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GGuuiiddeelliinneess ffoorr EEaarrtthhqquuaakkee 
RReessiissttaanntt 
NNoonn--EEnnggiinneeeerreedd CCoonnssttrruuccttiioonn 
YYuujjii IIsshhiiyyaammaa 
PPrrooffeessssoorr EEmmeerriittuuss,, HHookkkkaaiiddoo UUnniivv.. 
NNeewwssTT RReesseeaarrcchh LLaabb..,, CCoo..LLttdd.. 
JJaappaann
NNoonn--EEnnggiinneeeerreedd CCoonnssttrruuccttiioonn 
 NNoonn--eennggiinneeeerreedd bbuuiillddiinnggss aarree ssppoonnttaanneeoouussllyy 
aanndd iinnffoorrmmaallllyy ccoonnssttrruucctteedd iinn tthhee ttrraaddiittiioonnaall 
mmaannnneerr wwiitthhoouutt iinntteerrvveennttiioonn bbyy qquuaalliiffiieedd 
aarrcchhiitteeccttss aanndd eennggiinneeeerrss iinn tthheeiirr ddeessiiggnn.. 
 NNoonn--eennggiinneeeerreedd ccoonnssttrruuccttiioonn iiss mmoosstt ccoommmmoonn 
ccoonnssttrruuccttiioonn tteecchhnniiqquuee iinn tthhee wwoorrlldd aanndd aallssoo 
mmoosstt vvuullnneerraabbllee aaggaaiinnsstt eeaarrtthhqquuaakkeess..
UUnn--rreeiinnffoorrcceedd bbrriicckk mmaassoonnrryy 
UUnn--rreeiinnffoorrcceedd bbrriicckk mmaassoonnrryy wwiitthh nnoo 
ccoolluummnnss nnoorr bbeeaammss ((JJaavvaa,, IInnddoonneessiiaa))
Confined masonry 
Un-reinforced brick 
wall framed with RC 
columns and beams 
of small section 
Wood frame for 
door sash can 
support brick wall.
Damage to Adobe 
(sundried mud block) 
construction (1996 
Nazca, Peru EQ) 
Damage to Adobe 
(2001 Atico, Peru EQ)
Damage to Tapial 
construction 
(1990 Peru EQ) 
Tapial is cast-in-place 
mud (rammed earth ) 
construction (1990 
Peru EQ)
Damage to 
Japanese traditional 
wooden houses 
(1995 Kobe EQ) 
Horizontal narrow 
boards nailed to 
frame cannot resist 
lateral forces (1995 
Kobe EQ)
GGuuiiddeelliinneess ffoorr NNoonn--EEnnggiinneeeerreedd CCoonnsstt.. 
 1199800,, IIAAEEEE ((IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall AAssssoocciiaattiioonn ffoorr 
EEaarrtthhqquuaakkee EEnnggiinneeeerriinngg)) GGuuiiddeelliinneess ffoorr EEaarrtthhqquuaakkee 
RReessiissttaanntt NNoonn--EEnnggiinneeeerreedd CCoonnssttrruuccttiioonn,, AArryyaa,, 
BBooeenn,, GGrraannddoorrii,, BBoonneeddeettttii,, GGrraasseexx,, PPoolliiaakkoovv,, 
MMooiinnffaarr,, UUmmeemmuurraa,, OOhhssaakkii.. 
 1199866,, RReevviisseedd GGuuiiddeelliinneess,, AArryyaa,, BBooeenn,, IIsshhiiyyaammaa,, 
MMaarrtteemmiiaannoovv,, MMeellii,, SSccaawwtthhoorrnn,, JJuulliioo,, YYaaooxxiiaann.. 
 22001144,, LLaatteesstt vveerrssiioonn ooff RReevviisseedd GGuuiiddeelliinneess,, AArryyaa,, 
BBooeenn,, IIsshhiiyyaammaa..
IIAAEEEE GGuuiiddeelliinneess –– 1199800
International AAssssoocciiaattiioonn 
ffoorr EEaarrtthhqquuaakkee 
EEnnggiinneeeerriinngg ((IIAAEEEE)) 
GGuuiiddeelliinneess ffoorr 
EEaarrtthhqquuaakkee RReessiissttaanntt 
NNoonn--EEnnggiinneeeerreedd 
CCoonnssttrruuccttiioonn 
((11998866 EEddiittiioonn))
AAnnaanndd SS.. AArryyaa ((IInnddiiaa)) 
TTeeddddyy BBooeenn ((IInnddoonneessiiaa)) 
YYuujjii IIsshhiiyyaammaa ((JJaappaann)) 
AA.. II.. MMaarrtteemmiiaannoovv ((UUSSSSRR)) 
RRoobbeerrttoo MMeellii ((MMeexxiiccoo)) 
CChhaarrlleess SSccaawwtthhoorrnn ((UUSSAA)) 
VVaarrggaass JJuulliioo NN.. ((PPeerruu)) 
YYee XXaaooxxiiaann ((CChhiinnaa)) 
IInn 1199884 dduurriinngg WWCCEEEE iinn SSaann 
FFrraanncciissccoo
RReevviissiioonn ooff tthhee 11998866 vveerrssiioonn 
TThhrreeee ooff tthhee aauutthhoorrss ooff 11998866 vveerrssiioonn mmeett iinn TTookkyyoo 
iinn 22000088 dduurriinngg tthhee IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall SSyymmppoossiiuumm oonn 
EEaarrtthhqquuaakkee SSaaffee HHoouussiinngg aanndd ddeeiiddeedd ttoo rreevviisseedd iitt.. 
AAnnaanndd SS.. AArryyaa 
TTeeddddyy BBooeenn 
YYuujjii IIsshhiiyyaammaa 
NNeeww DDeellhhii iinn 22001100 
SSiinnggaappoorree iinn 22001111 
2266 aanndd 2277 yyeeaarrss aafftteerr 
tthhee pprreevviioouuss ppiiccttuurree
New subsection for confined masonry
EEaarrtthhqquuaakkee ffoorrccee FF iiss 
tthhee iinneerrttiiaa ffoorrccee 
ccaauusseedd bbyy ggrroouunndd 
mmoottiioonn GG
DDaammaaggee ccaauusseedd bbyy 
sseevveerree eeaarrtthhqquuaakkee 
ggrroouunndd mmoottiioonn
OOuutt--ooff--ppllaannee ffoorrccee IInn--ppllaannee ffoorrccee
OOuutt--ooff--ppllaannee ffaaiilluurree 
ooff uunn--rreeiinnffoorrcceedd 
bbrriicckk mmaassoonnrryy wwaallll
Support at the ttoopp ooff tthhee wwaallll rreedduucceess tthhee 
oovveerrttuurrnniinngg mmoommeenntt 11//4 
MM11 == ((11//4)) MM22
VVaarriioouuss ttyyppeess ooff ccrraacckkiinngg
VVaarriioouu ttyyppeess ooff 
ccrraacckkiinngg iinn tthhee wwaallll 
bbyy sshheeaarr ffoorrccee
Figures ttoo bbee uunnddeerrssttoooodd eeaassiillyy 
DDrryy bbaallll ssttrreennggtthh tteesstt ffoorr ssooiill
Figures ttoo bbee uunnddeerrssttoooodd eeaassiillyy 
FFiieelldd tteesstt ooff aaddoobbee ssttrreennggtthh
Figures ttoo bbee uunnddeerrssttoooodd eeaassiillyy 
HHooww ttoo mmaakkee ggoooodd ccoonnccrreettee
Figures ttoo bbee uunnddeerrssttoooodd eeaassiillyy 
HHooww ttoo tteesstt tthhee ccoonnccrreettee
PPiiccttuurreess ooff 
vvaarriioouuss ttyyppeess ooff 
eeaarrtthhqquuaakkee ddaammaaggee
DDaammaaggee ttoo 
uunnrreeiinnffoorrcceedd ssttoonnee 
mmaassoonnrryy
DDaammaaggee ccaauusseedd bbyy 
TTssuunnaammii ooff 11999933 
HHookkkkaaiiddoo--nnaannnnsseeii-- 
ookkii EEQQ JJaappaann
DDaammaaggee ccaauusseedd bbyy 
TTssuunnaammii ooff 
11999922FFlloorreess EEQQ aanndd 
22000044 AAcchhee EEQQ,, 
IInnddoonneessiiaa
DDaammaaggee ccaauusseedd bbyy 
TTssuunnaammii ooff 22001111 
GGrreeaatt EEaasstt JJaappaann EEQQ
Poster for MMiinniimmuumm RReeqquuiirreemmeennttss 
 QQuuaalliittyy ooff mmaatteerriiaallss 
 SSttrruuccttuurraall mmeemmbbeerrss 
 CCoonnnneeccttiioonn ooff 
ssttrruuccttuurraall mmeemmbbeerrss 
(After 2006 Central 
Java, Indonesia 
EQ)
TTaabbllee ooff ccoonntteennttss 
11.PPrroobblleemmss,, OObbjjeeccttiivvee && SSccooppee 
22. SSttrruuccttuurraall PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee dduurriinngg EEQQss 
33. GGeenneerraall CCoonncceepptt ooff EEQQ RReessiissttaanntt DDeessiiggnn 
44. MMaassoonnrryy BBuuiillddiinnggss iinn FFiirreedd--BBrriicckk aanndd OOtthheerr 
MMaatteerriiaallss 
((CCoonnffiinneedd mmaassoonnrryy hhaass bbeeeenn iinncclluuddeedd.)) 
55. SSttoonnee BBuuiillddiinnggss 
66. WWooooddeenn BBuuiillddiinnggss 
77. EEaarrtthheenn BBuuiillddiinnggss 
88. NNoonn--EEnngg. RRCC BBuuiillddiinnggss 
99. RReeppaaiirr,, RReessttoorraattiioonn aanndd SSttrreennggtthheenniinngg 
1100. AAppppeennddiicceess
FFoorreewwaarrdd 
bbyy 
DDiirreeccttoorr--GGeenneerraall 
IIrriinnaa BBookkoovvaa 
ooff UUNNEESSCCOO 
iinn MMaayy 22001144 
YYoouu ccaann ddoowwnnllooaadd tthhee ffiillee 
ffrroomm:: 
hhttttpp::////uunneessddoocc.uunneessccoo.oorrgg 
//iimmaaggeess//00002222//000022229900//22 
2299005599EE.ppddff
TThhaannkk yyoouu 
ffoorr yyoouurr aatttteennttiioonn 
IIff yyoouu hhaavvee aannyy ccoommeennttss,, pplleeaassee ccoonnttaacctt 
AAnnaanndd SS. AArryyaa :: aassaarruunn33115555@ggmmaaiill.ccoomm 
TTeeddddyy BBooeenn :: tteeddbbooeenn@ccbbnn.nneett.iidd 
YYuujjii IIsshhiiyyaammaa :: ttoo--yyuujjii@nniiffttyy.ccoomm

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NonEngGuidelines2014

  • 1. GGuuiiddeelliinneess ffoorr EEaarrtthhqquuaakkee RReessiissttaanntt NNoonn--EEnnggiinneeeerreedd CCoonnssttrruuccttiioonn YYuujjii IIsshhiiyyaammaa PPrrooffeessssoorr EEmmeerriittuuss,, HHookkkkaaiiddoo UUnniivv.. NNeewwssTT RReesseeaarrcchh LLaabb..,, CCoo..LLttdd.. JJaappaann
  • 2. NNoonn--EEnnggiinneeeerreedd CCoonnssttrruuccttiioonn  NNoonn--eennggiinneeeerreedd bbuuiillddiinnggss aarree ssppoonnttaanneeoouussllyy aanndd iinnffoorrmmaallllyy ccoonnssttrruucctteedd iinn tthhee ttrraaddiittiioonnaall mmaannnneerr wwiitthhoouutt iinntteerrvveennttiioonn bbyy qquuaalliiffiieedd aarrcchhiitteeccttss aanndd eennggiinneeeerrss iinn tthheeiirr ddeessiiggnn..  NNoonn--eennggiinneeeerreedd ccoonnssttrruuccttiioonn iiss mmoosstt ccoommmmoonn ccoonnssttrruuccttiioonn tteecchhnniiqquuee iinn tthhee wwoorrlldd aanndd aallssoo mmoosstt vvuullnneerraabbllee aaggaaiinnsstt eeaarrtthhqquuaakkeess..
  • 3. UUnn--rreeiinnffoorrcceedd bbrriicckk mmaassoonnrryy UUnn--rreeiinnffoorrcceedd bbrriicckk mmaassoonnrryy wwiitthh nnoo ccoolluummnnss nnoorr bbeeaammss ((JJaavvaa,, IInnddoonneessiiaa))
  • 4. Confined masonry Un-reinforced brick wall framed with RC columns and beams of small section Wood frame for door sash can support brick wall.
  • 5. Damage to Adobe (sundried mud block) construction (1996 Nazca, Peru EQ) Damage to Adobe (2001 Atico, Peru EQ)
  • 6. Damage to Tapial construction (1990 Peru EQ) Tapial is cast-in-place mud (rammed earth ) construction (1990 Peru EQ)
  • 7. Damage to Japanese traditional wooden houses (1995 Kobe EQ) Horizontal narrow boards nailed to frame cannot resist lateral forces (1995 Kobe EQ)
  • 8. GGuuiiddeelliinneess ffoorr NNoonn--EEnnggiinneeeerreedd CCoonnsstt..  1199800,, IIAAEEEE ((IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall AAssssoocciiaattiioonn ffoorr EEaarrtthhqquuaakkee EEnnggiinneeeerriinngg)) GGuuiiddeelliinneess ffoorr EEaarrtthhqquuaakkee RReessiissttaanntt NNoonn--EEnnggiinneeeerreedd CCoonnssttrruuccttiioonn,, AArryyaa,, BBooeenn,, GGrraannddoorrii,, BBoonneeddeettttii,, GGrraasseexx,, PPoolliiaakkoovv,, MMooiinnffaarr,, UUmmeemmuurraa,, OOhhssaakkii..  1199866,, RReevviisseedd GGuuiiddeelliinneess,, AArryyaa,, BBooeenn,, IIsshhiiyyaammaa,, MMaarrtteemmiiaannoovv,, MMeellii,, SSccaawwtthhoorrnn,, JJuulliioo,, YYaaooxxiiaann..  22001144,, LLaatteesstt vveerrssiioonn ooff RReevviisseedd GGuuiiddeelliinneess,, AArryyaa,, BBooeenn,, IIsshhiiyyaammaa..
  • 10. International AAssssoocciiaattiioonn ffoorr EEaarrtthhqquuaakkee EEnnggiinneeeerriinngg ((IIAAEEEE)) GGuuiiddeelliinneess ffoorr EEaarrtthhqquuaakkee RReessiissttaanntt NNoonn--EEnnggiinneeeerreedd CCoonnssttrruuccttiioonn ((11998866 EEddiittiioonn))
  • 11. AAnnaanndd SS.. AArryyaa ((IInnddiiaa)) TTeeddddyy BBooeenn ((IInnddoonneessiiaa)) YYuujjii IIsshhiiyyaammaa ((JJaappaann)) AA.. II.. MMaarrtteemmiiaannoovv ((UUSSSSRR)) RRoobbeerrttoo MMeellii ((MMeexxiiccoo)) CChhaarrlleess SSccaawwtthhoorrnn ((UUSSAA)) VVaarrggaass JJuulliioo NN.. ((PPeerruu)) YYee XXaaooxxiiaann ((CChhiinnaa)) IInn 1199884 dduurriinngg WWCCEEEE iinn SSaann FFrraanncciissccoo
  • 12. RReevviissiioonn ooff tthhee 11998866 vveerrssiioonn TThhrreeee ooff tthhee aauutthhoorrss ooff 11998866 vveerrssiioonn mmeett iinn TTookkyyoo iinn 22000088 dduurriinngg tthhee IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall SSyymmppoossiiuumm oonn EEaarrtthhqquuaakkee SSaaffee HHoouussiinngg aanndd ddeeiiddeedd ttoo rreevviisseedd iitt.. AAnnaanndd SS.. AArryyaa TTeeddddyy BBooeenn YYuujjii IIsshhiiyyaammaa NNeeww DDeellhhii iinn 22001100 SSiinnggaappoorree iinn 22001111 2266 aanndd 2277 yyeeaarrss aafftteerr tthhee pprreevviioouuss ppiiccttuurree
  • 13. New subsection for confined masonry
  • 14. EEaarrtthhqquuaakkee ffoorrccee FF iiss tthhee iinneerrttiiaa ffoorrccee ccaauusseedd bbyy ggrroouunndd mmoottiioonn GG
  • 15. DDaammaaggee ccaauusseedd bbyy sseevveerree eeaarrtthhqquuaakkee ggrroouunndd mmoottiioonn
  • 17. OOuutt--ooff--ppllaannee ffaaiilluurree ooff uunn--rreeiinnffoorrcceedd bbrriicckk mmaassoonnrryy wwaallll
  • 18. Support at the ttoopp ooff tthhee wwaallll rreedduucceess tthhee oovveerrttuurrnniinngg mmoommeenntt 11//4 MM11 == ((11//4)) MM22
  • 19. VVaarriioouuss ttyyppeess ooff ccrraacckkiinngg
  • 20. VVaarriioouu ttyyppeess ooff ccrraacckkiinngg iinn tthhee wwaallll bbyy sshheeaarr ffoorrccee
  • 21. Figures ttoo bbee uunnddeerrssttoooodd eeaassiillyy DDrryy bbaallll ssttrreennggtthh tteesstt ffoorr ssooiill
  • 22. Figures ttoo bbee uunnddeerrssttoooodd eeaassiillyy FFiieelldd tteesstt ooff aaddoobbee ssttrreennggtthh
  • 23. Figures ttoo bbee uunnddeerrssttoooodd eeaassiillyy HHooww ttoo mmaakkee ggoooodd ccoonnccrreettee
  • 24. Figures ttoo bbee uunnddeerrssttoooodd eeaassiillyy HHooww ttoo tteesstt tthhee ccoonnccrreettee
  • 25. PPiiccttuurreess ooff vvaarriioouuss ttyyppeess ooff eeaarrtthhqquuaakkee ddaammaaggee
  • 26. DDaammaaggee ttoo uunnrreeiinnffoorrcceedd ssttoonnee mmaassoonnrryy
  • 27. DDaammaaggee ccaauusseedd bbyy TTssuunnaammii ooff 11999933 HHookkkkaaiiddoo--nnaannnnsseeii-- ookkii EEQQ JJaappaann
  • 28. DDaammaaggee ccaauusseedd bbyy TTssuunnaammii ooff 11999922FFlloorreess EEQQ aanndd 22000044 AAcchhee EEQQ,, IInnddoonneessiiaa
  • 29. DDaammaaggee ccaauusseedd bbyy TTssuunnaammii ooff 22001111 GGrreeaatt EEaasstt JJaappaann EEQQ
  • 30. Poster for MMiinniimmuumm RReeqquuiirreemmeennttss  QQuuaalliittyy ooff mmaatteerriiaallss  SSttrruuccttuurraall mmeemmbbeerrss  CCoonnnneeccttiioonn ooff ssttrruuccttuurraall mmeemmbbeerrss (After 2006 Central Java, Indonesia EQ)
  • 31. TTaabbllee ooff ccoonntteennttss 11.PPrroobblleemmss,, OObbjjeeccttiivvee && SSccooppee 22. SSttrruuccttuurraall PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee dduurriinngg EEQQss 33. GGeenneerraall CCoonncceepptt ooff EEQQ RReessiissttaanntt DDeessiiggnn 44. MMaassoonnrryy BBuuiillddiinnggss iinn FFiirreedd--BBrriicckk aanndd OOtthheerr MMaatteerriiaallss ((CCoonnffiinneedd mmaassoonnrryy hhaass bbeeeenn iinncclluuddeedd.)) 55. SSttoonnee BBuuiillddiinnggss 66. WWooooddeenn BBuuiillddiinnggss 77. EEaarrtthheenn BBuuiillddiinnggss 88. NNoonn--EEnngg. RRCC BBuuiillddiinnggss 99. RReeppaaiirr,, RReessttoorraattiioonn aanndd SSttrreennggtthheenniinngg 1100. AAppppeennddiicceess
  • 32. FFoorreewwaarrdd bbyy DDiirreeccttoorr--GGeenneerraall IIrriinnaa BBookkoovvaa ooff UUNNEESSCCOO iinn MMaayy 22001144 YYoouu ccaann ddoowwnnllooaadd tthhee ffiillee ffrroomm:: hhttttpp::////uunneessddoocc.uunneessccoo.oorrgg //iimmaaggeess//00002222//000022229900//22 2299005599EE.ppddff
  • 33. TThhaannkk yyoouu ffoorr yyoouurr aatttteennttiioonn IIff yyoouu hhaavvee aannyy ccoommeennttss,, pplleeaassee ccoonnttaacctt AAnnaanndd SS. AArryyaa :: aassaarruunn33115555@ggmmaaiill.ccoomm TTeeddddyy BBooeenn :: tteeddbbooeenn@ccbbnn.nneett.iidd YYuujjii IIsshhiiyyaammaa :: ttoo--yyuujjii@nniiffttyy.ccoomm