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Pharmacology.pptx
1.
Pharmacology پوهنه درمل Pharmakon
“ drug, poison” Logia “ study of” په ژوندیو اورګانیزمونو باندې د درملو او کیمیاوي موادو د اثراتو ساینسي مطالعه ع بارت له فارمکالوژي څخه ده .
2.
History تاریخچه له کوم وخت څخه چې انسانان او د دوی حیوانات د ناروغیو له امله ،کړیږي نو له هغه وخت څخه کیمیاوي موادو د نوموړو ناروغیو په تداوي کې خاص رول درلودالی ده . د نباتاتو او حیواناتو څخه السته راغلو او یا هم د نوموړو منابعو څخه تولید شویو موادو څخه د پخوانیو درمل پوهانو د ت جویز مطابق استفاده کیدله . اولني یا هم قدیمترین درمل عبارت دي د نباتي درملو څخه مشتمل ګروپ ( Pen Tsao ) څخه . نوموړي درمل په 2700
B.C. کې د چینایي امپراطور Shennung د حاکمیت په وخت کې جوړ شوي ول .
3.
Hippocrates ( 460-370 B.C. ) یو له یوناني فزیک پوهانو څخه وو کوم چې د طبابت پالر بلل کیږي . نوموړي عقیده درلوده چي طبیعت په خپل ځان د رغونې یا تداوي ځا نګړی قابلیت لري . نوموړي د خپلو ناروغانو د عالیمو سیستماتیک معاینات په الر واچول چې په نتجه کې یې طبابت د یو هنر څخه په سیستماتیک کلینیکي ساینس بدل کړ .
4.
Veterinary pharmacology فارمکالوژي
وترنري وترنري فارمکالوژي د حیواني ناروغیو د تداوي لپاره د استعمالیدونکو کیمیاوي ا و بیولوژیکې موادو ټول اړخونه په خپل ځان کې رانغاړي . د درملو د تاثیر اساسي اصو ل په وترنري او انساني فارمکالوژي کې سره ورته دي . الکن د ځینو نوعو د ،اناتومیکي فزیولوژیکي او یا هم میتابولیکي توپیرونه کیدالی شي نوموړې پروسه متنوع کړي .
5.
Branches of pharmacology
څانګې فارمکالوژي د Pharmacodynamic د فارماکولوژي یوه شعبه ده چ ې د دواو د تاثیر څرنګوالي او تاثیر څخه الس ته راغل ي نتائج تر څی ړن ې الندې نیسي . د مثال په ډول فارمـاکوډینامیک مونږ ته دا راښ ایي : چې د پر ازیت ضد درمل په کوم میخانکیت سره پرازیت له منځه وړي او یا د درد ضد درمل په څه ډول او په کوم میکانیزم سره درد اراموي .
6.
Pharmacokinetic د فا ر ماک ا لوژي دعلم یوه شعبه ده چ ې د درملو جـــذب ( absorption ) توزی ع (distribution) انتشار ( Diffusion ) میتابولیزم ( metabolism ) اودفعــي ( Execration ) څخه بحث کوي . په بل عبارت ویالی شوو چې د درملو حرکت بدن ته د داخلیدو د وخت څخه تر خارجیدو پور ې تر څیړني الند ي نیسي .
7.
Pharmaceutical Toxicology په بدن باند ې د زهر و اغیز ې او د زهري موادو ضد درمل تر څیړنــي الندي نیسي او یا هم ویالی شو چې توکسیکولوژي د درملو زهري اغیزې او دهغ وی څخه د را پیداشـــــو ي مسمـومیت تداوي تر څیړني الندي نیسي . Posology د درملو Dose ( اندازې ) تر څیړن ې الندې نیسي کوي کوم چي په مختلفو حیواناتو ک ي یو تر بل توپیر لري .
8.
Metrology چ دى علم
هغه ې نیسي الندي څیړنې تر مقیاسونه او وزنونه . Pharmacy د درملو د جوړولو کوي بحث څخه ترکیب او . Pharmacogenetic د باندي عواملو ارثي په درملو تاثیرات تر څیړ ن ي نیسي الندې .
9.
Drug or medicine
دوا یا درمل عبارت د هغو موادو څخه د ي کوم چ ې دبدن د حجراتو د فزیالوژیکي دندو د سمون او یا پتالوژیکي حـــالت د له منځه وړني په خاطر استعمالیږي . په زیاتو واقعاتو کې د درملو مالیکول د بیولوژیکي سیستم د مخصوص مالیکول مقابل کې کوم چې په د وظایفو په تنظیم کې خاص رول لري د agonist ( activator ، فعالونکي ) او یا antagonist ( inhibitor ، نهیې کونکي ) په ډول عمل کوي .
10.
هر هغه مالیکول باندې چې درمل عمل کوي receptor څخه عبارت ده . په ځینو کمو حاالتو کې ځیني درمل ( chemical antagonists ) په مستقیم ډول په نورو درملو عمل کوي او په کمه اندازه ځینې درمل ( osmotic agents ) د اوبو مالیکولونو باندې عمل کوونکی خاصیت لري .
11.
Toxins vs Poisons عموما کې توکسین عبارت د بیولوژیکي منبع لرونکو زهرو څخه دي ( د حیواناتو ی ا نباتاتو زهر ) او د غیر عضوي منابعو څخه تولید شوي زهر poisons بلل کیږي .
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