Freud psycho-analytical theory
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introduction,levels,and structure of personality,defense mechanism and development stages,
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Freud psycho-analytical theory
- 2. Introduction of Freud • Sigmund Freud was a Jewish Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychiatry. • Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind
- 3. Levels of PersonalityLevels of Personality Conscious - current awareness Preconscious - not aware of material but it’s retrievable Unconscious - not aware of material but it’s not retrievable
- 5. Techniques for Revealing the Unconscious Dream Analysis Freud – “Interpretation of Dreams”- the royal road to the unconscious manifest content – what a person remembers and consciously considers latent content – the underlying hidden meaning Free Association (resistance) Projective Techniques
- 6. The Structure of PersonalityThe Structure of Personality ID EGO SUPEREGO
- 7. The Structure of PersonalityThe Structure of Personality The Id –Psychic Energy Most primitive part of the mind; what we are born with Source of all drives and urges Operates according to the pleasure principle and primary process thinking
- 8. The Structure of PersonalityThe Structure of Personality The Ego- Executive of Personality The part of the mind that constrains the id to reality Develops around 2-3 years of age Operates according to the reality principle and secondary process thinking Mediates between id, superego, and environment
- 9. The Structure of PersonalityThe Structure of Personality The Superego- Upholder of Values and Ideals The part of the mind that internalizes the values, morals, and ideals of society Develops around age 5 Not bound by reality
- 10. Anxiety • Feeling of fear without an obvious cause. • Types of Anxiety: Objective / Reality Anxiety ( fear of tangible things) Neurotic Anxiety ( involves conflict between id and ego) Moral Anxiety (involves conflict between id and superego) Defense mechanism used to reduce the anxiety.
- 11. Mechanisms of DefenseMechanisms of Defense Repression Unconscious Motivated Forgetting The process of preventing unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or urges from reaching conscious awareness
- 12. Defense MechanismDefense Mechanism Denial Unconscious Motivated Not Perceiving Denial the realityDenial the reality Perceptual Defense Research
- 13. Defense MechanismDefense Mechanism Reaction Formation Act opposite of impulse. Projection Make impulse external. Arousing impulses are externalized by placing them, or projecting them, onto others
- 14. Defense MechanismDefense Mechanism Isolation Isolate emotional reaction Regression – Return to an earlier safer stage of our lives
- 15. Defense MechanismDefense Mechanism Displacement Channel impulse to non-threatening target Sublimation Channel impulse into socially desired activity
- 16. Personality and PsychoanalysisPersonality and Psychoanalysis The goal of psychoanalysis is to make the unconscious conscious Identify unconscious thoughts and feelings Enable the person to deal with the unconscious urges realistically and maturely
- 17. Freud’s Developmental Stages • STAGE Oral (0-18 months) Anal (18-36 months) • FOCUS Pleasure centers on the mouth-sucking, chewing, biting. Id is dominant Toilet training ,contact with rules of society. Ego develop in this stage
- 18. Freud’s Developmental Stages (Cont.) Phallic (3-6 years) Latency (6 to puberty) Genital (puberty on) Develop relationship with society. Superego development. Develop social and intellectual skills Individual become well- balanced, mature and caring.
- 19. Fixation Freud says that a person can become stuck or fixated at any stage and may not progress beyond it, continuing to find pleasure in the pleasure zone associated with that stage i.e. – gum chews, pencil biters, smokers are said to be fixated at the Oral Stage develop pessimism and aggression toward others. fixation during anal stage can result in an obsession with cleanliness, perfection, and
Notas do Editor
- Free Association: Speaking whatever comes into your mind without censoring your thoughts. Psychoanalysts must be able to recognize the subtle signs that something important has just been mentioned. Dream Analysis: Uncovering unconscious material in a dream by interpreting the content of a dream. Consists of manifest content (what the dream actually contains) and latent content (what the elements of the dream actually represent) Projective Techniques: Uses the idea that what a person sees in an ambiguous figure reflects his or her personality.
- Psychoanalytic theory concerns how people cope with their sexual and aggressive instincts within the constraints of a civilized society. One part of the mind creates urges, another has a sense of what civilized society expects, and another part of the mind tries to satisfy the urges within the bounds of reality and society. These parts of the mind are in constant interaction. They have different goals, provoking internal conflicts within an individual.
- The pleasure principle is the desire for immediate gratification. Primary process thinking is thinking without logical rules of conscious thought or an anchor in reality.
- The ego recognizes under the reality principle that the urges of the id are often in conflict with social and physical reality. The ego engages in secondary process thinking which refers to the development and devising of strategies for problem solving and obtaining satisfaction.
- The superego determines what is right and what is wrong, and enforces this through the emotion of guilt. It sets the moral goals and ideals of perfection.
- Repression was the forerunner of all other forms of defense mechanisms. Freud believed that people often tend to remember the pleasant circumstances surrounding some event , and that unpleasant memories are often repressed.
- Repression was the forerunner of all other forms of defense mechanisms. Freud believed that people often tend to remember the pleasant circumstances surrounding some event , and that unpleasant memories are often repressed.
- Freud believed that the presence of anxiety is evidence that repression is starting to fail, so other defense mechanisms may be brought into play. Denial: insisting that things are not what they seem. Displacement: a threatening impulse is channeled to a non-threatening target. Rationalization: generating acceptable reasons for outcomes that might otherwise appear socially unacceptable. Reaction Formation: in an attempt to stifle an unacceptable urge, displaying a flurry of behavior that indicates the opposite impulse. Projection: seeing in others those traits and desires that we find most upsetting in ourselves. Sublimation: channeling unacceptable sexual or aggressive instincts into socially desired activities.
- Freud believed that the presence of anxiety is evidence that repression is starting to fail, so other defense mechanisms may be brought into play. Denial: insisting that things are not what they seem. Displacement: a threatening impulse is channeled to a non-threatening target. Rationalization: generating acceptable reasons for outcomes that might otherwise appear socially unacceptable. Reaction Formation: in an attempt to stifle an unacceptable urge, displaying a flurry of behavior that indicates the opposite impulse. Projection: seeing in others those traits and desires that we find most upsetting in ourselves. Sublimation: channeling unacceptable sexual or aggressive instincts into socially desired activities.
- Freud believed that the presence of anxiety is evidence that repression is starting to fail, so other defense mechanisms may be brought into play. Denial: insisting that things are not what they seem. Displacement: a threatening impulse is channeled to a non-threatening target. Rationalization: generating acceptable reasons for outcomes that might otherwise appear socially unacceptable. Reaction Formation: in an attempt to stifle an unacceptable urge, displaying a flurry of behavior that indicates the opposite impulse. Projection: seeing in others those traits and desires that we find most upsetting in ourselves. Sublimation: channeling unacceptable sexual or aggressive instincts into socially desired activities.