Big bang theory Formation of stars Formation of galaxies Expansions of space Birth of solar system

1. Big bang theory
By M.Zaeem(17113123-035)

2. Big bang theory:
The big bang theory is
basically an effort to
explain what happened at very
beginning of our universe.
The big bang theory generally
refers to the idea that this
mysterious universe has
expanded from a very very hot
and dense initial condition
at some time in that past and
it continues to expand.

3. Timeline:
SINGULARITY:
In The center of a black hole is a
gravitational singularity, a one-dimensional
point which contains a huge mass in an
infinitely small space, where density and
gravity become infinite and space-time curves
infinitely, and where the laws of physics as
we know them cease to operate.
• Matter seperates
• Collisions
• Cooling

4. Cond.
Recombination
Formation of stars
Formation of galaxies
Birth of solar system

6. Evidences :
Expansions of space
Discovery of microwave background radiations (MBR)
Abundance of primordial elements
Galactic evolution and distribution

7. Expansion of space:
In 1912 Vasto Slipher measure the
first doopler shift.
so that’s means our space is
expanding continuously.
The one on the left is a spectrum
of transmitted frequency of light
from star.
The right one is the observed
frequency of stars from earth.

8. Expansion of space

9. Microwave background radiations:
In 1960s, a radio telescope in new jersey, MBR observed
by Aeno Penzias and Robert Wilson by accident.
They received very old radio waves on their antenna.
These radiation came from space.
These radiations are cosmic microwave background
radiations.

10. Radio telescope in new jersey:

11. History and development:
In 1915, Einstein predicated that the universe is
expanding.
Then after 10 years, Alexander Friedmann removed the
cosmological constant from Einstein’s equation.
Alexander also proposed two models of universe:
 open universe and closed universe
Edwin Hubble explained the rate at which universe is
expanding.

12. Unanswered questions:
Where do ultra-high energy particle came
from?(singularity)
Are there any additional dimensions?
How did universe begin?
How did we get here?
Is our universe is the only universe?
Why is there more matter then anty-matter
In which thing our space is expanding?
What is dark matter?

13. References:
• https://www.space.com/25126-big-bang-theory.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang#Cosmic_acceleration
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_MFhAoUUmQ
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuA-KqUPa7k
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5vOU6-1yNZs