowledge of management
has been acquired through continuous observations
over a period of years.

8. • Universal application: Fundamental principles of
management are universally applicable.
• Cause and Effect relationship: Principles of
management also establish cause and effect
relationship e.g., poor planning and plant layout
cause low productivity.
• Validity and Predictability: Principles of
management have been put to several tests and
found to be valid.
• Management can be called as soft science or
inexact science.

9. Management is Science as well as Art

10. Management as a profession
• Body of specialized knowledge and techniques
• Formalised methods of acquiring , training and
experience.
• Establishment of professional associations
• Code of conduct
• Priority of service over economic
considerations.