Course Material in 2004

1. Introduction to GPRSIntroduction to GPRS
(General Packet Radio Service)(General Packet Radio Service)
Frank Fang Kuo YuFrank Fang Kuo Yu
2004/02/122004/02/12

2. Wireless Internet Access via GPRSWireless Internet Access via GPRS
GPRS
network
GPRS
network
IP
internet
IP
internet
airair
interfaceinterface
RS-232RS-232
cablecable
• voicevoice →→ datadata
• circuit switchcircuit switch →→ packet switchpacket switch
• statistical multiplexingstatistical multiplexing
• multiple channels for downlink and uplinkmultiple channels for downlink and uplink
• quality of servicequality of service
User Data
Rate
CS1CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4
1 Timeslot 9.05
kbps
13.4
kbps
15.6
kbps
21.4
kbps
8 Timeslot 72.4
kbps
107.2
kbps
124.8
kbps
171.2
kbps

3. AgendaAgenda
 GSM 02.60 and GSM 03.60 OverviewGSM 02.60 and GSM 03.60 Overview
 Services and Quality of ServiceServices and Quality of Service
 System ArchitectureSystem Architecture
 Transmission MechanismsTransmission Mechanisms
 Wireless Internet AccessWireless Internet Access
 GSM/GPRS CoexistenceGSM/GPRS Coexistence
 TTPCom Software ImplementationTTPCom Software Implementation

4. GSM 02.60 and GSM 03.60 OverviewGSM 02.60 and GSM 03.60 Overview
 GPRS ~ a set of new GSM bearer servicesGPRS ~ a set of new GSM bearer services
 provides packet mode transmission within the PLMN andprovides packet mode transmission within the PLMN and
interworks with external networksinterworks with external networks
 GSM 02.60 ~ GPRS Service Description Stage 1GSM 02.60 ~ GPRS Service Description Stage 1
 an overall service description from the servicean overall service description from the service
subscriber’s and user’s standpointsubscriber’s and user’s standpoint
 GSM 03.60 ~ GPRS Service Description Stage 2GSM 03.60 ~ GPRS Service Description Stage 2
 the functional capabilities and information flows neededthe functional capabilities and information flows needed
to support the service described in stage 1to support the service described in stage 1

5. GPRS ServicesGPRS Services
 Point-To-Point Connectionless Network ServicePoint-To-Point Connectionless Network Service
(PTP-CLNS)(PTP-CLNS)
 Supports Internet Protocol (IP)Supports Internet Protocol (IP)
 Point-To-Point Connection Orientated NetworkPoint-To-Point Connection Orientated Network
Service (PTP-CONS)Service (PTP-CONS)
 Supports Connection Orientated Network ProtocolSupports Connection Orientated Network Protocol
(CONP), i.e., the X.25 packet level protocol(CONP), i.e., the X.25 packet level protocol

6. GPRS Quality of Service (QoS)GPRS Quality of Service (QoS)
 PrecedencePrecedence ~~ 33 precedence classesprecedence classes
 DelayDelay ~~ 44 delay classesdelay classes
 ReliabilityReliability ~~ 55 reliability classesreliability classes**
 Peak ThroughputPeak Throughput ~~ 99 peak throughput classespeak throughput classes
 Mean ThroughputMean Throughput ~~ 1919 mean throughput classesmean throughput classes
 QoS ProfilesQoS Profiles
 Subscribed QoSSubscribed QoS
 Requested QoSRequested QoS
 Negotiated QoSNegotiated QoS
 Minimum Acceptable QoSMinimum Acceptable QoS

7. MPEG Video and Quality of ServiceMPEG Video and Quality of Service
 The MPEG-1 standardThe MPEG-1 standard
 established in 1992established in 1992
 designed to produce reasonable quality images and sounddesigned to produce reasonable quality images and sound
at low bit ratesat low bit rates
 e.g., 352x288 images with VHS quality at 1.5 Mbits/sece.g., 352x288 images with VHS quality at 1.5 Mbits/sec
 The MPEG-2 standardThe MPEG-2 standard
 established in 1994established in 1994
 designed to produce higher quality images at higher bitdesigned to produce higher quality images at higher bit
ratesrates
 e.g., 720x480 studio quality CCIR-601 images at up to 15e.g., 720x480 studio quality CCIR-601 images at up to 15
Mbits/secMbits/sec

8. MPEG Video Decoder and Data HierarchyMPEG Video Decoder and Data Hierarchy
General MPEGGeneral MPEG
Decoding SystemDecoding System
MPEGMPEG
Data HierarchyData Hierarchy

9. MPEG Video Stream CompositionMPEG Video Stream Composition

10. QoS Attribute ~ precedence classesQoS Attribute ~ precedence classes

11. QoS Attribute ~ delay classesQoS Attribute ~ delay classes

12. QoS Attribute ~ reliability classesQoS Attribute ~ reliability classes (03.60)(03.60)

13. QoS Attribute ~ reliability classesQoS Attribute ~ reliability classes (02.60)(02.60)

14. QoS Attribute ~ peak throughput classesQoS Attribute ~ peak throughput classes

15. QoS Attribute ~ mean throughput classesQoS Attribute ~ mean throughput classes

16. Access Interfaces and Reference PointsAccess Interfaces and Reference Points

17. Network ArchitectureNetwork Architecture
SGSN Serving GPRS Support NodeSGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support NodeGGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node

18. Access PointsAccess Points
UmUm :: radio interface between theradio interface between the
mobile station and the GPRSmobile station and the GPRS
fixed network partfixed network part
GiGi :: reference point between GPRSreference point between GPRS
and an external packet dataand an external packet data
networknetwork
RR :: reference point between areference point between a
non-ISDN compatible TE andnon-ISDN compatible TE and
MTMT
SS :: ISDN compatible bearerISDN compatible bearer
service reference pointservice reference point
MSMS : mobile station: mobile station
MTMT :: mobile terminationmobile termination
TETE :: terminal equipmentterminal equipment
TATA :: ISDN terminal adaptingISDN terminal adapting
functionsfunctions

19. Wireless Internet Access via GPRSWireless Internet Access via GPRS
GPRS
network
GPRS
network
MTMT (DCE)(DCE)
RR
referencereference
pointpoint
UmUm
interfaceinterface
TETE (DTE)(DTE)
IP
internet
IP
internet
MSMS
GiGi
referencereference
pointpoint
SGSNSGSN
GGSNGGSN
SGSNSGSN

20. Transmission MechanismsTransmission Mechanisms
 Signaling PlaneSignaling Plane
 protocols for control and support of the transmissionprotocols for control and support of the transmission
plane functions:plane functions:
– controlling the GPRS network access connectionscontrolling the GPRS network access connections
– controlling the attributes of an established network accesscontrolling the attributes of an established network access
connectionconnection
– controlling the routing path of an established network connectioncontrolling the routing path of an established network connection
– controlling the assignment of network resources to meet changingcontrolling the assignment of network resources to meet changing
user demandsuser demands
 Transmission PlaneTransmission Plane
 a layered protocol structure providing user informationa layered protocol structure providing user information
transfertransfer

21. Signaling Plane ~ MS - SGSNSignaling Plane ~ MS - SGSN

22. Transmission PlaneTransmission Plane

23. Wireless Internet AccessWireless Internet Access
1.1. MS becomes a member of GPRS network:MS becomes a member of GPRS network: GMM attachGMM attach
2. MS becomes a member of IP network:2. MS becomes a member of IP network: SM activateSM activate
3. MS transfers data from and to the Internet:3. MS transfers data from and to the Internet: SNDCPSNDCP
4. MS leaves the IP network:4. MS leaves the IP network: SM deactivateSM deactivate
5. MS leaves the GPRS network:5. MS leaves the GPRS network: GMM detachGMM detach

24. Wireless Internet Access (1/5)Wireless Internet Access (1/5)
1. MS becomes a member of GPRS network:1. MS becomes a member of GPRS network: GMM attachGMM attach
2. MS becomes a member of IP network: SM activate2. MS becomes a member of IP network: SM activate
3. MS transfers data from and to the Internet: SNDCP3. MS transfers data from and to the Internet: SNDCP
4. MS leaves the IP network: SM deactivate4. MS leaves the IP network: SM deactivate
5. MS leaves the GPRS network: GMM detach5. MS leaves the GPRS network: GMM detach

25. Mobility ManagementMobility Management
 ObjectiveObjective
 Keeps track of the current location of an MSKeeps track of the current location of an MS ——
attach, detach, cell update, and routing area updateattach, detach, cell update, and routing area update
 Attach and DetachAttach and Detach
 AT command for Attach and DetachAT command for Attach and Detach
 Registration Services for GMMREG-SAPRegistration Services for GMMREG-SAP
 Services Sequence DiagramServices Sequence Diagram

26. Signaling Plane : Mobility ManagementSignaling Plane : Mobility Management

27. AT Command for Attach and DetachAT Command for Attach and Detach

28. Registration Services for GMMREG-SAPRegistration Services for GMMREG-SAP

29. Services Sequence Diagram ~ AttachServices Sequence Diagram ~ Attach

30. Services Sequence Diagram ~ AttachServices Sequence Diagram ~ Attach (Cont’d)(Cont’d)

31. GMM Cause ~ why a GMM request is rejected?GMM Cause ~ why a GMM request is rejected?

32. AT Command for Reporting ErrorsAT Command for Reporting Errors

33. Errors related to a Failure to Perform An AttachErrors related to a Failure to Perform An Attach
 103103 Illegal MS (#3)Illegal MS (#3)
 106106 Illegal ME (#6)Illegal ME (#6)
 107107 GPRS services not allowed (#7)GPRS services not allowed (#7)
 111111 PLMN not allowed (#11)PLMN not allowed (#11)
 112112 Location area not allowed (#12)Location area not allowed (#12)
 113113 Roaming not allowed in this location area (#13)Roaming not allowed in this location area (#13)
 values in parentheses are GSM 04.08 cause codesvalues in parentheses are GSM 04.08 cause codes

34. Wireless Internet Access (2/5)Wireless Internet Access (2/5)
1. MS becomes a member of GPRS network: GMM attach1. MS becomes a member of GPRS network: GMM attach
2. MS becomes a member of IP network:2. MS becomes a member of IP network: SM activateSM activate
3. MS transfers data from and to the Internet: SNDCP3. MS transfers data from and to the Internet: SNDCP
4. MS leaves the IP network: SM deactivate4. MS leaves the IP network: SM deactivate
5. MS leaves the GPRS network: GMM detach5. MS leaves the GPRS network: GMM detach

35. Session ManagementSession Management
 ObjectiveObjective
 Establishes the endpoints of a connection andEstablishes the endpoints of a connection and
negotiates the quality of service for the connectionnegotiates the quality of service for the connection ——
defining, activating, and deactivating PDP (Packet Datadefining, activating, and deactivating PDP (Packet Data
Protocol) contextProtocol) context
 Define, Activate and Deactivate PDP contextDefine, Activate and Deactivate PDP context
 AT commands for defining PDP context and QoS profilesAT commands for defining PDP context and QoS profiles
 AT commands for activating and deactivating PDPAT commands for activating and deactivating PDP
contextscontexts
 Session Management Services for SMREG-SAPSession Management Services for SMREG-SAP
 Services Sequence DiagramServices Sequence Diagram

36. Signaling Plane : Session ManagementSignaling Plane : Session Management

37. AT Command for PDP Context DefinitionAT Command for PDP Context Definition

38. AT Command For Defining RequestedAT Command For Defining Requested
QoS ProfileQoS Profile

39. AT Command for Defining MinimumAT Command for Defining Minimum
Acceptable QoS ProfileAcceptable QoS Profile

40. AT Command for PDP ContextAT Command for PDP Context
Activate and DeactivateActivate and Deactivate

41. Session Management Services for SMREG-SAPSession Management Services for SMREG-SAP

42. Services Sequence DiagramServices Sequence Diagram
MS Initiated, PDP Context ActivationMS Initiated, PDP Context Activation

43. SM Cause ~ why a SM request is rejected?SM Cause ~ why a SM request is rejected?

44. Errors related to a Failure to Activate a ContextErrors related to a Failure to Activate a Context
 132132 Service option not allowed (#32)Service option not allowed (#32)
 133133 Requested service option not subscribed (#33)Requested service option not subscribed (#33)
 134134 Service option temporarily out of order (#34)Service option temporarily out of order (#34)
 149149 PDP authentication failurePDP authentication failure
 values in parentheses are GSM 04.08 cause codesvalues in parentheses are GSM 04.08 cause codes

45. Wireless Internet Access (3/5)Wireless Internet Access (3/5)
1. MS becomes a member of GPRS network: GMM attach1. MS becomes a member of GPRS network: GMM attach
2. MS becomes a member of IP network: SM activate2. MS becomes a member of IP network: SM activate
3. MS transfers data from and to the Internet:3. MS transfers data from and to the Internet: SNDCPSNDCP
4. MS leaves the IP network: SM deactivate4. MS leaves the IP network: SM deactivate
5. MS leaves the GPRS network: GMM detach5. MS leaves the GPRS network: GMM detach

46. Transmission Plane : SNDCPTransmission Plane : SNDCP

47. SSububnnetworketwork DDependentependent CConvergenceonvergence PProtocolrotocol
 UsedUsed in MS and SGSNin MS and SGSN
 Multiplexing of several PDPsMultiplexing of several PDPs
 Compression and decompression of user dataCompression and decompression of user data
and protocol control informationand protocol control information
 Segmentation of Network Protocol Data UnitSegmentation of Network Protocol Data Unit
(N-PDU) into Logical Link Control Protocol Data(N-PDU) into Logical Link Control Protocol Data
Units (LL-PDUs) and reassembly of LL-PDUsUnits (LL-PDUs) and reassembly of LL-PDUs
into an N-PDUinto an N-PDU

48. AT Command for Entering Data StateAT Command for Entering Data State

49. SNDCP Service PrimitivesSNDCP Service Primitives

50. Services Sequence DiagramServices Sequence Diagram
Data/SMS TransferData/SMS Transfer

51. PPP in Terminal EquipmentPPP in Terminal Equipment

52. PPP : Point-to-Point ProtocolPPP : Point-to-Point Protocol
 Used inUsed in TE and MTTE and MT oror TE and GGSNTE and GGSN
 A method for encapsulating multi-protocolA method for encapsulating multi-protocol
datagramsdatagrams
 A Link Control Protocol (LCP) for establishing,A Link Control Protocol (LCP) for establishing,
configuring, and testing the data link connectionconfiguring, and testing the data link connection
 A family of Network Control Protocols (NCPs)A family of Network Control Protocols (NCPs)
for establishing and configuring differentfor establishing and configuring different
network-layer protocolsnetwork-layer protocols

53. Data Transfer in IP Based ServiceData Transfer in IP Based Service

54. Data Transfer in PPP Based ServiceData Transfer in PPP Based Service

55. GSM/GPRS CoexistenceGSM/GPRS Coexistence
Three GPRS Mobile Station Operation ModesThree GPRS Mobile Station Operation Modes
(1)(1) Class A Mode of OperationClass A Mode of Operation : the MS is attached to: the MS is attached to
bothboth GPRS and other GSM services, and the MSGPRS and other GSM services, and the MS
supportssupports simultaneoussimultaneous operation of GPRS and otheroperation of GPRS and other
GSM services.GSM services.
(2)(2) Class B Mode of OperationClass B Mode of Operation : the MS is attached to: the MS is attached to
bothboth GPRS and other GSM services, but the MS canGPRS and other GSM services, but the MS can onlyonly
operateoperate oneone set of services at a time.set of services at a time.
(3)(3) Class C Mode of OperationClass C Mode of Operation : the MS is attached to: the MS is attached to
eithereither GPRSGPRS oror other GSM services.other GSM services.**

56. AT Command for Defining MS ClassAT Command for Defining MS Class

57. GPRS Class A and Class B MSGPRS Class A and Class B MS

58. TTPCom GSM/GPRS Software ArchitectureTTPCom GSM/GPRS Software Architecture
S I M A T
D a t a S w it c h
A G
A F
P P P A T ( C I )
A B
C C S S
S M S /
G S M S M M P M G P
ANRM
C C
C C S S
S M S /
G S M S
G P R S
‘ S t a c k ’
S M S N D C P
D a t a o n B o a r d
‘ S t a c k ’
R T F D P /
U F D P
SIM
M M / G M M L L C
R R / G R R
G S M L a y e r 2
SIM
NVRAM
G S M / G P R S L a y e r 1
Display
U A R T
G e n e r ic
K e r n e l
I n t e r f a c e
T r a ff ic
M e m o r y
M a n a g e r
R L C / M A C
( R D )
M A C M a n a g e r
E x t e n d e d
B l o c k
M e m o r y
M a n a g e r
VoyagerVoyager

59. Documents and SoftwareDocuments and Software
 TTPCom GPRS documents and softwareTTPCom GPRS documents and software
 Tplgsm/docs/gpTplgsm/docs/gp
 Tplgsm/gpcodeTplgsm/gpcode
 Tplgsm/gpincTplgsm/gpinc
 TTPCom Voyager documents and softwareTTPCom Voyager documents and software
 Tplgsm/docs/vgTplgsm/docs/vg
 Tplgsm/vgcodeTplgsm/vgcode
 Tplgsm/vgincTplgsm/vginc

60. ConclusionConclusion
 GSM 02.60 & GSM 03.60 OverviewGSM 02.60 & GSM 03.60 Overview
 Services and Quality of ServiceServices and Quality of Service
 System ArchitectureSystem Architecture
 Transmission MechanismsTransmission Mechanisms
 Wireless Internet AccessWireless Internet Access
 GSM/GPRS CoexistenceGSM/GPRS Coexistence
 TTPCom Software ImplementationTTPCom Software Implementation