semoga bermanfat..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

1. process of autoimmune
disease

2. • Central tolerance is not
efficient,
there are still lymphocytes that
recognize self antigens that
pass the negative selection
• Peripheral tolerance is
inhibited by several factors

3. cellular and humoral immune responses in autoimmune
diseases

4. • Estrogen inhibits the
expression of the AIRE gene
which plays an important role
in negative selection in the
thymus

5. reference
1. Lee, D. S. W., Rojas, O. L., & Gommerman, J. L. (2021). B
cell depletion therapies in autoimmune disease: advances
and mechanistic insights. Nature reviews. Drug
discovery, 20(3), 179–199.
2. Kucuksezer, U. C., Aktas Cetin, E., Esen, F., Tahrali, I.,
Akdeniz, N., Gelmez, M. Y., & Deniz, G. (2021). The Role of
Natural Killer Cells in Autoimmune Diseases. Frontiers in
immunology, 12, 622306.
3. Murphy K. Weaver C. & Janeway C. (2017). Janeway's
immunobiology (9th ed.). Garland Science.