This document discusses different operating systems that support embedded systems. It begins by defining embedded systems and their increasing use in various applications like consumer electronics, medical devices, transportation systems, and wireless sensor networks. It then examines several commonly used operating systems for embedded systems like QNX, Windows CE, Linux, and domain-specific operating systems for sensor networks. For each OS, it provides details on features like architecture, scheduling algorithms, memory management, and language support. It concludes by characterizing embedded systems as either standalone or networked systems and provides examples of each type.
This document discusses a security system project that uses fingerprint and keypad authentication to allow authorized individuals access. The system is programmed using an embedded microcontroller and C language. When a person places their finger on the reader, the system will check if they are authorized and prompt for a pin entry via keypad or mobile. If authorized, a message is sent to their mobile via GSM technology. The system aims to provide low-cost, automated security access for applications like ATMs.
EFFECTIVE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS SOFTWARE DESIGN METHODOLOGIEScscpconf
This document discusses effective embedded systems software design methodologies. It begins with an introduction to the need to improve engineering curricula to include subjects like embedded systems and multiprocessor system-on-chip design. It then discusses multiprocessor system-on-chip and embedded programming. Key steps in the design methodology are outlined, including system specification, hardware/software partitioning, use of real-time operating systems, and embedded C programming. Applications of embedded systems are also mentioned. The document concludes that the demand for skilled graduates in embedded systems will increase and subjects must be taught effectively to meet industry needs.
Embedded Web Server based Interactive data acquisition and Control SystemIOSR Journals
This document summarizes an embedded web server based interactive data acquisition and control system. The system uses an ARM9 processor running RTLinux to both acquire data from sensors and control industrial devices. It allows remote monitoring and control via a web browser. The ARM9 handles data acquisition, control functions, and an embedded web server simultaneously. Analog sensor signals are converted to digital with an ADC and stored in external memory. The web server portion allows clients to access the stored data and send control instructions via HTML pages to the ARM9 over Ethernet. This embedded single-board solution provides real-time data acquisition and control with remote access capabilities.
Embedded Web Server based Interactive data acquisition and Control SystemIOSR Journals
This document summarizes an embedded web server based interactive data acquisition and control system. The system uses an ARM9 processor running RTLinux to both acquire data from sensors and control industrial devices. It allows remote monitoring and control via a web browser. The ARM9 handles data acquisition, control functions, and an embedded web server simultaneously. Analog sensor signals are converted to digital with an ADC and stored in external memory. The web server portion allows clients to access the stored data and send control instructions via HTML pages. This embedded single-board solution provides reliable real-time data acquisition and remote control capabilities with low resource usage.
This document discusses Dockerization as a replacement for virtual machines (VMs) to enable computational replication. It outlines some of the challenges with using VMs for computational replication, including dependency issues, software dynamicity, limited documentation, and barriers to adoption. The document then introduces Docker as a solution, describing how Docker images can help address dependency issues and how Docker simplifies updating software. Key features of Docker that enable effective computational replication are also highlighted, such as development over local environments, effective configuration, enhanced productivity, and application isolation through containers.
Ant colony Optimization: A Solution of Load balancing in Cloud dannyijwest
As the cloud computing is a new style of computing over internet. It has many advantages along with some
crucial issues to be resolved in order to improve reliability of cloud environment. These issues are related
with the load management, fault tolerance and different security issues in cloud environment. In this paper
the main concern is load balancing in cloud computing. The load can be CPU load, memory capacity,
delay or network load. Load balancing is the process of distributing the load among various nodes of a
distributed system to improve both resource utilization and job response time while also avoiding a
situation where some of the nodes are heavily loaded while other nodes are idle or doing very little work.
Load balancing ensures that all the processor in the system or every node in the network does
approximately the equal amount of work at any instant of time. Many methods to resolve this problem has
been came into existence like Particle Swarm Optimization, hash method, genetic algorithms and several
scheduling based algorithms are there. In this paper we are proposing a method based on Ant Colony
optimization to resolve the problem of load balancing in cloud environment.
Virtualized Web Desktop Towards A Faster Web Cloud Operating Systemijbuiiir1
All Operating Systems provide interface to users and inherent applications running on a system. Today with the advancement in the field of cloud computing, its services are in high demand. The Cloud is becoming an active paradigm of computation through services. However, such services do not prove to be very efficient in slow networks. Thus, the paper intends to achieve faster response of services provided by the Cloud infrastructure through the use of a new mechanism of servicing client requests. The focus of the paper is to realize most operating system functions at the client side over the Cloud infrastructure using the virtualization technique. It also proposes to overcome the issues present in the current infrastructure service and resulting in a faster service
This document discusses a security system project that uses fingerprint and keypad authentication to allow authorized individuals access. The system is programmed using an embedded microcontroller and C language. When a person places their finger on the reader, the system will check if they are authorized and prompt for a pin entry via keypad or mobile. If authorized, a message is sent to their mobile via GSM technology. The system aims to provide low-cost, automated security access for applications like ATMs.
EFFECTIVE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS SOFTWARE DESIGN METHODOLOGIEScscpconf
This document discusses effective embedded systems software design methodologies. It begins with an introduction to the need to improve engineering curricula to include subjects like embedded systems and multiprocessor system-on-chip design. It then discusses multiprocessor system-on-chip and embedded programming. Key steps in the design methodology are outlined, including system specification, hardware/software partitioning, use of real-time operating systems, and embedded C programming. Applications of embedded systems are also mentioned. The document concludes that the demand for skilled graduates in embedded systems will increase and subjects must be taught effectively to meet industry needs.
Embedded Web Server based Interactive data acquisition and Control SystemIOSR Journals
This document summarizes an embedded web server based interactive data acquisition and control system. The system uses an ARM9 processor running RTLinux to both acquire data from sensors and control industrial devices. It allows remote monitoring and control via a web browser. The ARM9 handles data acquisition, control functions, and an embedded web server simultaneously. Analog sensor signals are converted to digital with an ADC and stored in external memory. The web server portion allows clients to access the stored data and send control instructions via HTML pages to the ARM9 over Ethernet. This embedded single-board solution provides real-time data acquisition and control with remote access capabilities.
Embedded Web Server based Interactive data acquisition and Control SystemIOSR Journals
This document summarizes an embedded web server based interactive data acquisition and control system. The system uses an ARM9 processor running RTLinux to both acquire data from sensors and control industrial devices. It allows remote monitoring and control via a web browser. The ARM9 handles data acquisition, control functions, and an embedded web server simultaneously. Analog sensor signals are converted to digital with an ADC and stored in external memory. The web server portion allows clients to access the stored data and send control instructions via HTML pages. This embedded single-board solution provides reliable real-time data acquisition and remote control capabilities with low resource usage.
This document discusses Dockerization as a replacement for virtual machines (VMs) to enable computational replication. It outlines some of the challenges with using VMs for computational replication, including dependency issues, software dynamicity, limited documentation, and barriers to adoption. The document then introduces Docker as a solution, describing how Docker images can help address dependency issues and how Docker simplifies updating software. Key features of Docker that enable effective computational replication are also highlighted, such as development over local environments, effective configuration, enhanced productivity, and application isolation through containers.
Ant colony Optimization: A Solution of Load balancing in Cloud dannyijwest
As the cloud computing is a new style of computing over internet. It has many advantages along with some
crucial issues to be resolved in order to improve reliability of cloud environment. These issues are related
with the load management, fault tolerance and different security issues in cloud environment. In this paper
the main concern is load balancing in cloud computing. The load can be CPU load, memory capacity,
delay or network load. Load balancing is the process of distributing the load among various nodes of a
distributed system to improve both resource utilization and job response time while also avoiding a
situation where some of the nodes are heavily loaded while other nodes are idle or doing very little work.
Load balancing ensures that all the processor in the system or every node in the network does
approximately the equal amount of work at any instant of time. Many methods to resolve this problem has
been came into existence like Particle Swarm Optimization, hash method, genetic algorithms and several
scheduling based algorithms are there. In this paper we are proposing a method based on Ant Colony
optimization to resolve the problem of load balancing in cloud environment.
Virtualized Web Desktop Towards A Faster Web Cloud Operating Systemijbuiiir1
All Operating Systems provide interface to users and inherent applications running on a system. Today with the advancement in the field of cloud computing, its services are in high demand. The Cloud is becoming an active paradigm of computation through services. However, such services do not prove to be very efficient in slow networks. Thus, the paper intends to achieve faster response of services provided by the Cloud infrastructure through the use of a new mechanism of servicing client requests. The focus of the paper is to realize most operating system functions at the client side over the Cloud infrastructure using the virtualization technique. It also proposes to overcome the issues present in the current infrastructure service and resulting in a faster service
Review on Smart Manufacturing Based on IoT: An Industrial ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on smart manufacturing based on the Internet of Things (IoT) for industrial applications. It discusses how IoT devices can be deployed in manufacturing facilities to monitor equipment in real-time. It also describes how cloud computing allows manufacturing resources to be accessed as needed via the cloud. This enables functions like remote monitoring of machinery status, predictive maintenance, and more efficient production scheduling. The cloud architecture supports sharing of manufacturing capabilities as cloud-based services.
Remote temperature and humidity monitoring system using wireless sensor networkseSAT Journals
Abstract Today’s world has become very advanced with smart appliances and devices like laptops, tablets, televisions. smart phones with different features and their usage has been enormously increasing in our day-to-day life. The technology advancement in Digital Electronics and Micro Electro Mechanical Systems. In this scenario the most important role is played by Wireless Sensor Networks and its development and usage in heterogeneous fields and several contexts. the home automation field and process control systems and health control systems widely uses wireless sensor networks. Moreover with WSN we can monitor environments and its conditions also. We are designing a protocol to monitor the environmental temperature and humidity at different conditions. The architecture is simple to construct and ease to implement and also has an advantage of low power consumption. The aim of our paper to describe and show how to create a simple protocol for environment monitoring using a wireless development kit. we are using advanced technology of crossbow motes and NESC Language Programming. Keywords: Motes, WSN, sensor, TinyOS, Nesc.
The document discusses requirements for an operating system for IoT devices and summarizes several popular IoT operating systems. The main requirements for an IoT OS are low memory usage, efficient use of limited resources, ability to handle concurrent tasks, flexibility to support different applications, low power usage, reliability, and support for various hardware platforms and protocols. It then summarizes LightOS, RIOT OS, Contiki OS, and TinyOS, comparing their key features such as licensing, programming models, real-time support, and supported technologies. RIOT OS stands out as offering the most support for communication technologies while also enabling multithreading and real-time capabilities under an open source license.
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
This document summarizes key infrastructure elements for cloud computing. It discusses hardware and networking resources that form the lower layer of cloud infrastructure. A hypervisor, or virtual machine manager, controls and allocates host machine resources to virtual machines. Middleware integrates applications and services across cloud elements. Cloud services include Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). Security and management policies are also important to protect data, applications, and infrastructure in the cloud.
UBIQUITOUS NETWORK TECHNICAL ROOM MONITORING SYSTEM MODEL USING WEB SERVICE cscpconf
Ubiquitous computing allows more efficient exploitation of information systems, economizes
user cost and effort to use the information system. The network technical room monitoring
problem, arising from network management practice, is important to operate the network, to
discover and resolve unpredictable situation. In addition, many of monitoring and sensor
product are shipped with closed proprietary software, and the interoperability between them is
very difficult. In this article, the author present several ubiquitous computing technologies,
propose a model of ubiquitous monitoring system for network technical room. This model
allows monitoring the network technical room remotely, via variable terminal devices and
variable communication infrastructure. The model has been implemented in Hanoi University of
Science and Technology (HUST) Network Information Centre with IP Cameras and RFID
devices.
The evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) brought about several challenges for the existing Hardware, Network and Application development. Some of these are handling real-time streaming and batch bigdata, real- time event handling, dynamic cluster resource allocation for computation, Wired and Wireless Network of Things etc. In order to combat these technicalities, many new technologies and strategies are being developed. Tiarrah Computing comes up with integration the concept of Cloud Computing, Fog Computing and Edge Computing. The main objectives of Tiarrah Computing are to decouple application deployment and achieve High Performance, Flexible Application Development, High Availability, Ease of Development, Ease of Maintenances etc. Tiarrah Computing focus on using the existing opensource technologies to overcome the challenges that evolve along with IoT. This paper gives you overview of the technologies and design your application as well as elaborate how to overcome most of existing challenge.
Implementation of the Open Source Virtualization Technologies in Cloud Computingneirew J
This document summarizes the implementation of open source virtualization technologies in cloud computing. It discusses setting up a 3 node cluster using KVM as the hypervisor with Debian GNU/Linux 7 as the base operating system. Key steps included installing Ganeti software, configuring LVM and VLAN networking, adding nodes to the cluster from the master node, and enabling DRBD for redundant storage across nodes. The goal was to create a basic virtualized infrastructure using open source tools to demonstrate cloud computing concepts.
Implementation of the Open Source Virtualization Technologies in Cloud Computingijccsa
The “Virtualization and Cloud Computing” is a recent buzzword in the digital world. Behind this fancy
poetic phrase there lies a true picture of future computing for both in technical and social perspective.
Though the “Virtualization and Cloud Computing are recent but the idea of centralizing computation and
storage in distributed data centres maintained by any third party companies is not new but it came in way
back in 1990s along with distributed computing approaches like grid computing, Clustering and Network
load Balancing. Cloud computing provide IT as a service to the users on-demand basis. This service has
greater flexibility, availability, reliability and scalability with utility computing model. This new concept of
computing has an immense potential in it to be used in the field of e-governance and in the overall IT
development perspective in developing countries like Bangladesh.
Embedded systems are specialized computer systems designed for specific tasks, often with strict requirements for performance, power consumption, and cost, and they are commonly used in devices like consumer electronics, vehicles, and industrial equipment. An embedded system combines both hardware and software components to perform dedicated functions in a larger mechanical or electrical system. Real-time operating systems are often used in embedded systems to ensure processes meet strict timing deadlines for functions like braking in a vehicle or medical monitoring equipment.
Lecture on Virtualization and Cloud Computing
Fundamentals of Virtualization
Fundamentals of Cloud Computing
Primer on Virtualization
Technologies of Cloud Computing
IRJET- Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) Understanding for Vxworks RTOS using A...IRJET Journal
The document discusses public key infrastructure (PKI) and asymmetric encryption algorithms for securing data in VxWorks real-time operating systems (RTOS). It analyzes the performance of the RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) asymmetric algorithms on a VxWorks Trusted Platform Module (TPM). The results show that ECC utilizes less memory and CPU than RSA while also having faster execution times. Therefore, the document concludes that ECC is better suited than RSA for use in VxWorks TPMs due to its increased efficiency, which can ultimately improve the overall performance of the RTOS.
Embedded-Systems-vs-Microcontrollers_-A-Comprehensive-Comparison By Embedded ...Embedded Hash
In the realm of modern electronics, embedded systems and microcontrollers play pivotal roles. While both are integral to the development of smart, automated solutions, their distinct characteristics and applications set them apart.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This paper is a comprehensive survey of the various operating systems available for the Internet of Things environment. At first the paper introduces the various aspects of the operating systems designed for the IoT environment where resource constraint poses a huge problem for the operation of the general OS designed for the various computing devices. The latter part of the paper describes the various OS available for the resource constraint IoT environment along with the various platforms each OS supports, the software development kits
available for the development of applications in the respective OS’es along with the various protocols implemented in these OS’es for the purpose of communication and networking.
Cloud computing architecture uses a client-server model to deliver computing resources over the Internet. It has two main parts - the front end and back end. The front end includes interfaces like web browsers that clients use to access cloud services. The back end is owned by infrastructure providers and manages resources like data storage, security, virtual machines, and servers to provide cloud computing services. Key components of the architecture include clients, applications, services, runtime environment, storage, infrastructure, management systems, security controls, and the Internet that connects the front and back end.
IRJET- ALPYNE - A Grid Computing FrameworkIRJET Journal
The document describes Alpyne, a grid computing framework built using Python. It aims to make setting up a grid computing system easy by providing libraries, APIs, and applications. Key features include load balancing across nodes based on their computing power, high availability, failure management, and a web UI. The framework uses Docker containers for virtualization and MongoDB for data storage, with modular interfaces that can be replaced. It aims to more easily support Python applications on grids compared to existing frameworks like Hadoop and Spark.
Embedded systems are increasingly integral parts of technology that perform dedicated functions with minimal user interaction. They are used in applications like GPS, ATMs, networking equipment, and more. Embedded systems combine dedicated hardware and software to provide specialized functionality. Their design must consider aspects like performance, cost, power consumption, and being integrated into other devices long-term. As embedded systems become connected to the internet, they will transform how people interact with devices and appliances. This will create an environment of ubiquitous connected devices that communicate for functions like remote monitoring and maintenance.
Performance of State-of-the-Art Cryptography on ARM-based MicroprocessorsHannes Tschofenig
Position paper for the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Workshop, 20th and 21st July 2015, Gaithersburg, US.
The link to the workshop is available at: http://www.nist.gov/itl/csd/ct/lwc_workshop2015.cfm
An Exploration of Grid Computing to be Utilized in Teaching and Research at TUEswar Publications
This document describes building a simple grid computing environment from existing computing resources at Taiz University in Yemen. It outlines:
1) Installing and configuring software like Globus Toolkit, Tomcat, and OGCE portal on three machines to set up basic grid services like a certificate authority server, MyProxy server, and portal server.
2) Configuring the hardware nodes, installing the portal server, setting up the certificate authority server, and MyProxy server.
3) Testing basic grid services like credential delegation to MyProxy, retrieval from MyProxy, and GridFTP file transfers.
The results indicate the proposed grid model is promising for teaching and research at Taiz University and could serve as a
On-line IDACS for Embedded Real Time ApplicationAM Publications
Design of on-line embedded web server is a challenging part of many embedded and real time data acquisition and control system applications. The World Wide Web is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billion of users worldwide and allows the user to interface many real time embedded applications like data acquisition, Industrial automations and safety measures etc,. This paper approached towards the design and development of on-line Interactive Data Acquisition and Control System (IDACS) using ARM based embedded web server. It can be a network, intelligent and digital distributed control system. Single chip IDACS method improves the processing capability of a system and overcomes the problem of poor real time and reliability. This system uses ARM9 Processor portability with Real Time Linux operating system (RTLinux RTOS) it makes the system more real time and handling various processes based on multi-tasking and reliable scheduling mechanisms. Web server application is ported into an ARM processor using embedded ‘C’ language. Web pages are written by Hyper text markup language (HTML); it is beneficial for real time IDACS, Mission critical applications, ATM networks and more. Mission critical applications, ATM networks and more.
Remarkable Sample College Application Essays ThatsFiona Phillips
This document provides instructions for requesting and receiving writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Receive the paper and authorize payment if pleased. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a refund option for plagiarism. The process aims to match clients with qualified writers and provide original, high-quality content through revisions.
The document provides instructions for conducting a fundamental analysis of the banking sector by outlining 5 steps: researching the industry and competitive landscape, analyzing major banks' financial statements, evaluating profitability and growth potential, assessing risks, and forecasting the industry's future performance to determine if the sector is a good investment. Completing this analysis allows investors to make informed investment decisions about banking sector stocks.
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Semelhante a A Survey Embedded Systems Supporting By Different Operating Systems.pdf
Review on Smart Manufacturing Based on IoT: An Industrial ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on smart manufacturing based on the Internet of Things (IoT) for industrial applications. It discusses how IoT devices can be deployed in manufacturing facilities to monitor equipment in real-time. It also describes how cloud computing allows manufacturing resources to be accessed as needed via the cloud. This enables functions like remote monitoring of machinery status, predictive maintenance, and more efficient production scheduling. The cloud architecture supports sharing of manufacturing capabilities as cloud-based services.
Remote temperature and humidity monitoring system using wireless sensor networkseSAT Journals
Abstract Today’s world has become very advanced with smart appliances and devices like laptops, tablets, televisions. smart phones with different features and their usage has been enormously increasing in our day-to-day life. The technology advancement in Digital Electronics and Micro Electro Mechanical Systems. In this scenario the most important role is played by Wireless Sensor Networks and its development and usage in heterogeneous fields and several contexts. the home automation field and process control systems and health control systems widely uses wireless sensor networks. Moreover with WSN we can monitor environments and its conditions also. We are designing a protocol to monitor the environmental temperature and humidity at different conditions. The architecture is simple to construct and ease to implement and also has an advantage of low power consumption. The aim of our paper to describe and show how to create a simple protocol for environment monitoring using a wireless development kit. we are using advanced technology of crossbow motes and NESC Language Programming. Keywords: Motes, WSN, sensor, TinyOS, Nesc.
The document discusses requirements for an operating system for IoT devices and summarizes several popular IoT operating systems. The main requirements for an IoT OS are low memory usage, efficient use of limited resources, ability to handle concurrent tasks, flexibility to support different applications, low power usage, reliability, and support for various hardware platforms and protocols. It then summarizes LightOS, RIOT OS, Contiki OS, and TinyOS, comparing their key features such as licensing, programming models, real-time support, and supported technologies. RIOT OS stands out as offering the most support for communication technologies while also enabling multithreading and real-time capabilities under an open source license.
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
This document summarizes key infrastructure elements for cloud computing. It discusses hardware and networking resources that form the lower layer of cloud infrastructure. A hypervisor, or virtual machine manager, controls and allocates host machine resources to virtual machines. Middleware integrates applications and services across cloud elements. Cloud services include Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). Security and management policies are also important to protect data, applications, and infrastructure in the cloud.
UBIQUITOUS NETWORK TECHNICAL ROOM MONITORING SYSTEM MODEL USING WEB SERVICE cscpconf
Ubiquitous computing allows more efficient exploitation of information systems, economizes
user cost and effort to use the information system. The network technical room monitoring
problem, arising from network management practice, is important to operate the network, to
discover and resolve unpredictable situation. In addition, many of monitoring and sensor
product are shipped with closed proprietary software, and the interoperability between them is
very difficult. In this article, the author present several ubiquitous computing technologies,
propose a model of ubiquitous monitoring system for network technical room. This model
allows monitoring the network technical room remotely, via variable terminal devices and
variable communication infrastructure. The model has been implemented in Hanoi University of
Science and Technology (HUST) Network Information Centre with IP Cameras and RFID
devices.
The evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) brought about several challenges for the existing Hardware, Network and Application development. Some of these are handling real-time streaming and batch bigdata, real- time event handling, dynamic cluster resource allocation for computation, Wired and Wireless Network of Things etc. In order to combat these technicalities, many new technologies and strategies are being developed. Tiarrah Computing comes up with integration the concept of Cloud Computing, Fog Computing and Edge Computing. The main objectives of Tiarrah Computing are to decouple application deployment and achieve High Performance, Flexible Application Development, High Availability, Ease of Development, Ease of Maintenances etc. Tiarrah Computing focus on using the existing opensource technologies to overcome the challenges that evolve along with IoT. This paper gives you overview of the technologies and design your application as well as elaborate how to overcome most of existing challenge.
Implementation of the Open Source Virtualization Technologies in Cloud Computingneirew J
This document summarizes the implementation of open source virtualization technologies in cloud computing. It discusses setting up a 3 node cluster using KVM as the hypervisor with Debian GNU/Linux 7 as the base operating system. Key steps included installing Ganeti software, configuring LVM and VLAN networking, adding nodes to the cluster from the master node, and enabling DRBD for redundant storage across nodes. The goal was to create a basic virtualized infrastructure using open source tools to demonstrate cloud computing concepts.
Implementation of the Open Source Virtualization Technologies in Cloud Computingijccsa
The “Virtualization and Cloud Computing” is a recent buzzword in the digital world. Behind this fancy
poetic phrase there lies a true picture of future computing for both in technical and social perspective.
Though the “Virtualization and Cloud Computing are recent but the idea of centralizing computation and
storage in distributed data centres maintained by any third party companies is not new but it came in way
back in 1990s along with distributed computing approaches like grid computing, Clustering and Network
load Balancing. Cloud computing provide IT as a service to the users on-demand basis. This service has
greater flexibility, availability, reliability and scalability with utility computing model. This new concept of
computing has an immense potential in it to be used in the field of e-governance and in the overall IT
development perspective in developing countries like Bangladesh.
Embedded systems are specialized computer systems designed for specific tasks, often with strict requirements for performance, power consumption, and cost, and they are commonly used in devices like consumer electronics, vehicles, and industrial equipment. An embedded system combines both hardware and software components to perform dedicated functions in a larger mechanical or electrical system. Real-time operating systems are often used in embedded systems to ensure processes meet strict timing deadlines for functions like braking in a vehicle or medical monitoring equipment.
Lecture on Virtualization and Cloud Computing
Fundamentals of Virtualization
Fundamentals of Cloud Computing
Primer on Virtualization
Technologies of Cloud Computing
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The document discusses public key infrastructure (PKI) and asymmetric encryption algorithms for securing data in VxWorks real-time operating systems (RTOS). It analyzes the performance of the RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) asymmetric algorithms on a VxWorks Trusted Platform Module (TPM). The results show that ECC utilizes less memory and CPU than RSA while also having faster execution times. Therefore, the document concludes that ECC is better suited than RSA for use in VxWorks TPMs due to its increased efficiency, which can ultimately improve the overall performance of the RTOS.
Embedded-Systems-vs-Microcontrollers_-A-Comprehensive-Comparison By Embedded ...Embedded Hash
In the realm of modern electronics, embedded systems and microcontrollers play pivotal roles. While both are integral to the development of smart, automated solutions, their distinct characteristics and applications set them apart.
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This paper is a comprehensive survey of the various operating systems available for the Internet of Things environment. At first the paper introduces the various aspects of the operating systems designed for the IoT environment where resource constraint poses a huge problem for the operation of the general OS designed for the various computing devices. The latter part of the paper describes the various OS available for the resource constraint IoT environment along with the various platforms each OS supports, the software development kits
available for the development of applications in the respective OS’es along with the various protocols implemented in these OS’es for the purpose of communication and networking.
Cloud computing architecture uses a client-server model to deliver computing resources over the Internet. It has two main parts - the front end and back end. The front end includes interfaces like web browsers that clients use to access cloud services. The back end is owned by infrastructure providers and manages resources like data storage, security, virtual machines, and servers to provide cloud computing services. Key components of the architecture include clients, applications, services, runtime environment, storage, infrastructure, management systems, security controls, and the Internet that connects the front and back end.
IRJET- ALPYNE - A Grid Computing FrameworkIRJET Journal
The document describes Alpyne, a grid computing framework built using Python. It aims to make setting up a grid computing system easy by providing libraries, APIs, and applications. Key features include load balancing across nodes based on their computing power, high availability, failure management, and a web UI. The framework uses Docker containers for virtualization and MongoDB for data storage, with modular interfaces that can be replaced. It aims to more easily support Python applications on grids compared to existing frameworks like Hadoop and Spark.
Embedded systems are increasingly integral parts of technology that perform dedicated functions with minimal user interaction. They are used in applications like GPS, ATMs, networking equipment, and more. Embedded systems combine dedicated hardware and software to provide specialized functionality. Their design must consider aspects like performance, cost, power consumption, and being integrated into other devices long-term. As embedded systems become connected to the internet, they will transform how people interact with devices and appliances. This will create an environment of ubiquitous connected devices that communicate for functions like remote monitoring and maintenance.
Performance of State-of-the-Art Cryptography on ARM-based MicroprocessorsHannes Tschofenig
Position paper for the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Workshop, 20th and 21st July 2015, Gaithersburg, US.
The link to the workshop is available at: http://www.nist.gov/itl/csd/ct/lwc_workshop2015.cfm
An Exploration of Grid Computing to be Utilized in Teaching and Research at TUEswar Publications
This document describes building a simple grid computing environment from existing computing resources at Taiz University in Yemen. It outlines:
1) Installing and configuring software like Globus Toolkit, Tomcat, and OGCE portal on three machines to set up basic grid services like a certificate authority server, MyProxy server, and portal server.
2) Configuring the hardware nodes, installing the portal server, setting up the certificate authority server, and MyProxy server.
3) Testing basic grid services like credential delegation to MyProxy, retrieval from MyProxy, and GridFTP file transfers.
The results indicate the proposed grid model is promising for teaching and research at Taiz University and could serve as a
On-line IDACS for Embedded Real Time ApplicationAM Publications
Design of on-line embedded web server is a challenging part of many embedded and real time data acquisition and control system applications. The World Wide Web is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billion of users worldwide and allows the user to interface many real time embedded applications like data acquisition, Industrial automations and safety measures etc,. This paper approached towards the design and development of on-line Interactive Data Acquisition and Control System (IDACS) using ARM based embedded web server. It can be a network, intelligent and digital distributed control system. Single chip IDACS method improves the processing capability of a system and overcomes the problem of poor real time and reliability. This system uses ARM9 Processor portability with Real Time Linux operating system (RTLinux RTOS) it makes the system more real time and handling various processes based on multi-tasking and reliable scheduling mechanisms. Web server application is ported into an ARM processor using embedded ‘C’ language. Web pages are written by Hyper text markup language (HTML); it is beneficial for real time IDACS, Mission critical applications, ATM networks and more. Mission critical applications, ATM networks and more.
Semelhante a A Survey Embedded Systems Supporting By Different Operating Systems.pdf (20)
Remarkable Sample College Application Essays ThatsFiona Phillips
This document provides instructions for requesting and receiving writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Receive the paper and authorize payment if pleased. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a refund option for plagiarism. The process aims to match clients with qualified writers and provide original, high-quality content through revisions.
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Victor Frankenstein from Mary Shelley's Frankenstein both embodies and subverts the traits of a Byronic hero as defined by Lord Byron's Manfred. He is proud, arrogant, and ambitious in his scientific pursuits, seeking to conquer nature. However, unlike a true Byronic hero, his pride leads him to abandon his creation and shirk his responsibilities as a creator, displaying weakness and lack of integrity. The novel serves as a critique of the Byronic hero's unrestrained passions through Victor's story
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The document provides information about different methods of surveying, including traversing, triangulation, trilateration, total station, and Global Positioning System (GPS). It notes that surveying is used for civil engineering projects, monitoring existing structures, town planning, and other development projects. The advantages of total station are mentioned as being a combination of an electronic theodolite, electronic distance measuring device, and microprocessor that allows simultaneous measurement of angles and distances.
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Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
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3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
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5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
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واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
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THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
2. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (ijsrset.com)
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the ability of exception handling and should have the
reliable code [1, 72, 73]. Software can be designed using
off the shelf components. Operating systems are the
example of the reusable software components, which
doesn’t developed from scratch.
Software should not the platform-dependent it should be
the capability of evolvability either it would run on the
LAN or shared wide-wide area network. It also should
be guaranteed that it provide the same services with
respect to the environment of the user, according to their
requirement. Accuracy and precision are important when
environment changes.[2]
Embedded operating systems are developed for handling
the particular application. There for OS used in
embedded systems is most different than the general
purpose OS used in our desktops computers. And these
systems also have the real time properties according to
the system requirements. Such types of operating
systems are divided into two types, embedded operating
system and real time operating systems.
2.1 Real time and embedded operating systems:
Embedded systems are mostly used Real-time operating
systems, QNX [3], WinCE[4], Vxworks [5] are most
widely used embedded operating systems. All embedded
devices having operating system which can be supported
by that device. An embedded real time device must have
the RTOS. Embedded OS having reliability, portability
and configurability are the important features in it.
RTOS should show the accurate logical results, in
specially safety critical systems because in accuracy
May loss causes of lost a life like air craft system. The
operating systems giving above support the large
systems consisting on higher CPU and memory size.
And also multitasking, TCP/IP networking, memory
protection can be supported by it [74, 75, 76, 77, 78].
Window NT [6] is not real time operating system, but
due to industrial need, window NT should be evolved
for achieving some features of real time systems.
Linux operating system also not supported real time
system for this purpose RTAI (real time application
interface) [7] are designated which is an extension of
Linux. Embedded Linux is also an evolution in Linux
but it doesn’t support real time application like RTAI.
Commercial off-the-shelf components used [8] for
achieving the target of distributed real time and
embedded systems, such as mission critical dynamic
domains which includes the radar processing, online
financial trading etc. Clock synchronization [9] is an
important feature of distributed real time operating
systems. Clock synchronization should be fault tolerated
for giving the accuracy. When CPU [10] is highly
loaded and unexpected interrupts disturbed time due to
this RTOS exceed their limits then more energy will be
consumed by it as compared to the normal execution.
In heterogeneous environment embedded systems are
more complex in sense of their reliability and security
which in more demanding feature in this environment.
Over a decade performance of ICT is main focus of
researchers. But recently, security and reliability become
the higher issue. Some projects proposed by [11] used
the micro-kernel for reliability and dependability, [12]
proposed Minix OS and [13] suggest the L4 OS for
higher reliability.
2.1.1 WinCE
November 1996 in handheld PC window CE was
introduced. There are many extensions of windows CE.
Embedded systems have the restriction of space.
Windows CE developed for achieving the given aim.
This is a thin client operating system supports priority
inheritance and developed for embedded applications
like entertainment and communication [14].
Window CE is real-time operating systems which have
the functionality of operate the embedded 32 bit
processor. Zigbee is an embedded system based on
ARM having the serial communication functionality
which improves the transmission area and reliability of
helicome used as wireless sensor network module. Due
to ARM device has of low power consumption (now a
days it is an issue of green computing) high performance
and lower cost. It also includes the functions data
receiving, showing, and the ability of information
storage [15].
In zigbee application design algorithms implementation
for serial communication and interface design it uses the
embedded visual C++. Different languages used by
programmer for different algorithms [16, 17, 79, 80, 81].
Systems depending on window CE have 4 layers 1)
3. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (ijsrset.com)
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Hardware layer includes all the hardware used in those
systems, such as processors. 2) Operating system is an
interface for users. 3) Applications layer consists on the
applications which depend upon different types of
performances on the device. 4) Hardware support layer
consists on interaction between hardware and OS used
by that system [18,19].
Basic needs of storing, manipulating, retrieving the data
have every operating system. These operations can be
performed by replicating the data on a backend server.
Enterprise and personal application used such type of
database respectively for applications which provided
financial services and web-based like entertainment,
games etc. For this purpose a relational database like
SQL server used by window CE. The constraints on
space using by the program is followed by this engine.
The architecture of SQL engine includes query
optimization, relational storage (transaction and
indexing) and backend data replication [20].
Another system used master slave architecture call
Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) using
embedded real time operating system.[21]
2.1.2 Linux:
Few years ago the use of Linux in embedded device
became most popular. People needs accessing their own
account anywhere so it is used as a functional OS in
networked systems. Linux have an important feature of
flexibility, because we can interrupt in kernel at runtime
and unload a module. Linux is open source so its code is
worldwide available, also portable and scalable. It can
run on every processor and also license free.
Differentiability between the hardware make the
operating system most sophisticated (mobile devices,
severs etc). Different configurators are developed for the
purpose to ensure the validity and user guidance. Too
many configurators are developed like for feature
models commercial configurators [22] have been
designed. Open source configurators [23,24,25]are also
available. For one-size-fits-all kernel configurators,
grows for the purpose of increasing performance [26].
For purpose of bidirectional broadcasting the different
devices like internet and PSTN are used. So there should
be an embedded operating system used. Linux is open
source. So it modified the kernel of embedded Linux for
achieving the goal [27]. In FPGA embedded system a
Linux operating system is used. Different fault injection
techniques used for checking the reliability of the system
[28]. Linux is quite good for different microprocessors
due to robustness because it is more scalable and reliable
[29].
2.1.3 QNX:
QNX software system limited designated the QNX for
real time operating systems. It have the functionality of
processing the medical machines, telecommunication,
and electronic devices. The requirements of these
devices are higher reliability and safety because all are
attach with our daily life, also having the features of
scalability and flexibility. It is small and fast.
Medical devices like calculated the genetic methodology
can some time distributed on multi processors due to
large amount of data. It is also provide fully networked
applications and provide higher performance in a real
time environment. The draft standard 1003.4 which acts
in real time environment is structured for distributed
transparent environment. It is uses with microkernel
processors in real time environment which consists on
the services of UNIX and POSIX [30].
Table 1: A Comparison table of QNX, WinCE, Linux [31]
Features/OS QNX Window CE Linux
Processor X86-based 32-bit address based ARM, Strong ARM,
MIPS, Hitachi SH, x86-
compatiable
Memory Small kernel, 12 KB For kernel and
communication support
needs 350 KB
For Configurable kernel
needs 125-256 KB
4. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (ijsrset.com)
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Architecture Used Micro-kernel Hieratical based Layering structure based
Scheduling algorithm Priority based, same
priority then FIFO,
Round Robin
Priority based time slice
algorithms / 8 priority levels
Priority and quantum
based / 4 classes of
threads
Preemptive/ Non-
preemptive
Pre-emptive Pre-emptive thread
scheduling
both
Interprocessor
communication
Massage passing Massage passing Original linux IPC
mechanism
Network support Low-Level Network Internet protocols (FTP,
HTTP servers)
All current internet
protocols
2.2 Domain specific OS:
This section describes the software infrastructure like
operating system for specifically developed for one
domain called the sensor networks.
2.2.1 Embedded Sensor Network:
Wireless technologies helped in making the low cost
sensor devices [32] which have the low power
consumption. Sensors devices like Ad-hoc network have
thousands of small devices spread across a large area
and communication made through the sensing ability of
that device by passing massages to each other. Military
also use the sensing devices. The sensing networks its
tracks every moment of enemy in war. If damage all
other network due to an emergency situation sensor ad-
hoc network are easy and quickly to establish and
maintain. It also helped in making the large embedded
sensor network. Embedded computer having sensors or
actuators, for interaction with the local environment, in
inexpensive way [33]. WSN’s (wireless sensor networks)
have the constraints so its protocols requirement
designed with new applications. For long life time of a
network it’s necessary to have the capabilities of low
power consumption and device complexity. Balance
between communication through a network is necessary
requirement (signal processing should be in a manner).
Many applications of WSN is enabled by IEEE 802.15.4
[34]. A light weight operating system Contiki divided
into two parts core and loaded programs is used for
Wireless sensor networks. It has the event-driven kernel
and also have the dynamic unloading and loading of
different services. it is preemptive in multithreads
environment and implemented in C language[35]. Some
micro sensor nodes are Mote/TinyOS [36],Meta cricket
[37], MIT location aware cricket [38], Bluetooth based
sensor nodes[39] which operate with the help of
MANTIS [40] operating system have the ability to
manage multithreading, aggregation and time sensitive
tasks. For supporting the multi-hop networking, a
reservation-based NanoRK [41] real-time operating
system is used. Pixie [42] OS is also used in sensor
networks for resource managing in different applications.
LiteOS [43] have the ability of managing WSN’s.
Table 2: Comparision of OS’s Used in Sensor Networks.[44,45,46]
Features/OS NanoRK MANTIS TinyOS LiteOS Contiki SOS
Real-time
support
Yes No No No No No
Architecture Monolithic Layered Monolithic Modular Modular Modular
Communicatio
n protocol
Depends on
socket based
MAC and
COMM
Two multi-
hop protocols
1.TYMO
2.disseminati
on
File consisted uIP, TCP/IP
protocol, Rime
and both
versions of IP, 4
& 6
Massage based
Static/dynamic
Memory
management
Static
management
with no
protection of
memory
Dynamic
memory
management
and no
protection
Static
Memory
protection
and
management
Dynamic
Management
and protection
of memory
Dynamic
memory
management
and no
protection at
Dynamic
Management and
protection of
memory
5. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (ijsrset.com)
668
address spaced
Language
support
C C NesC LiteC++ C C
Scheduling
algorithm
Harmonized and
Monotonic based
algorithms
Priority based
classes
First in first
out
Round robin Priority based
inturuppts
-
Resource
sharing
Mutexe
and
semaphor
es
semaphor
es
Through
virtualization
Sharing can
done by
preemptive
synchronization
Through Serial
Access
-
Modals of
programming
Thread driven Thread driven Event and
thread driven
Thread and
event driven
Event and
protothreads
driven
Event driven
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3. Characterizations of embedded systems:
Embedded means that a system inside another system
which work as a small and specific part of that system.
Different embedded systems have different
functionalities therefore there is no need to include all
functionalities in an embedded system.
As we mentioned above the sensors are also embedded
systems having a small processor, which having the
ability of computation of physical environment like
pressure, temperature etc. Embedded systems are
divided into two categories which are given below.
Figure 2 : Types of Embedded Systems
3.1 Standalone embedded systems:
Users just give an input and the gets the desired output
generated by the system are called stand-alone systems.
Now these systems are said to be as system on chip and
is the intellectual property. SOC’s offers multimedia
processors or DSP’s application which needs the
requirement of highly performance and embedded
functionalities.
Some Standalone system includes the electronic
consumers. CE divided into three types, Low-end
devices are normally inexpensive cheap processors and
System on Chip devices having the minimum memory
like ROM (256 KB). Mid-range devices having memory
of almost 1 to 2 MB, like digital camera etc. High-end
consumer devices having the memory up to 32 MB ,
devices like smart-phones are included in it.
3.2 Networked embedded Systems:
There are many types of NES’s some form these
systems are network embedded system technology
(NEST) , network systems for embedded computers
(EmNETS ), Distributed real time embedded (DRE).
Communications between functionally Distributed nodes
which can be embedded are connected through the
wireless/wired medium. it achieves the goal of
interaction with environment by some actuators and
sensing devices.
Paper [47] represents the general network embedded
systems which includes distributed and real-time
embedded systems, embedded systems and sensor
systems. The reconfigurable, ubiquitous, and networked
embedded systems called RUNES [48] develop a
programing platform to for developing architecture of
the software’s used in NES’s.
Embedded systems mostly make there computations on
the devices which make for other purposes. It is not
necessary that all devices are connected and usually not
a mobile device. It having one server, and have wired
connection.
Sensor Networks have a famous example of wireless
sensor network. It gets a great deployment of various
types of applications in industrious environment and in
our daily life, including health and military applications.
6. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (ijsrset.com)
669
Sensor network[49] consist on the small , low power
consumption machines which have the ability of
concurrent execution of reactive programs that must
operate with the constraints of space and low power.
Different programming model can be supported by
NesC complier which analyzes the overall program, also
maintained the inline function and reliability. NesC and
tinyOS used by many of sensor networks. The key
challenge for wireless network embedded systems is
power supplying. It can be done by solar energy [50]
several factors given in the paper which should be
understandable.
Distributed real-time and embedded systems are mostly
time critical. In different conditions which are time and
life critical systems should must have the accuracy like
aircraft systems.[51]
A NIST Net[52] emulation tool is used for experiments
on the different network protocols and performance of
the network.
Figure 3 : Requirements in Embedded Software’s
4. Requirements of embedded systems:
There are two types of requirement in software
engineering. Functional requirements define the function
of a software component. Describe the set of inputs and
generate the desired output. Non-Functional
requirements are requirement which is used for
judgment of operation of the system rather than the
given behaviour of the systems also called qualities of
system. There are some requirements of embedded
systems are given below.[53]
Reliability: The ability of a system which regularly
perform their specific task on demand and on perfect
time. No faults occur called the system reliability. A
study of software reliability shows that there can be
tolerated six-fifteen bugs per thousand lines codes
according to this LINUX has 2.5 million lines of code
and window XP has double of this code so according to
the software reliability study window XP kernel has
almost 30000 bugs which make it unreliable and in
secure. Micro kernels have the higher reliability but
lower performance than monolithic kernels. May be it
come back in near future due to reliability [54].
Embedded system should be highly reliable because
fixing the fault in embedded system is highly
challenging task. In the performance requirement of a
system reliability is the main feature [55].
Portability : A system should have the portability
means if the system is developed in one environment it
should execute in other environment with very minor
change. Portability and adaptability is an important
feature of embedded system [56,57].
The internal quality of a system or system software is
portability, which includes Adaptability, Installability,
Co-existence, Replaceability and Compliance [58].
Safety : Some embedded systems are safety critical
which should not harm the human life like aircraft
system, or insulin pump system which is life critical.
System safety is defined by engineers as risks [59].In a
paper XtratuM [60] is designated for completing the
requirement which are safety critical. Another CESAR
[61] methodology provides a platform in safety critical
application in different domains.
Security : In new electronic devices data security is
very critical task includes computer, mobile phones etc.
All the stages of an embedded system design from
scratch to their development should be secure [62].
There is a large rang of embedded systems which have
the issue of security for data manipulating, storing and
sending etc. In networking security [63] protocols
should be included for safe transmission of data.
Scheduling algorithms is failed to do the certain task in
embedded systems because many of them ignores the
security requirement. The given paper [64] applied the
7. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (ijsrset.com)
670
time constraints and security on the periodic task
scheduling algorithms used in embedded systems.
Scalability, upgradability and fault tolerance are also
requirements for embedded systems.
IV.CONCLUSION
As the above study of different software’s which runs on
embedded systems should have the requirements of
safety and security. But many of them don’t have the
requirement and not support the real-time constraints
and ability of fault tolerance. Research going own in
these days, make the software’s of embedded systems
more reliable and include all the requirement of normal
system. Network embedded systems are security critical
for secure communication. The comparison of the sensor
network OS’s are given which shows the abilities and
support that can be handled by the system. In these days,
It is a challenging task that OS’s used in network
embedded systems should fulfils all the requirements
like other systems.
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