Urban areas in India generate large amounts of waste from various domestic and industrial sources. The average person in major Indian cities produces 450 grams of waste per day, and in total these cities generate 16 million tons of waste annually. Various types of industries also produce significant amounts of solid waste. Urban waste causes problems when it is exposed to rainfall and flows into water sources, as the chemical components can adversely affect crop growth and spread disease. Proper waste management is needed to categorize and dispose of the different waste streams from municipal, commercial, industrial and other sources.

1. URBAN WASTE
 Domestic and industrial waste
 25% of India’s total population lives in urban areas
 They generate 16 million tons of waste
 Average wastes generated per person per day in 8
major cities of India 450 gm
 Industrial societies in USA alone produce 11 billion tons
of solid waste each year
 Urban waste generating industries are cigarette
making, mining and metallurgy, fertilizers etc.
 Building construction works constitute sufficient solid
waste

2. CAUSES OF URBAN WASTE
 Fly ash produced by burning of coal in thermal plants.
 Fly ash is dumped in low lying areas near power plants
 Fly ash has effect on crop production
 Urban waste like garbage, plastics, glasses, abandoned vehicles are
exposed to rainfall and waste water
 These chemical agents adversely effect growing crops
 Textiles, dyes, soap, synthetic detergents, rubber, and pulp, cottage
and small scale industries pour their hazardous effluents create
disastrous effects on living organisms
 Pathogenic organisms excreted by man in urban waste decrease soil
fertility
 The consumption of vegetables and fruits by man make these
organisms to be transmitted in his body
 Disease producing organisms are transmitted

3. WASTE MANAGEMENT
Industrial societies produce enormous solid
waste
These are domestic, commercial, industrial,
agricultural and mining wastes
The waste stream constitute garbage, garden
wastes, food wastes, junk cars, worn out
furniture, news papers, office refuse

4. TYPE OF WASTES
Wastes are grouped under seven categories:
1. AGRICULTRE WASTES
- rice barn, rice husk, wood waste, coconut shell, cotton wastes, jute sticks
2. Vegetable and fruit processing industries
3. Animal waste
4. Community waste
- night soil, sewage, cattle dung, city refuge
5. Industrial waste
- fly ash, coal dust
- paper waste, mica waste etc.
6. Wastes from aluminium industry, wastes from sugar factories
7. E-WASTE
- 85 million cell phones when become out of order
- computer waste

5. THE WASTE STREAM
 Steady flow of varied wastes that we produce, from
domestic garbage to industrial, commercial and
construction refuse
 200 billion metal, glass and plastic food and beverage
containers used every year in US end up in trash
 Newspaper, magazines, advertisements, office refuse
are major wastes
 Toxic materials should be separated from hazardous
materials before recycling
 Separating solid waste from liquid and gas. Hazardous
waste from non-hazardous waste