Tyoes of Flooring

TYPES OF FLOORING
M a t e r i a l & Te c h n i q u e s
S U B M I T T E D BY
GEETIKA SINGLA

Content Page
• Mud Flooring
•Muram Flooring
• Brick Flooring
• Flagstone Flooring
• Tiled Flooring
• Terrazzo flooring
• Chequered tile flooring
• Glazed tile flooring
• PVC tile flooring
• Cement Concrete Flooring
• Terrazo Flooring
• Mosaic Flooring
• Marble Flooring
• Timber Flooring
• Other Flooring Materials

➢ Selection of Materials:
Good quality cement and mud is selected. Mud used for the flooring must be clean and
should possess enough tensile and shear strength.
Mud should be fine grained and devoid of gravels or even coarse sand. The mud is kept
soaked in the water for about a week before laying the floor.
➢ Preparation of the Bed:
Sprinkle water over the floor. Thus, the bed is prepared by wetting the floor.
A hardcore stone or rubble layer is laid down for a 15 to 25 centimetre thickness when
the bed is prepared for the first time. Then, the floor is rammed sufficiently so as to
obtain a consolidated thickness of about 150 millimetres.
This imparts flooring the strength to prevent dampness and rodents from making holes.
It also prevents underground settlement and thus avoids the flooring from getting
deteriorated.
➢ Stabilising the Materials:
The characteristics of mud are enhanced by the addition of stabilisers.
Stabilised Compressed Interlocking Earth Block (SCEB)- Let us take an example of
cement. About 5 % of cement is added to the local mud. Then compression is done and
the final product achieves water resistance and even structural strength too.
MUD FLOORING
Laying Process

➢ Mixing of Materials:
In the mud, the chopped and sifted straw is added. Water is also added to it and mixed
it well so that a consistent mix is obtained.
Straws prevent the surface from forming cracks upon drying.
➢ Laying of The Mud Paste
The paste of mud and other materials mixed before is laid on the prepared bed in a 10
inch or 25 centimetre thick layer.
The mud floor should be laid in a single unjointed layer. If joints or panels are allowed
to form, the mud floor deteriorates, unlike concrete.
➢ Compaction of the Surface:
After laying the mud paste on the prepared bed, compaction is done to obtain a
levelled surface.
To compact the surface, it is rammed thoroughly without using any water. Wooden
tools are used to ram the surface.
Compaction is done to a thickness of 6 inches or 15 centimetres.
While temping, it is noted that the marks of the instrument are to be removed. The
surface is tried to make even. If an indentation is found in the floor while tamping, the
surface is filled with the mud mixture while from the lifted part, the mixture is
removed.
MUD FLOORING
Laying Process

➢ Finishing of the Surface:
This is an optional step. Sometimes, a finishing layer called cow dung wash is also
applied to the top of the laid floor.
For this, cow dung and clay are mixed into a thin paste and applied to the compacted
floor in a thin layer.
Some particular type of patterns or textures can also be formed on the surface while
finishing.
➢ Curing of the Surface:
The floor should not be allowed to dry rapidly. Hence, water is sprinkled at regular and
frequent intervals to keep the moisture uniformly distributed over the thickness of the
layer.
If the curing step is missed out, then the floor tends to develop cracks.
Cracks in Mud Flooring Upon Drying if NOT Properly Cured Finishing of Mud Flooring
MUD FLOORING
Laying Process

Merits:
i. It is easy to construct
ii. Its materials are available easily in the nearby place
iii. It is cheaper than most of the present flooring techniques prevalent
iv. It is available locally; avoiding the transportation cost
v. Its construction is simple
vi. Its maintenance is easy and cheap
vii. It is hard and quite impervious
viii. It is a natural type of flooring and is thus eco-friendly
ix. It is good for health: PVC emits volatiles; vitrified tiles are considered to cause
stress on joints resulting in pain in joints and stuck knees.
x. Its fire resistance coefficient is more than PVC flooring
xi. Its construction does not require skilled labours
xii. It reducing carbon footprints
xiii. It gives back some amount of nature to nature while dusting in everyday life
MUD FLOORING
Merits

Demerits MUD FLOORING
Demerits:
i. It is less durable as compared to other types of flooring
ii. It needs to be applied coating in a week or two
iii. Its smoothness is much less as compared to PVC or ceramic tile flooring
iv. Its moisture resistance is much low. As it is less resistant to moisture, bacteria may
breed over the flooring surface and may pose hygiene problems
v. It shows dents on the surface if loaded above a certain limit. Thus, its loading
capacity is less
vi. Its porosity is high
vii. It is not resistant to stains
viii. It gets weathered by even simple activities like moving furniture from one place to
another

Any disintegrated rock is called muram. Muram floors are constructed in villages in India and have the
same advantages as that of mud-floors. Unlike mud floors, they are constructed with great care.
Introduction MURAM FLOORING

➢Upon the prepared sub-grade a 15 cm. thick layer of muram is laid.
➢A 25 mm. thick layer of powder muram is spread over the already laid muram layer and
water is sprinkled over the entire surface.
➢The surface is then rammed well.
➢After ramming the surface is saturated with water, so that a thin layer is formed on the
top of the rammed surface.
➢Then the surface is trampled well till the cream of muram rises to the top.
➢The surface is left in this state for about a day and then it is rammed again with wooden
rammers called thapies for about three days.
➢The dry hard surface thus formed is then smeared with a thick coat of cow dung and
rammed once again for two days in the morning.
➢Finally the surface is finished with a cement cow-dung plaster 1:4 (1 cement : 4 cow
dung).
➢To maintain the floor in good condition, it is given a wash of cement cow-dung plaster
once a week and the surface is wiped clean immediately.
Laying Process MURAM FLOORING

The merits and demerits of mud or muram flooring may be summarized below :
i. Merits:
i. It is cheap.
ii. It has smooth, hard and fairly impervious surface.
iii. It is easy in construction.
iv. It has sufficiently long life if properly maintained.
v. It maintains comfortable temperature in all seasons.
Demerits:
For perfect maintenance of the surface it has to be given cement cow-dung wash
once or twice a week. This may be objectionable from sanitary consideration.
Merits & Demerits MURAM FLOORING

This type of flooring is commonly provided in warehouses, stores and godowns or in places
where heavy articles are stored. The flooring may be done with brick laid flat or on edge
arranged in herring bone fashion or set at right angle to the walls.
Introduction BRICK FLOORING

➢ The earth filling under floor is well compacted first and thereafter 10 to 15 cm. thick
layer of cement or lime concrete is laid over the entire area of floor. This layer is
known as subgrade.
➢ The floor is laid directly over the subgrade. The slope required to be given to the
floor to take care of floor washing etc. is provided in subgrade itself.
➢ Prior to use, the bricks should be properly soaked and wetted in water. The bricks
are laid on edge on 12 mm. thick mortar bed in such a manner that all the joints are
full of mortar.
➢ Where the floor has to be plastered or painted, all the face joints should be raked to
a depth of about 15 mm. during the progress of work (when the mortar is green).
➢ This is necessary to ensure adequate bond between the flooring and the mortar of
pointing or plastering.
➢ In case, however, pointing or plastering is not needed, the joints need not be raked
and instead rendered flush and finished during laying of bricks.
➢ The flooring should be cured for a minimum period of seven days before use.
Laying Process BRICK FLOORING

Merits:
i. It is durable and sufficiently hard.
ii. It is cheaper than cement concrete, wooden or mosaic flooring.
iii. It is non-slippery.
iv. It is easily repairable.
Demerits:
i. It is absorbent.
Merits & Demerits BRICK FLOORING

Any lamIniscated sandstone available in uniform thickness is called flag stone..
Introduction FLAGSTONE FLOORING

➢ The stone slab for flooring may be square or rectangular with width not less than 38
cm. and thickness varying from 20 to 40 mm.
➢ The sub-grade is prepared by laying a 10 to 15 cm. thick layer of lime concrete over
a bed of well consolidated earth.
➢ On this sub-grade well wetted flag stones are laid on 20 to 25 mm. thick layer of bed
mortar.
➢ When the stone slabs are properly set, mortar in the joints is raked out to a depth of
about 20 mm. and flush pointed
with cement mortar (1:3).
➢ A slope of 1 to 40 is necessary to be
given in flag stone flooring for
proper drainage
Laying Process FLAGSTONE FLOORING

Merits:
i. It is hard, durable and resistant to wear and tear and as such is used in
workshops, garages and godowns.
ii. It is easily repairable.
iii. It is easy in construction.
iv. In stone districts, it can be used with economy.
Demerits:
i. It does not give a pleasing appearance and hence it is not suitable to be provided
in places like residential building or important public buildings.
ii. Its usage is not comfortable.
Merits & Demerits FLAGSTONE FLOORING

Depending upon the type of material used tiled flooring can be broadly divided into
the following categories.
(1) Terrazzo flooring
(2) Chequered tile flooring
(3) Glazed tile flooring
(4) PVC tile flooring
TILED FLOORING
Introduction

(i) TERRAZZO FLOORING
Introduction
Terrazo tiles manufactured under hydraulic pressure are available in following three
standard sizes.
200 x 200 x 20 mm. 250 x 250 x 22 mm. 300 x 300 x 25 mm.
The total thickness of the tile comprises of two layers i.e., the upper layer and the
backing. The thickness of the upper layer (also known as wearing layer) varies from 5
mm. to 6 mm, and it consists of mix of cement, marble chip aggregates and pigment (if
required) taken in suitable proportions. The backing of the tile consists of leaner mix of
cement and aggregates usually taken in proportion of 1:3.

➢ The tiles are laid over reasonably hard sub-grade which may be of concrete or
R.C.C. slab.
➢ Prior to laying tiles, a 30 mm. thick layer of lime mortar 1:3 (1 lime 3 surkhi or
coarse sand) is spread over the sub-grade to serve as bedding.
➢ The bedding mortar is allowed to harden for a day.
➢ Immediately before laying, neat cement slurry is spread over the bedding mortar
and the tiles are then fixed over the slurry grout.
➢ Each tile is gently tapped with a wooden mallet till it is properly bedded and
levelled.
➢ The joints in the tile flooring should not exceed 15 mm. in thickness.
➢ Next day all the joints in the flooring are cleaned of loose mortar, dust etc. to the
depth of about 5 mm. by use of wire brush.
➢ The joints are thereafter grouted with cement slurry of the same shade as that of
tiles and the same slurry is applied over the flooring in the form of thin cost.
Laying Process (i) TERRAZZO FLOORING

➢ The flooring is cured for 7 days and thereafter the surface of the tiles is ground
with grinding machine fitted with grinding stone.
➢ After grinding, the surface is washed and again covered with a thin coat of cement
and cured second time.
➢ After curing, the surface is ground second time by using grinding stone No. 120.
➢ Day after the second grinding the entire surface is finally ground using grinding
stone No. 320.
➢ The grinding of surface is also termed as polishing.
➢ Finally the surface of flooring is rendered clean by using oxalic acid water.
Laying Process (i) TERRAZZO FLOORING

Chequered tiles are available in the following standard sizes.
(i) 200 x 200 x 22 mm. (ii) 250 x 250 x 22 mm. (iii) 300 x 300 x 22 mm.
The method of laying tile is identical to that of terrazzo tile flooring except that the
polishing of the tile has to be done by hand.
(ii) CHEQUERED TILE FLOORING
Introduction & Laying Process

Glazed tiles are available in the following standard sizes:
(i) 100 x 100 x 5 or 6 mm. (ii) 150 x 150 x 5 or 6 mm.
The tiles have only top surface glazed.
(iii) GLAZED TILE FLOORING
Introduction

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➢ The tiles are laid over a reasonably hard sub-grade which may be of concrete or
R.C.C. slab.
➢ Prior to laying, a 10 mm. thick layer of cement mortar 1: 3 is spread over the sub-
grade to serve as bedding.
➢ The mortar is allowed to harden so that it may permit the mason, to work over the
surface without damage to bedding mortar.
➢ Immediately before laying tiles, neat cement slurry is spread over the bedding
mortar and the tiles are then fixed over the slurry grout.
➢ Each tile is gently tapped with a wooden mallet till it is properly bedded and levelled.
➢ The joints in the tiles should be as thin as possible and should be in straight lines.
➢ After laying, the joints are cleaned off all dirt and mortar to a depth of 2 to 3 mm.
with the help of wire brush or trowel and then flush pointed with white or colored
cement to suit the colour of the tiles.
➢ The flooring is cured for seven days. and thereafter washed before use.
(iii) GLAZED TILE FLOORING
Laying Process

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P.V.C. tiles are now manufactured in variety of shades and design and are being commonly used in
residential as well as non-residential buildings. It gives a decorative floor finish which is resilient,
smooth and can be cleaned easily.
(iv) PVC TILE FLOORING
Introduction

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➢ It can be laid over a prepared base which can be of concrete, timber etc..
➢ Prior to laying the tiles, it is necessary to see that the base is perfectly dry and
brought to the temperature at which it will be while in use.
➢ The layout of the P.V.C. tiles (to the required design/pattern) is marked on the
base with the help of guide lines.
➢ Adhesive of specified make is thereafter applied on the base and the back of the
P.V.C. tiles with the help of a notched trowel.
➢ Laying of tile commence when the adhesive has set sufficiently (say within half
an hour).
➢ After laying, the tiles are pressed suitably with wooden rollers (weighting 5 kg.)
to ensure intimate contact with the base.
➢ Extra adhesive that oozes out is wiped off and the flooring is finally cleaned with
warm soap water before use.
(iv) PVC TILE FLOORING
Laying Process

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Merits:
i. It is non-absorbent.
ii. It is easily repairable in patches.
iii. It offers pleasant appearance.
iv. It is durable.
v. It permits quick laying of floor.
vi. It is resistant to wear and has fairly good strength.
Demerits:
i. This type of construction is very costly both in initial cost aswell as in maintenance.
ii. Terrazo tile and glazed tile flooring becomes slippery whenwet.
iii. PVC tile flooring gets damaged when in contact with burningobjects like paper,
match stick etc.
Merits & Demerits TILED FLOORING

C
This type of flooring is commonly used both in residential as well as public buildings.
CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING
Introduction

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The method of laying cement concrete flooring on ground floor of a building can be
broadly divided in the following steps.
➢ Preparation of sub-base. The earth filling in plinth is consolidated thoroughly so as
to ensure that no loose pockets are left in the whole area. A 10 to 15 cm. thick layer
of clean coarse sand is then spread over the whole area. The sand layer a
consolidated and dressed to the required level and slope.
➢ Laying of base concrete. The base concrete used under floors may be cement
concrete or lime concrete laid to a thickness varying from 7-5 to 10 cm. In case of
cement concrete, the mix commonly used is 1:5:10 (1 cement: 5 sand: 10 stone or
over burnt brick aggregates 40 mm. nominal size). Lime concrete, if used, should be
made up out of 40 mm. nominal size stone/over burnt brick aggregate and 40%
mortar comprising of 1 lime 2 sand/surkhi or 1 lime 1 surkhi/ash: 1 sand.
➢ The base concrete layer is deposited over thoroughly tamped and levelled to a
rough surface.
Laying Process

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Laying Process
Laying the topping
➢ When the base concrete layer has fully set and hardened, its surface is thoroughly
cleaned and the entire area is divided into rectangular or square panels by use of 4
mm. thick glass strips or 5 mm. thick plain asbestos strips.
➢ The size of panel is basically governed by the location of floor (exposed or indoor),
temperature and other climatic conditions, thickness of topping and proportions of
ingredients in concrete mix. etc. In general, the area of one such panel should not
preferably be more than 2 sq. m.
➢ The surface of base concrete should be made damp and applied with a coat of neat
cement slurry prior to laying the topping., The rough finished surface of base
concrete coated with cement slurry ensures adequate bond between the base and
the topping.
➢ The cement concrete topping, normally consisting of 1:2:4 (1 cement :2 sand: 4
stone aggregate) is then laid in required thickness in one operation in the panels.
The concrete is spread evenly by using a straight edge and the surface is thoroughly
tamped and floated with wooden floates till the cream of the mortar comes at top.
The surface is then smoothened and finally finished by means of steel trowels.

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Laying Process
➢ In case glass or plain asbestos strips are not required, the panels are formed by use
of wooden or angle iron battens. The battens should have depth equivalent to that
of concrete topping.
➢ The surface of the battens which is to come in contact with concrete, is coated with
raw linseed oil before concreting. Concrete for the topping is then laid in alternate
panels and finished as described above. The battens used for forming panels are
removed next day and the topping concrete laid in the alternate panels.
➢ In case the cement concrete flooring is to be laid over R.C.C. slab, it is usual to allow
the slab concrete to harden and then lay the flooring. Prior to laying, the slab top is
cleaned of all dirt, dus loose particles, mortar droppings and debris etc. and the
flooring laid as described under the sub-head 'laying of topping' above.
➢ In order to prevent the tendency of separation of the cement concrete flooring from
the R.C.C. slab, a 20 mm. thick cushioning layer of lime mortar (1 lime: 2 sand/surkhi
or/lime: 1 surkhi/sand) or 50 to 75 mm. thick lime concrete is sometimes provided
between the R.C.C. slab and the cement concrete flooring.

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Merits & Demerits
Merits:
➢ It is non-absorbent and thus it is very useful for water stores.
➢ It is durable and hence it is commonly used in kitchens, bathrooms, schools,
hospitals, drawing rooms etc.
➢ It is smooth and pleasing in appearance.
➢ It is economical and has the advantages of costlier types of floors.
➢ It possesses good wearing properties and can be easily maintained clean.
Demerits:
➢ Defects in carelessly made floor cannot be rectified, such, it requires proper
attention while laying.
➢ It cannot be satisfactorily repaired by patch work.

C
On account of its decorative and good wearing properties, this type of flooring is becoming very
popular these days and is being commonly provided in offices, schools, hospitals, residential
buildings, banks etc. Terrazzo is a concrete surface with special aggregate of marble chips (or other
decorative material) mixed with white and/or coloured cement in proportion of 3:1 (three marble
chips: one cement) The aggregates are exposed by grinding the surface mechanically or manually.
The flooring may be laid in different thicknesses.
TERRAZO FLOORING
Introduction

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TERRAZO FLOORING
The construction of 40 mm. thick flooring is described below.
➢ The operations of the preparation of sub-base and laying of base concrete are
carried out in similar manner as described earlier in case of cement concrete
flooring.
➢ The 40 mm. thick flooring will consist of a 6 mm. thick layer of terrazzo topping and
34 mm. thick under layer of cement concrete 1:2:4.
➢ Prior to laying flooring, the whole area is divided into suitable panels by use of
dividing strips (made from copper, brass, aluminium or glass) of thickness not less
than 1.5 mm. and width not less than 25 mm. In order to reduce the risk of cracking,
the area of one panel should not exceed two square metre.
➢ The surface of base concrete should be cleaned of all dirt, mortar dropping debris
etc. and then wetted with water. Prior to laying the cement concrete under layer,
the wet surface of base concrete is smeared with a coat of neat cement slurry to
ensure proper bond between the base concrete and flooring.
Laying Process

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TERRAZO FLOORING
Laying Process
➢ The concrete under layer is then spread, consolidated, levelled, and finished to a
slightly rough surface. When the under layer has hardened sufficiently, already
prepared plastic terrazzo mixture is laid over the treated under-layer of concrete
and compacted thoroughly by tamping or rolling.
➢ The terrazzo mixture consists of one part of cement (white or coloured) or a mixture
of the two mixed with two to three parts of marble chips with water just sufficient
to make it a workable mix.
➢ During tamping or rolling, it should be ensured that at least 80% of the finished
surface should show exposed marble chip aggregates and necessary additional
marble chips may be added during the process of tamping or rolling to satisfy this
condition.
➢ After tamping or rolling, the surface is floated and troweled and left to dry out for
12 to 18 hours. After this period the surface is cured under standing water for 2
days.

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TERRAZO FLOORING
➢ Thereafter surface is subject to first grinding by machine by use of carborundum
stones of coarse grade (No. 60). The whole surface is then scrabbed using plenty of
water.
➢ All pores and holes (if any) are then filled with cement grout (using the same
coloured cement as in the original mix for terrazzo topping) and the surface coated
with neat cement grout of cream like consistency.
➢ The surface is again cured for five to seven days and second grinding is carried out
by machine by using carborundum stones of fine grade (No. 120).
➢ In the similar manner, the surface is cleaned and repaired as before and cured again
for a period of 4 to 5 days and subjected to third grinding by machine by using
carborundum stones of 320 grit size.
➢ The finished surface is finally worked with dilute oxalic acid solution. The floor is
finally polished by floor polishing machine fitted with felt or hessian bobs, till it
shines.
Laying Process

MOSAIC FLOORING
Introduction
C

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MOSAIC FLOORING
➢ Over the hard base concrete bed, a 5 cm. to 6 cm. thick layer of lime surkhi mortar
is spread in a small area.
➢ The area taken is such that the flooring can be easily completed in that portion
without the mortar getting dry.
➢ On this a layer of paste consisting of two parts of sifted slaked lime, one part of
powdered marble and one part of puzzolana is laid in thickness not exceeding 3
mm.
➢ This surface is left to get dry for four hours. Tiles or marble pieces, cut to the desired
shapes, are then hammered on this surface in the desired pattern.
➢ The surface is gently rolled by light stone roller about 30 cm. in diameter and 45 to
60 cm in length. Rolling is done till the tile or marble pieces form an even surface
and are cemented together properly.
➢ The surface is allowed to dry for a day and then polished by rubbing it with pumice
stone fitted with long wooden handle. The polished surface is finally allowed to dry
for some weeks before use.
Laying Process

MARBLE FLOORING
C
Marble flooring is commonly provided in places of worship (temples, churches, mosques,
gurudwaras etc.) and in public buildings having rich specifications. In view of high cost of material,
use of marble flooring in residential buildings in normally restricted to areas like kitchen, bath room,
entrance etc. The size of marble slabs to be used in flooring depends upon the pattern to be
adopted. The slabs for normal works are square or rectangular in shape and their thickness varies
from 20 mm to 40 mm.
Introduction

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➢ The flooring is laid on prepared sub-grade of concrete or on the R.C.C. floor slab.
Prior to laying flooring, the sub-grade in cleaned, wetted and mopped properly. A
layer of bedding mortar which can be 1:4 cement mortar (1 cement :4 coarse sand)
or lime mortar (1 lime putty: 1 surkhi : 1 coarse sand) is spread in average thickness
of about 20 mm. under the area of each slab.
➢ The marble slab is laid on top of the bedding mortar, pressed and tapped with
wooden mallet and brought to the level with the already laid adjoining slabs. The
slab is thereafter lifted up and placed aside.
➢ The top surface of the bedding mortar is then corrected by adding mortar at
hollows. After the bedding mortar is hardened slightly, cement slurry is spread over
the same. at the rate of 4.4 kg of cement per sq m.
➢ The edges of the slab already laid are then smeared with cement slurry of the same
shade as that of the marble slab and the slab to be paved is again placed in position
and tapped with wooden mallet till it is properly bedded in level with the adjoining
slabs. The joint between two slabs has to be very fine (paper thick). The cement
that oozes out of the joint is cleaned. Remaining slabs are also laid in the same
manner and the flooring work completed. The paved area is cured for a minimum
period of seven days.
MARBLE FLOORING
Laying Process

TIMBER FLOORING
Introduction
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In hilly areas, where the climate is damp and wood is easily available, wooden floors prove
economical and as such are commonly used. Its use is not extensive in other places. However, they
are used for dancing halls, carpentry halls, auditoriums etc. In this type of floor, prevention of
dampness is of great importance and hence every precaution is taken to check the dampness from
rising above.

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TIMBER FLOORING
Laying Process
➢ The entire area of ground below the floor is covered with a 15 cm. layer of cement
concrete. This layer is called "site or oversite concrete".
➢ Timber floors essentially consist of boarding supported on timber joists called
bridging joists or floor joists which are nailed to wall plates at their ends and
supported by intermediate walls called sleeper or dwarf walls, along their length.
➢ The sleeper walls are generally 10 cm. thick and are honey-combed. They are
intended to reduce the span for the floor joists. The sleeper walls are seldom
spaced more than 18 m. apart and are honey-combed to enable free circulation of
air in the space below the floor.
➢ Longitudinal timber members called 'sleeper plates' are fixed on the top of sleeper
walls. The floor joists are secured to the sleeper walls by being nailed to the sleeper
wall plates.
➢ A damp-proof course layer is laid immediately below the wall plates to prevent the
rising of dampness. The hollow space between the flooring and the oversite
concrete is kept dry and fully ventilated.

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The selection of flooring material is done based on the following factors:
➢ Initial cost
➢ Durability
➢ Hardness
➢ Smoothness
➢ Cleanliness
➢ Appearance
➢ Sound insulation
➢ Thermal insulation
➢ Damp proof
➢ Fire resistance
➢ Maintenance
FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF FLOORING MATERIAL

Glass Flooring
Glass is used as flooring material for special conditions like to transmit light from upper floor to lower floor etc. They are
available in tiles which are fixed in closely spaced frames. Even though it is very costly it provides beautiful appearance.
OTHER FLOORING MATERIALS

Ceramic Flooring
Ceramic tiles are famous floor covering materials. Ceramic is inorganic material and it possess
properties like good compressive resistance, brittleness and hardness etc..

Plastic Flooring Tiles
Plastic tiles or poly vinyl chloride (PVC) tiles are widely used nowadays which are laid on concrete base.
These tiles are available in different shapes, sizes and colors. Plastic tiles are of slippery nature and can get
easily damaged by fire.

Cork Flooring
Cork is obtained from the cork oak tree. It is used as flooring material in the form of carpets. These carpets are
noiseless and are required mainly in libraries, theaters etc. Cork tiles are also available which are made from high
graded cork bar using compression in moldings.

Linoleum Flooring
Linoleum is the product obtained by oxidizing linseed oil in gum, resins, pigments, cork dust etc.
It is available in sheets which is generally used as covering for concrete or wooden flooring. The
sheets may be plain or design printed.

Asphalt Flooring
Asphalt is highly viscous liquid form of petroleum. Asphalt is used as flooring material in different ways.
If asphalt and sand are mixed in 1:2 proportion then it is called asphalt mastic which is poured on
concrete base as flooring cover. If sand is replaced by marble chips then it is called as asphalt mosaic.
Asphalt tiles are also available which are prepared from the asphalt fibers, inert materials and mineral
pigments.

Rubber Flooring Tiles
Rubber tiles or sheets are also available in market for flooring purposes. They
are made from pure rubber which is mixed with cotton fibers, asbestos fiber.
Suitable adhesives are used to fix the rubber tiles with concrete or wooden
base. Rubber flooring is noiseless and provided in libraries, offices etc.

Tyoes of Flooring

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Tyoes of Flooring