Hult prize presentation on food security in urban slums

AGENDA
• Scenario
• Saastev: The Organizational Structure
• Scalability: Franchise Model
• Project Plan
• Sustainability
• Summary, References & Acknowledgements
2

URBAN SLUMS : A SCENARIO CASE 2013
3
Works
12 hours Earns
$ 2.6/day
Spends
>30% of income
Resorts to Dark
Means for sustenance
200,000,000
such people
Vicious
cycle of
misery

URBAN SLUMS : A SCENARIO CASE 2016
4
Earns
$ 5/day
3 times meal
Access to clean water
Lower Healthcare spending
Cycle of
prosperity

WHAT BROUGHT ABOUT THIS
CHANGE ?

SAASTEV: ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE
SAASTEV (SETUP IN
URBAN SLUMS)
SUPPORT TEAMS
(IT & ANALYST)
FOOD MANAGEMENT
PROGRAMS
MICRO-CREDIT &
SMS PROGRAM
HEALTHCARE AND
OTHER ALLIED
ACTIVITIES
EMPLOYMENT
PROGRAM
AWARENESS DRIVE
5

FOOD MANAGER : CUSTOMER’S POINT OF VIEW
AWARENESS
ACCESSIBILITY
ACCEPTIBILITY
APPROPRIATE
6

FOOD MANAGER : 3-STAGE APPROACH
Need-gap
analysis
Processing
Distribution
 Analyze current Diet pattern and nutrition requirements
MAP THE NEED GAP (Analysis of customer requirements)
MANAGE THE BACKPACK (Processing & Storage)
 Excess food would be collected and appropriately processed
 A storage facility would be designed for the same
REACH THE CUSTOMERS (Distribution)
Via local retail stores and mobile distribution system
7

EXCESS FOOD MANAGEMENT
8
Food
Collection
• Collection of excess food from Parties, Airlines, Cafeterias, grocery
stores, warehouses
• Slum dwellers are engaged in collection
Food
Segregation
• Smart Plastic changes color based upon O2 content
• Container with such material would indicate freshness of food
based upon O2/CO2 content
Food
Usage
• Usable food
• Partially usable food
• Non-usable food

Stuffed food between
wheat bread
PROCESSING
One Machine
(Grinding – Stuffing – Heating)
Shelf Life : 4 Months
Similar to Potato
Chips
Shelf Life : 1 day
Dehydrated
Tortilla
Stuffed Tortilla
9
Micronutrients in the
form of different flours
Excess Segregated
Food

FOOD STORAGE
 Food products (fruits/ vegetables)
stored in a specially designed
structure (named
GEMINUS –(double) OLLA (pot)
,which acts like a cold storage
 Serves as an alternative to store
perishable food (Fruits/Vegetables)
for longer periods
 Can be implemented in every
farmer’s house in the form of a pot
in between another pot
 Provides a source of employment
GEMINUS OLLA
10

CLEAN KITCHEN FACILITY
Procurement
• Near FOOD MANAGER a kitchen facility would be there
Cooking
• The GoI has a program that distributes foodgrains at 4-8 cents a
kg upto 35 kg a month
• Slum dwellers can come in and cook their food here.
Distribution
• Slum dweller can take this clean and safe food back to their
home
11

12
2.5 Billion people lack access to
proper sanitation
1 Billion people lack
access to nutritious food
Yet 5.1 Billion people
have a mobile phone!

SMS & MICRO-CREDIT CARD PROGRAM
- Name of all family members
- Their ages
- Medical history
- Mobile number(s)
STEP 1: Registration of Slum Dwellers (per household)
STEP 2: ID Connection to the Micro-credit account
- An ID to all family members would be given
- A micro-credit card would be given to one women per household
- The micro-credit card is tied up with the mobile account
STEP 3: Registration complete
13

SMS PROGRAM
SMS sent by
subscriber
Filtered data fed to the
nutrient calculator
Nutrients required by
subscriber calculated
Fed to the
local server
Optimization
on server
SMS sent to
subscriber
14

MICRO-CREDIT CARD PROGRAM
Micro-credit card
issued to the slum
dweller
Meena takes the
card and goes for
shopping
Maximum of 4 micro
nutrient packets per
day at very low cost
Vendor updates
Meena’s account
15

MICRO-CREDIT PROGRAM
Microfinance Institution(MFI) Partnership
and benefits to card holder
Saastev
+
MFI
Micro credit card
holder gets loan
for accessories
and business
16

HEALTHCARE: COLLOBORATION WITH PARTNERS
We would provide distribution
channels to our health partners
such as GOONJ
- Sanitary Napkins
- Cheap Contraceptives
- Mosquito Repellents
17

HEALTHCARE AND SANITATION PROGRAM
 80% of diseases in developing
nations are water and sanitation
related
 People from urban slums pay on
average 4-100x more per liter of
water
 Women and girls spend 1-3 hours
each day collecting water
 Governments spend $ 16 billion
in alleviating water related health
ailments
18

CLEAN WATER DISTRIBUTION
Central Water
System
Distribution
channels
Safe and
healthy slum
dwellers
Portion
allocated to
Saastev
19

AWARENESS PROGRAM
+
SENSITIZATION
CAMPAIGNS
SOCIAL
MARKETING
“It is not about provision
of facilities, Its about
educating about these”
“1/3rd of all child deaths are
linked to under nutrition.
Intervening in first 1,000
days will stop its irreversible
effects”
OTHER SPECIAL
PROGRAMS
MOBILE
EDUCATION
MATERNAL
PROGRAM
SUPPORT
PROGRAMMES
 Nutrition Related
Message on Food
packets in Local
Language
 T-shirts with Slogans
at low cost
 Door to Door Info by
NGO and volunteers
 Pre-Recoded Voice
System in Rickshaws
 Eduation through
gamification of
information
 Special Training for:
- Child Nutrition in
first 1000 days
- Newborn health
and care
- Preventing disease
transfer
- Child Delivery
 Drug Addiction
Removal
 Clean Water Provision
 Local Industry training:
- Tourism in Brazil
- Garment Industry(Dhaka)
 Cooking Demonstrations
EXAMPLE OF MESSAGES ATTACHED WITH
SPRINKLES PACKAGING IN DHAKA:
 A checklist to remind moms when to feed the child
meals fortified with Sprinkles. ‘
 The images describe :
- Good child care/nutrition practices
- Cleaning hands before feeding
- Feeding a child food rich in various
veggies and fish;
- Using an entire pack of Sprinkles to
feed a child per day;
- Breastfeeding
- Not feeding too liquid a porridge to a child;
- Not storing food mixed with Sprinkles (the iron in
the mix can oxidize and turn the food dark)
Source: Integrating Early Childhood Development (I-ECD) Project, Maternal &
Child Health/Nutrition, PATH 20

AWARENESS VIA GAMIFICATION OF INFORMATION:
- Whenever a person is being registered through our NGO partners an
extension (.jar/.apk) file would be installed through which we would have
questions at various milestones in a game.
Q: What food gives you proteins ?
21

EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM
• Aim:
- To create social capital in terms of providing jobs to
the urban slum dwellers
- Remove ‘Disguised unemployment’
- Teach them how to fish in the long run
15
3
13
19
5 4
6
12
23
Day
Labourer
Nanny Rickshaw
puller
Sweeper Car driver Domestic
Work
Small
Business
Garments Others
Employment distribution in Dhaka Slums (in %)
Program
Direct Employment Allied Activities Job Search
Waste Food Collection
Awareness Campaigns
Construction of
‘Geminus Olla’
Mobile sellers
Mobile Water product
Pisciculture etc
Truck drivers
Local Industry
SAASTEV
22

MODEL FOR JOB SEARCH THROUGH BABAJOBS
Available
Data
 We have the database of Urban Slum Dwellers in the region of our operation consisting
of: Name, Mobile No, Present Occupation, Skill sets, Expected Income range
Local Data
with Saastev
Data
provided
Babajobs Team feeds data
into their ‘Job Search
Server’
Analyst Team:
Categorisation
(Based on Skills ,
Location and
expected salary)
Job Results
Returned for
each applicant
SMS Sent to the
Shortlisted
regarding the
job by Saastev
(A mail also sent to
Saastev Job Server
for Reminder)
(Select Candidates
for each job)
(Interview, Verification
and Hire)
23

SCALABILITY: MICRO-FRANCHISE MODEL
 Innovative community generated food bank –”FOOD MANAGER ” : Eg- Lijjat
Papad
 A loop of self-sustainability through revamped ICT infrastructure ( m-FOOD
MANAGER )
 Innovative employment channel by use of job-listing networks Eg: Babajobs
Global Partnerships with FMCG & Telecom Co.
Backend for m-FOOD MANAGER (IT & Analyst
support)
Customer Acquisition Support
Partnership with job-listing networks globally
NOVELTY:
BENEFICIARY AGREEMENT:
 Easily Replicable
 Faster business scalability
 Long run profitability
 Massive social impact
BUSINESS IMPACT:
24

FRANCHISE BUILDING
Proportion of country’s
population living in
slums (UN-Habitat Def):
25

Donor
funding
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
Idea
Validation At
Hult SF
Background
study and
development
of innovative
solutions
Pilot on a
slum of 5K
Business
model fine
tuning
Launch in 5
slums
Franchise
launch
Feedback
Launch of
water
purification
Program
for
maternal
health and
childcare
2013
Idea gestation, Business model
fine tuning
Pilot, Market
testing,
collaboration
Member
reg
SMS
setup
FOOD
MANAGE
R launch
Beta
launch
Additional
programs
Scalability
Dec
PROJECT PLAN FOR 2013
26
US $ 1m

SUSTAINABILITY
HOW TO
MEASURE?
TARGET MARKET
-Size
- Gap
- Characteristics
- Geography
OPERATIONAL &
FINANCIAL STABILITY
-Covering Costs
- Breaking Even
- Generating Surplus
RIGHT TEAM MIX
-Good Business Sense
-Experienced advisors
- Visionary
- Local Knowhow
VALUE AND IMPACT
- Social Capital
- Reach
- Promote Talent
pipeline
-
Business Enterprise
Social Enterprise
Goal
Profit Making
Creating Social
Capital
More than gaining profit
out of the business,
social entrepreneurs aim
to provide people a
source of income and
teaching them how to
fish for themselves in the
long run.
- The Skoll Foundation
- ~ 200 million people
living without near
world’s cities
- Lack of access to
nutritious , safe and
affordable food
- Model can be easily
replicated across
geographies (Franchise
Model)
27

IMPACT AND VALUE
•Information dissemination regarding healthy
diet pattern
•Optimization of Savings
Food
Fortification
SMS Based
Program
•Improve the Cost Benefits Ratio
•Improve productivity and lower health
care system costs
•Linking the Slum Dwellers to the available job
opportunities
•Ecosystem to enable them fish in the long run
Employment
Program
•Effective utilization of the excess food
•Making nutritious food accessible and
affordable to all
Food Manager
•Concept of food credits to engage them in
community welfare
•Creating a right value chain
Micro-credit
Program
•Information dissemination regarding the
healthy diet pattern
•Provision of clean drinking water
Health Care &
Sanitation
Cost per person per year in IRON fortification through cereals $.12
Productive work associate with anemia (with light work/heavy/others) 5% / 17% / 4%
Per Capita GDP $ 430
Population in anemia 37%
Per capita productivity loss US $ 4.04
Cost benefits ratio 1:8
Cost Benefits Ratio: Perceived benefits for Iron- Illustration by World Bank
Productivity loss =
4% * Wage share in GDP* Per capita GDP * Pr(anemiaNL) + 17% * Wage share in GDP* Per capita GDP *
Pr(anemiaHL) + 1% * Wage share in GDP* Per capita GDP * Pr(anemiaLL)
Source: ‘Guidelines on Food fortification with Micronutrients’- World Bank and FAO
“”Nutrition-specific interventions will only
reduce global stunting by one third, the
remaining will need to be tackled through
nutrition sensitive development”
– DFID
In Ethiopia, 4,300 sets of
counselling cards in three local languages
were distributed to the health facility by
IYCN
195 million children under five years of age
are chronically malnourished because of
long-term exposure to a poor diet
and repeated infection.
28

COST OF ENSURING FOOD SECURITY
• Family of 5- Needs 300 meals a month
• Cost of 1 nutritious meal currently =$0.4
• For a family that is about = $ 120/month ( > income)
• Total meals for Saastev to prepare/day = 10*1000
• Cost of ensuring nutritious meals in a slum= $3600
– Labor cost (transportation, packaging and distribution) = $ 1500/month
– Nutrition expert cost - >$ 800/month
– Packaging cost = $ 300/month
– Micronutrient cost = $ 1000/month
Cost of ensuring nutritious meals for 1 family at Sastev =
$ 3.6/month/family
29

LOOP OF SUSTAINABILITY
Slum
dweller
Mobile
top-ups/
FMCG
products
Income = $ 100/month
Spending = $ 30/month
1 food
points =
1 meal
42%
expenditure
recovered
FMCG/
telecom
companies
share5%
profit
$30*0.05
= $1.5
We retain
their
consumers
Spending
on FMCG/
Food
increases
Income
Sastev gets
sustainable
Gets 30 loyalty
food points
30

TEAM
Anuraag
Gutgutia
University
Major
Mobile
• IIT KGP
• Electrical Engineering
• +91-9547144177
•
- Cofounder, Univect
- Author of Change, NSEF
Lead, Analyst & ITResponsibility
Abhishek
Jha
• IIT KGP
• +91-9547890926
•
- Project lead, Blood
Ace
- Cofounder, EFTY
Lead, Waste Management
Rohit
Shah
• IIT KGP
• +91-9046669110
•
- Product developer with
Schneider Electric
- 2 patents in Energy
Lead, FOOD MANAGER
and m-FOOD MANAGER
Gaurav
Dahake
• IIT KGP
• Industrial Engineering
• +91-9775550519
•
- World’s top 100
Innovator , Moscow
Lead , Employment Prog
Siddharth
Verma
• IIT KGP
• Electronics Engineering
• +91-9547825319
•
Lead, Microcredit
- Cofounder, Univect
- Fellow, Waste to Watts
31

ACCOLADES & PAST AFFILIATIONS FOR TEAM
32

ADVISORY BOARD
1) Mr Debjeet Sen, MPA, MS
Program Associate, Integrating Early Childhood Development (I-ECD) Project
Maternal & Child Health/Nutrition
PATH, Kenya
2) Mr. Ram Krishnaswamy
Managing Director of Novo Design Concepts Pty Ltd,
Retd. Managing Director, Noise Control Australia Pvt. Ltd
3) Prof Dhrubes Biswas
Professor of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, &
Head, School of Engineering Entrepreneurship, IIT Kharagpur
Prof-in-Charge of Incubation and Entrepreneurship, & MD, STEP
4) Mr. Suvrat Bafna
Food Technologist,
United Nations World Food Program, Ethiopia
5) Yashveer Singh
Co-Founder and Director, NSEF
Starting-Bloc fellow ; Agent of Change by Deccan Chronicle
33

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- ALUMNI NETWORK:
- ORGANISATIONS:
34

SUMMARY
METRIC GUIDING QUESTIONS SOLUTION
FOOD
MANAGER +
MICROCREDIT
FOOD WHEEL+
SANITATION
SMS +
AWARENESS
PROGRAM
FOOD MANAGER
FOOD
MANAGEMENT
EMPLOYMENT
PROGRAM
SOLUTION
FOOD
MANAGER +
MICROCREDIT
FOOD WHEEL+
SANITATION
SMS +
AWARENESS
PROGRAM
FOOD MANAGER
FOODMANAGE
MENT
EMPLOYMENT
PROGRAM
SAASTEV
JOIN HANDS
WITH US
35

BACKUP SLIDES
• IT TEAM
• ANALYST TEAM
• FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY & IMPACT
• TIMELINE FOR OPERATION IN A SLUM
• FOOD COLLECTION
• SMS & MICRO-CREDIT

IT TEAM: ROLES AND FUNCTIONS
IT Analyst Team
(A group of around
30-40 people per
slum)
Maintenance of SMS
based system and apps.
•Maintain and add new
apps for slum dwellers
Database Management
•Maintain and update
database of slum dwellers
to be used by Food Credit
Card system
Online management
•Keep the organisation
active online
•Keep track of all kinds of
donations etc. from
NGOs, govts. etc.
Service Provider
•Cater to all kinds of calls
and doubts from slum
dwellers

ANALYST TEAM
A dedicated team of 200 Analysts working globally for analysis
and geographical mapping of food insecurity in Urban Slums
Analysts
(collect, manage and analyse data)
Work closely with national government, UN
partners and NGOs
Type of Data to be Collected
1.Demography Mapping
2. Assess Food Needs during Emergency
Conditions +Nutritional Analysis
3. Employment related Data

ANALYST TEAM
Technologies used by
Analyst Team
Geographic
Information System
Mobile data
collection platforms
such as phones,
tablets and personal
digital assistants
Forecast and
response analysis

FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
- On an average 70% of slum dwellers from one slum user use one kind of a connection
- Fortune at the BOP is a reality when tied with appropriate financial innovation

FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY: BUSINESS MODEL
Customer
FMCG
companies
Telephone
companies
Shop
5% loyalty
reward
5% loyalty
reward
Saastev
Shares 5%
profit
Shares 5%
profit
Helps retain consumer

FINANCING: FUNDS INFLOW
Funds
Inflow
Revenue
SMS based
system –
Mobile
Providers
Credit Card
System –
FMCG Co.
Food/
Healthcare
Products –
Retail Stores
Mobile Selling
of Water
Packets
Charity/
Donations
NGOs
Govt.
Agencies
Farm Houses
40%60%

REVENUE CALCULATIONS
• Average family earning monthly = $100/month
• Average urban family spends $15/month on ICT
• And it spends about $ 15/month on personal care, food, personal care
items from FMCG etc.
• They get 30 credits for dollar 30 worth of buying.
• And Saastev gets $ 30*0.05 = $1.5 /month from every household.
• So we are able to generate half of the revenue from food.
• Other would be generated from donations and
• In future there would be an increase in spending in ICT and personal care
which would make the system more sustainable.

COST CALCULATIONS
• Cost / nutritious meal = $ 0.4
• Saastev gets processed food for free
- Transportation cost = $ 800 /month/Slum(of 5000) (20 kg/person/hour)
• Need 8 such people for transporting 1200 kg of food for thousand
households for 2 times a day to food repository and back.)
Cost of them = 8*($ 100)
- Food distribution according to nutrition = $1.6K
- Packaging = $ 0.01 packet = $ 300 / month
- Packaging laborers = $ 500/month
Total cost = $ 3200/month
= $ 3.2/ month/family for no profit no loss

TIMELINE FOR OPERATION IN A SLUM
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Analyst Team
IT Team
Employment Program
Awareness Program
Food Bank
SMS Program
Waste Management
MC Card System
Water Purification System
Month
OPERATION STRUCTURE IN A SLUM

BUSINESS IMPACT ON THE FRANCHISE
Sole organization start-up phase
With Franchisee
 Easily Replicable
 Faster business scalability
 Long run profitability
 Massive social impact
Time
OrganizationGrowthCurve

FOOD WHEEL: THE DECISION MAKER
Food compositions Decision maker
Excess Segregated food
Nutritious food
Local Food Item
Mass in Kg
Food Ingredients Calculator
Segmented with constraints of need, technology and cost of
preservation, life time of preservation
From map the need gap : Demand of food composition for various target
segments like General male-female , patients and special cases like pregnancy

WASTE FOOD COLLECTION
 Develop a Council for weekly/ daily
food waste collection service.
 Truck service could be used for waste
collection and people can be
employed from the same slum.
 Recycling credits could be given as a
direct financial incentive to encourage
more recycling and reduce the
amount of rubbish to be sent to
landfill.

WASTE FOOD SEGREGATION
 Use of ‘Smart plastics’ Technique : Detect
change in colour
 Developed by Professor Andrew Millsat
Strathclyde University.
 Utilizes a color-based oxygen indicator to
show when oxygen has got into the pack
 Also possible to control its recovery once
the package is opened to create a
'consume-within' indicator
 For the smart oxygen-sensitive plastics a
semiconducting material, titanium
dioxide is used

COLLECTED FOOD USAGE
 Food would be segregated into 3 waste
categories:
1. Usable Food
2. Partially Usable Food
3, Unusable Food
 Reusable food can be used under the
recycling and reusable credit system.
 Unusable part can be used to produce
biogas (heat and energy) in incineration
plants or manure in fertilizer factories.

Meena takes fresh bags
Meena now is rest assured of a healthy
next month of her family
Mobile H2O vendor begins deliveries
Meena gives him used bags
subscription card
Her subscription allots her
5 bags/day for 6 months
Vendor updates Meena’s account
The circle of
clean water

Micro Credit
Card Details
Micro Credit
Card Benefits
Partnered with Microfinance Institution (Kiva)
Loan for accessories such as "solar cooker”
Loan benefits only through credit rating screening
process for guaranteed returns
Discounted Food Purchase from partner "Retail Stores”
Act as a virtual bank for currency storage
Issued preferably to women of the household
Details of card holder(name, phone number) stored in database
Maximum of say X number of people can be supported on one card
issued

Creation of
“Credits”
for Card Holder
Local Currency
Deposition by the
Card Holder
Organizational Job
Credits
Local Currency
Deposition through
any kind of
external donations
Regular Food
Discount Cupons
Food Credits
(Partnership with
Telecom provider) Recycling
Credits(Promote
reuse and recyclye)

m-FOOD MANAGER WORKING
SMS/ Call
by Natha
Past data
checked
Filtered Data fed
to the Nutrient
Calculator
Output 1:
Nutrients of Each
type Required for
Natha
Output 1 is fed
to the local
server
Optimization on
server
SMS Sent to
Natha
- ID and budget sent
- Specific disease if
any mentioned
- Last 7 days
food and
nutrients
- Occupation
- Cultural identity
- Location
- Budget
- What to buy
- Where to buy
- Maintained by IT team
- Contains info:
* Food
* Calorie content
* Price in local market
- Adopted from the
Australian Ministry
of Health website

OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE
Objective Function:
• Minimize:
- Cost of (Required nutrients made available through different food/diet options)
• Subject to the following constraints:
- Cost for purchasing <= The budget by the inquirer
- Food suggested non-allergic to specific disease
- Suggested food quantities are in integer/respective weight values
- Occupation
- Cultural identity and food preference
- Location

Reference
1) Starting-Bloc fellow ; Agent of Change by Deccan Chronicle
2) Journal of Nutrition,2001, 131(2S-2) , processing methodology : 604S – 614S
3) National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release 25 , National
Agriculture Library
4) Alzamora SM, Tapia MS and López-Malo A (2000)Minimally processed fruits
and vegetables: fundamental aspects and applications Springer, Page
266. ISBN 978-0rld -8342-1672-3.
5) Food waste collection service leaflet, Government of Norwich
6) Mobile Innovations that are Changing India and the World, Brindaa Lakshmi
K | October 28, 2012
7) Not Just a Piece of Cloth Sept 2011, Goonj
8) How about a job portal for maids, drivers or aayahs, Priyanka Golikeri
9) Evans, Lisa. "The Advent of Mechanical Refrigeration Alters Daily Life and
National Economies Throughout the World".
10)Source:State of Food Insecurity in the World,FAO, 2012
11)Focus on woman , World Food program
60

Why fortify?
•Preventing up to four out of ten
childhood deaths*
•Lowering maternal deaths by more
than one third**
•Increasing work capacity up to
20%**
•Improving population IQ by 10-15
points***
61
TheMicronutrientInitiative,2004.
*Derives mainly from Vitamin A
**Derives mainly from iron nutrition
***Derives mainly from iodine sufficiency

Fortification of Cereal Flours
62

How much do fortificants cost?
63
Nutrient Cost/RDA
Vit. A (250 CWS) 3000 IU 0.00079$
Vit. D (100 CWS) 200 IU 0.00011$
Vit. E (50% CWS) 22.35 IU 0.00250$
Thiamin 1.2 mg 0.00004$
Riboflavin 1.3 mg 0.00005$
Pyridoxine 1.3 mg 0.00005$
Niacin 16 mg 0.00026$
Folic Acid 400 µg 0.00008$
Vitamin B12 2.4 µg 0.00010$
Vitamin C 90 mg 0.00257$
Fe (FeSO4 x 1H2O) 8 mg 0.00008$
Total 0.00662$
Male RDA

Estimated Fortificant Costs to Reach Nutritional Goals Through
Food Fortification
64
1: Includes processing and storage overages. Source: Modified from Omar Dary A2Z- 18 Sept. 2007
Women Nutritional Cost
EAR Goal per person1
(mg/day) (% EAR) (US$/year)
Calcium Solid-Food 833.333 60 0.584
Iron-NaFeEDTA Flour 13.243 80 0.193
Vitamin E Dry Food 6.250 60 0.162
Vit. C Beverage 34.615 40 0.142
Vit. A Flour or sugar 0.357 80 0.087
Iron-electrolytic Flour 40.524 80 0.045
Vit. A Oil 0.357 80 0.031
Vitamin D Dry Food 0.005 80 0.028
Vit. B-3 (Niacin) Flour 10.769 40 0.021
Zinc Flour 8.167 80 0.020
Vit. B-12 Flour 0.001 80 0.014
Vit. B-9 (Folate) Flour 0.188 80 0.015
Vit. B-2 Flour 0.917 60 0.009
Vit. B-6 Flour 1.083 40 0.008
Vit. B-1 Flour 0.917 40 0.005
Iodine Salt 0.107 100 0.002
Micronutrients Vehicle

Benefit: Or the costs of malnutrition
20982
1441
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Estimated economic loss
to VMD (US$ mio)
Fortification cost (US$
mio)
65
Based on the UNICEF/MI publication: “Vitamin & Mineral Deficiencies: A global damage assessment report, 2004
Fortification Cost: 100% coverage at 50% daily requirement of A, B1, B2, PP, B12,I + 100% of FA and Fe

66
Effective fortification is affordable,
ineffective fortification is expensive.

Hult prize presentation on food security in urban slums

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