this presentation was done in the ENT course 2011-2012. i hope you will get an interesting time with this presentation.

2. What are vocal cord nodule ??
• Vocal cord nodules are benign
(noncancerous) growths on both
vocal cords that are caused by
vocal abuse.
• We can see it in free edge of the
vocal fold

4. • Over time, repeated abuse of the
vocal cords results in soft, swollen
spots on each vocal cord.
• Vocal fold lesions are a common
cause of hoarseness.

6. Predisposing Factors
• Singers.

7. • thyroid disease.
• Smokers.
• caffeine use, and/or use of
prescription or over-the-counter
(OTC) medications.
• vocal hygiene.
• most often observed in women
aged 20-50 years

9. Signs & Symptoms
hoarseness
breathiness
a "scratchy" voice
harshness
shooting pain from ear to ear
a "lump in the throat" sensation
neck pain
decreased pitch range
voice and body fatigue

10. Diagnosing
1- a voice evaluation by a speech-
language pathologist (SLP).
2- possibly a neurological
examination.
3- Videostrobo-laryngoscopy

12. Treatment
-Keep away from predisposing
factors. ( voice rest ).
-Speech therapy.
- Surgical intervention . If nodule are
very large or have existed for a long
time. (Microlaryngoscopic removal )

13. Complications
-tongue numbness.
- altered taste.
-minor trauma to the teeth, oral
cavity, and pharynx during rigid
laryngoscopy.
- worsened voice quality, bleeding,
infection

14. Outcome & prognosis
-treatment often results in vocal
improvement.
- In 1996, Bastian reported his personal
surgical series of 62 singers who had
undergone microsurgery , Reportedly,
all singers within the series were able
to return to a level of public singing at
least equal to that experienced
preoperatively.