5. Storing electrical energy
Pros and cons of techniques
What is hydrolysis
Why hydrolysis method
Cobalt phosphate catalysis
Hydrogen storage
Hydrogen as a fuel
Safety and limitations
Practical Scenario
6. Two billion people on earth do not have
electricity.
Global energy need driven by 3 billion low
energy users in the non legacy world will
roughly double by midcentury.
New R&D needed to provide the world with
the “fast food” equivalent of energy systems.
Grid parity, fly-wheel, pumped
water, compressed air,Li-ion
batteries, ultracapacitors
7.
8. BATTERIES COMPRESSED AIR FLYWHEEL
Ultracapacitors Pumped water
High Largest Compact
efficiency capacity of
Light Weight
Easy electricity
Fast start-up High energy
availability capacity
Less energy High
Geological
structure Centrifugal
density
reliance force
Fluctuations Not economical
Soil erosion
in supply
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14. When the input devices produce more energy than
is required by the load, the excess energy is
converted by an electrolyzer to electrolytic
hydrogen.
H2O → ½ O2 + H2
Conversely, during a time of input energy
deficit, this process is reversed and the hydrogen
produced earlier is reconverted to electrical energy
through a fuel cell.
◦ Anode Reaction: 2H2 + 2O–2 → 2H2O + 4e–
◦ Cathode Reaction: O2 + 4e– → 2O–2
15.
16.
17. Energy density of H2 is ≥1k times larger than
the upper limit of battery storage capacity.
Hydrogen can be used as a fuel for portable
(vehicles) or stationary energy generation.
Totally void of Carbon emissions .
Scientist James Barber of Imperial College
London hailed this as “enormous implications
for the future prosperity of humankind.”
18.
19. Inspired by photosynthesis to develop
photoelectrolysis. Sunlight to split water.
Catalyst consisting of cobalt
metal, phosphate and an electrode, placed in
water.
Works at room temperature, in neutral pH
water, and easy to set up.
The cobalt oxygen-evolving catalyst (Co-
OEC) can use an energy input from a
photoanode or photovoltaic.
20.
21. Solar Energy splitting water into hydrogen
and oxygen for fuel_ Daniel Nocera, MIT
[MIRROR].flv
22. • The hydrogen will be stored in two 0.47
cubic meter(125 gallon) propane tanks, and
the oxygen will be stored in one propane
tank.
• The produced hydrogen gas is pressurized
by the electrolyzer to its maximum rated
pressure.
• Hydro-electrical power from dams, wind-
energy and solar energy sources can all be
fitted with hydrogen electrolysis units in
order to produce enough hydrogen.
23. No greenhouse gases emitted.
Zero emission in vehicles.
Calorific value is
24.
25.
26. Tanks are repeatedly fast-filled using real gas
and emptied slowly for testing.(cycle test)
The tank is monitored for permeation rates at
700 bar pressure.(permeability test)
Hydrogen sensors for testing leaks.
29. Matthew W. Kanan, Yogesh Surendranath and
Daniel G. Nocera Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, 38, 109-
1 14
How to Store Excess Electricity by Jon r. Luoma
Yale Env. 360,2010
Report of basic energy sciences published by
office of science ,US department of energy.
Summary of electrolytic hydrogen production,
NREL, September 2004
Hydrogen Safety in Storage and Transport, Pietro
Moretto ,European Commission Joint Research
Centre
