FabLab Arnhem organizes Free FabClasses about various subjects which are significant for our FabLab visitors. For example: sales, finance, branding, 3d printing, businessconcepts, etc. Look at www.fablabarnhem.nl for the next one.
5. Programma
Random onderwerpen
• Rondje kennismaken; wie , wensen?
• Generieke werkwijze Rapid prototyping / Manufacturing
• Overzicht technieken met Specifieke toepassingen
• Voorbeeldproducten
• Links / video’s
• Materialen
• Creative Commons
• Business (Materialise, 3-D worknet, Freedom of Creation, Shapeways, ??)
• Je eigen 3-D printer bouwen
6. Rapid prototyping / Manufacturing
Het proces van idee naar product
is in principe steeds hetzelfde
Voorbeeld stereolithografie
3D model Maakprogram 3D product
Het product wordt laag voor laag “additief” opgebouwd.
7. Direct of indirect
• Direct
– Een eindproduct printen
• Indirect
– Een mal of matrijs printen, waarmee één of
meerdere producten kunnen worden gemaakt
door bv. gieten
8. Stereolithografie (SLA)
Stereolithographic 3D printers position a perforated platform just below the surface of
a vat of liquid photocurable polymer. A UV laser beam then traces the first slice of an
object on the surface of this liquid, causing a very thin layer of photopolymer to
harden. The perforated platform is then lowered very slightly and another slice is
traced out and hardened by the laser. Another slice is then created, and then
another, until a complete object has been printed and can be removed from the vat of
photopolymer, drained of excess liquid, and cured. Stereolithographic printers remain
one of the most accurate types of hardware for fabricating 3D output, with a
minimum build layer thickness of only 0.06mm (0.0025 of an inch).
video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUfh5wxj3qA&feature=endscreen&NR=1
9. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)
Here a semi-liquid material -- and most usually a hot thermoplastic -- is extruded from
a temperature-controlled print head to produce fairly robust objects to a high degree
of accuracy. A key benefit of this technique is that objects can be made of out of
exactly the same thermoplastics used in traditional injection moulding.
In addition to being used to output plastic objects, FDM printers have also been
developed that can output other semi-liquid materials. The applications are already
quite diverse, and range from food printers that can print in cake icing, cheese or
chocolate, to concrete printers that may in future allow entire buildings (or large parts
thereof) to be 3D printed.
Within a decade developments in synthetic biology
10. Polyjet Matrix
As an alternative to FDM, a company called Objet has developed a process called
Polyjet Matrix. This jets two liquid photocurable polymers from a 96 nozzle print
head. Each object layer is cured by a UV light immediately it has been printed. One of
the key benefits of this process is that is allows printing to take place in multiple
materials simply by varying the combination of the photocurable polymers jetted from
the print head. You can learn more about this very impressive technology in this video.
• Fotopolymeer
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=m5scCMxuciY#t=11s
11. multi-jet modelling (MJM)
Builds up objects from successive layers of powder, with an inkjet print head used to
spray on a binder solution that selectively glues only the required granules together.
Some MJM printers -- such as the ZPrinter 450 from ZCorp -- can spray on four
different colours of binder solution, so permitting them to create full-colour 3D
objects at up to 600x540dpi.
• Zcorp “Brain”tandwiel
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ICh0MrT9Liw
12. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
This builds objects by laying down a fine layer of powder and then using a laser to
selectively fuse some of its granules together. At present, SLS 3D printers can output
objects using a wide range of powdered materials. These include
wax, polystyrene, nylon, glass, ceramics, stainless steel, titanium, aluminium and
various alloys including cobalt chrome. During printing, non-bonded powder granules
support the object as it is constructed. Once printing is complete, almost all excess
power is able to be recycled.
You can use laser sintering to produce wax objects that are then sacrificed in a
traditional lost-wax casting process. Here, once the wax object has been 3D printed a
plaster mould is poured around it. When heated, the wax then melts and is poured
away, after which a liquid metal can be poured in. Once this cools the plaster is
removed, leaving a metal object that -- in some senses -- began its life on a 3D printer.
You can use laser sintering to produce ceramic moulds directly from a digital model
and use it for metal casting – again the metal object starts on a 3D printer.
13. Selective Heat Sintering (SHS)
• SHS™ and Printer Features
• SHS™ technology uses a thermal printhead as opposed to a laser in SLS machines
• The thermal printhead applies heat on layers of thermoplastic powder in the build
chamber
• Free forming of any complex geometry (minimum wall thickness is 1 mm)
http://www.blueprinter.dk/shs.html
14. direct metal laser sintering (DMLS)
When SLS is used to directly produce metal objects the process is also called direct
metal laser sintering (DMLS). Metal objects created by a DMLS 3D printer are about
99.99 per cent dense, and hence can be used in place of traditional metal parts in the
vast majority of applications.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6Px6RSL9Ac&feature=related
15. 3D metal printing
3D metal printing is used to directly produce (stainless steel) metal objects. Metal
objects are created by jetspraying a binder solution on a layer of metal powder that
selectively glues only the required granules together. After this process phase the
object is porous and fragile. The holes are in phase 2 infused with a bronze powder
under heat (over 2.000 °C), which gives the objects its strength.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6Px6RSL9Ac&feature=related
16. selective laser melting (SLM) en
selective heat sintering (SHS)
A closely related 3D printing technique to SLS is known as selective laser melting
(SLM). This uses a laser to fully melt the powder granules that form a final
object, rather then just heating them enough to fuse them together. As yet another
variant, a technique called selective heat sintering (SHS) uses a thermal print head --
rather than a laser -- to apply heat to successive layers of a thermoplastic powder
18. Metalen printen
• Direct
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8MaVaqNr3U&feature=related
• Indirect: zandvorm door 3-D printen, daarna metaalgieten
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8MaVaqNr3U&feature=related
– http://www.3trpd.co.uk/dmls/
19. Model van internet halen
• Op www zijn vele modelen te up- en
downloaden (al dan niet tegen betaling)
– www.Thingiverse.com
– http://www.kraftwurx.com/
– http://cubify.com/
– http://3dprintingmodel.com/marketplace/indexM
arketPlace.php
20. Hoe kom ik aan een 3-D print
• Uitbesteden bij snel groeiend aantal bedrijven
– http://www.freedomofcreation.com/
– http://www.materialise.com/
– http://www.shapeways.com/
– http://www.3dworknet.com/
• Zelf maken in een Fablab!
