Jauhar ali. vol 2. screening for abiotic and biotic stress tolerances

1. Jauhar Ali*
Xiuqin Zhao#
*International Rice Research Institute
#Institute of Crop Science, CAAS

3. Selection Strategy
Identify a widely adaptable genotype
Use several donors 15 to 45 donors
BC1F2 is better than higher generations
Screening BC1F2 under higher levels of stress
Level of stress should be able to kill the recipient parent
It should allow us to select a good number of Ils that can be
managed based on breeding capacity of a given centermanaged based on breeding capacity of a given center
Progeny confirmation is essential for at least two rounds
before we can be sure that these trait is stably being
inherited without segregating
Extreme transgressive segregants must be carefully utilized
for further pyramiding across different donors

4. Populations (BC1F2, 200 plants)
Single plant selections (BC1F3-5, 24
plants)
Seeding
(Drybed or Wetbed)
• Done every dry season where
terminal drought is experienced
• Irrigation water is withdrawn from
the field at 30 days after
transplanting; Tensiometers and
digital soil moisture data logger are
installed to monitor soil moisture
level at 15 cm soil depth.
DroughtDroughtDroughtDrought ScreeningScreeningScreeningScreening
Transplanting
(21 day-old seedlings)
(Single seedling per hill)
Irrigation withdrawal
(30 DAT)
Selection & Harvesting
(Maturity)
level at 15 cm soil depth.
• GSR field for drought screening has
the strength of draining water in just
3 days and stably reaching -70 kPa
in a week without rainfall. Drought
stress can reach up to -300 kPa.
• During the wet season, GSR
materials are tested for rainfed
condition.
• Selection is done at maturity for
lines and single plants showing
good drought tolerance.

5. 1. Plants were grown in screenhouse in optimum temperature growing
conditions and were transferred to Outdoor growth chamber (OGC)/Indoor
Growth Chamber (IGC) at the start of panicle heading (before 8:30 a.m. or
before the on-set of anthesis) to impose high temperature treatments.
2. Plants grown in screenhouse under normal condition were placed on
automated growth chamber for an average of 10 days or until all the spikelets
on the main tiller completed anthesis.
3. During this period the spikelets in the panicle were exposed to 38/21°C
day/night temperature with 75/85% day/night RH.
Heat tolerance screening protocol –phytotron conditions
Modified INGER-IRRI protocol
day/night temperature with 75/85% day/night RH.
4. Plants were exposed to high temperature of 38°C for 6 h (8:30-14:30)
5. At panicle emergence, the secondary panicle/plant was used as pollen
sample source.
6. Five spikelets/panicle/plant were sampled. Samples were placed inside a
vial with 70% ethanol. All 6 anthers each from the 5 spikelets were taken and
crushed into a glass slide and were stained with I2KI.
7. Count of sterile and fertile pollen under the microscope was recorded.
Three microscope fields per slide under 10x magnification for data gathering.
8. Data on % grain sterility/fertility was obtained at harvest by counting the
no. of filled and unfilled grains in the main panicle.

6. 1. Heat tolerance screening of select BC1F2 populations conducted under
an irrigated lowland fields of the International Rice Research Institute, Los
Baños, Laguna, Philippines (lat 14º 08’ N, long 120º 15’ E, elevation 21 m).
2. The genotypes were seeded in staggered plantings so that flowering will
coincide with the hottest months of the year (Mid April - Mid May) at Los Baños.
3. Seedling establishment was done in dry beds and transplanting was done
21 days after seeding. Each accession was transplanted in a 5 m length row.
4. Row spacing was 20 x 20 cm and one seedling per hill was used.
Recommended agronomic practices were followed. Pesticides and bird nets
Heat tolerance screening protocol in the field
Recommended agronomic practices were followed. Pesticides and bird nets
were used to protect the plants against pests. All other crop management
practices were at the optimum level.
5. Observations were recorded on 50% heading, peak anthesis, % pollen
sterility, % grain sterility, plant height, panicle number per plant, % lodging,
phenotypic acceptability and grain yield.
6. Fifty percent heading was determined when the panicles are exerted in
approximately 50% of the plants in the plot.
7. Peak anthesis was recorded at the time of flowering in three consecutive
days. Observation was done from 0600 to 1300.

7. 7. Pollen sterility was determined by taking 10 spikelets each from the
main panicle of the three selected plants from each accession (total of 30
spikelets/accession). Spikelets were sampled from top, middle and bottom
portion of the panicles. Taking one anther each from the 30 spikelets,
anthers were mixed, crushed, and stained with I2KI in a glass slide. The
slides were mounted on a microscope at 10x magnification and the fertile
and sterile pollen were counted at 3 microscope fields.
8. Three plant samples for grain sterility data was obtained at harvest by
Heat tolerance screening protocol in the field-continued
8. Three plant samples for grain sterility data was obtained at harvest by
counting the no. of filled and unfilled grains.
9. Plant height from 3 plants at harvest was recorded. Number of panicle
in 3 plants was recorded.
10. Percent lodging was also noted.
11. Phenotypic acceptability was measured
(1=excellent,3=good,5=fair,7=poor &9=unacceptable).
12. Grain yield was obtained from the bulk harvest of each plot.

9. OUTLINE
WHY Drought tolerance?
Concepts on drought tolerance
Breeding objective
Selection Environment & Target population ofSelection Environment & Target population of
environments (TPE)
What traits to be measured?
What kind of facilities required?
What equipments are available?
How to screen for drought tolerance?
A case study in GSR molecular breeding

10. WHY ?
Drought tolerance breeding is important for
global food security

11. Drought stress affected areas of the world
Source: www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov

12. Drought is a major problem in
agriculture

13. Rice field affected by drought at
vegetative stage
Hunan province,2003

14. 50% rice land in Asia-water supply is
unpredictable & droughts are common.
Food crisis-global climate changes
Yields in rainfed are low with output 25% of
total rice production
WHY DROUGHT TOLERANCE BREEDING ?
Yields in rainfed are low with output 25% of
total rice production
Rice yields in irrigated –doubled over 30 years
with only modest gains in rainfed rice systems.
Developing drought tolerance (DT) varieties
utilizing rice molecular breeding is ideal.

16. RICE ECOSYSTEMS

17. Soil texture
class
Permanent wilting
point (PWP)
Field capacity (FC) Plant available soil
moisture (PASM)
moisture Water per
30 cm soil
depth
moisture Water per
30 cm soil
depth
moisture Water per 30
cm soil depth
% mm % mm % mm
Sands 1.7-2.3 7.5-10.0 6.8-8.5 30-37.5 5.1-6.2 22.5-27.5
Sandy loam 3.4-4.5 15-20 11.3-14.7 50-65 7.9-10.2 35-45
Soil moisture capacity of different soil types
Sandy loam 3.4-4.5 15-20 11.3-14.7 50-65 7.9-10.2 35-45
Loams 6.8 30 18.1 80 11.3 50
Silt loams 7.9 35 19.8 87.5 11.9 52.5
Clay loams 10.2 45 21.5 95 11.3 50
Clay 14.7 65 22.6 100 7.9 35
Source: ‘WATER’ : The year book of Agriculture. 1955, USDA, USA

18. plantavailablewaterplantavailablewater
Sadras et al.,1996
PAWPAW--plantavailablewaterplantavailablewater

19. Water Requirement (WR) is quantity of water required by a
crop for its normal production under field conditions it includes
(i) consumptive use of water (CU)
(ii) water used for land prep, sowing transplanting,
leaching of salts cultural operations
(iii) unavoidable losses of water from crop fields such
as deep percolation losses
Rapeseed=200-300 mm ; transplanted rice=1000 to 2500 mmRapeseed=200-300 mm ; transplanted rice=1000 to 2500 mm
CU of rice is 400-500 mm not much different from other crops
Y_
WR
WUE-F (Kg/mm water)= ….Equation 3
Where Y is (Yield in kg/ha) and WR is the seasonal water requirement of crop in (ha mm)
Rice =3.7 kg/mm water and for wheat is 12-14 kg/mm of water in semiarid
conditions in India
Field water use efficiency (WUE-F)

20. Drought condition
Drought is lack of plant available moisture in the
environment (soil).
During drought period the matric potential of
water in soils is anywhere between -15 bars to -60
bars (or lower) and atmospheric RH below 50 to
10%; corresponding water potentials in air then
are -1000 bars and -3200 bars respectively.
10%; corresponding water potentials in air then
are -1000 bars and -3200 bars respectively.
Wet year= year in which the total precipitation
exceeds by more than twice the normal
deviation (ND) of rainfall of the last 50 years
average.
Drought year =when annual precipitation in the
area falls short of the last 50 years average
rainfall by more than twice the normal
deviation

21. Drought stress types
Early Drought-vegetative
growth stage
Intermittent mid season
drought- tillering and mid
grain fillinggrain filling
Late drought-flowering and
grain filling

22. • Leaf tip drying & rolling of leaves
• Water Stress delays flowering
• Poor panicle exertion
Effect of drought on rice
• Poor panicle exertion
• High pollen and spikelet sterility
•Poor grain filling (half filled)
•Grain shedding
• Partial drying of spikelets

23. Complexity : Drought
Early Drought –Terminal salinity
Flash flooding -Terminal droughtFlash flooding -Terminal drought
Genetic overlap of salinity and droughtGenetic overlap of salinity and drought
tolerance traitstolerance traits
Drought with submergence/anaerobicDrought with submergence/anaerobic
germination tolerancegermination tolerance ––possible solutionpossible solution

24. Salinity & drought – a growing threat
Salinity area is steadily on the rise even in the
traditional irrigated rice areas
Drought adds up to salinity problem in multifold
Conventional breeding approaches have yet to
come out with desired resultscome out with desired results
Molecular breeding approaches can be the most
effective and result oriented approach under
given circumstances.
Molecular QTL/gene pyramiding: the ultimate
step

25. Character(s) Population Type Size QTL# Reference
Drought
Shoot biomass, root morphology, root thickness CT9993 X IR62266 DHL 154 44 Kamoshita et al.
Shoot biomass, root morphology, root thickness IR58821 X IR52561 RIL 166 31 Kamoshita et al.
Tiller and root number, thickness, dry weight CO39 X Moroberekan RIL* 203 18 Champoux et al. (1995)
Root morphology and root distribution IR64 X Azucena DHL 105 39 Yadav et al. (1997)
Root morphology, root cell length Azucena X Bala F2 178 24 Price and Tomos (1997)
Tiller, total and penetrated root number, ratio Azucena X Bala RIL 205 18 Price et al. (2000)
Root length, number, thickness, penetration index IR58821 X IR52561 RIL 166 28 Ali et al. (2000)
Root thickness, root penetration index CT9993 X IR62266 DHL 154 5 Zhang et al. (2001)
Tiller and root number, penetration ability CO39 X Moroberekan RIL 203 39 Ray et al. (1996)
Salinity & drought tolerant QTL studies
Root thickness, root penetration index IR64 X Azucena DHL 109 12 Zheng et al. (2000)
Osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance CO39 X Moroberekan RIL 52 7 Lilly et al. (1996)
Osmotic adjustment under drought CT9993 X IR62266 DHL 154 5 Zhang et al. (2001)
Morphological and physiological traits IR64 X Azucena DHL 56 15 Hemamalini et al. (2000)
Leaf rolling, leaf drying, RWC, growth rate IR64 X Azucena DHL 105 42 Courtois et al. (2000)
Leaf size and ABA accumulation IR20 X 63-83 F2 123 17 Quarrie et al. (1997)
Leaf rolling and stomatal conductance Azucena X Bala F2 178 8 Price et al. (1997)
CMS under drought CT9993 X IR62266 DHL 104 9 Tripathy et al. (2000)
Na+, K+ uptake and concentration Nona Bokra X Pokkali
//IR4630 X IR10167
RIL 150 16 Flowers et al. (2000)
Salinity Tolerance
Na+, K+ uptake and concentration Nona Bokra X Pokkali
//IR4630 X IR10167
RIL 150 16 Flowers et al. (2000)
Dry mass, Na+, K+ uptake, concentration and ratio IR4630 X IR15324 RIL 118 25 Koyama et al. (2001)

26. Breeding objective
“high yield potential”
with “DT”with “DT”

27. Improved DT varieties must:
Produce higher yield than check varieties in the
TPE under all types of drought stress -frequently
Produce high yields in absence of stress.Produce high yields in absence of stress.

28. BC populations
QTL analysis
Molecular markerPhenotype
Procedures of molecular breeding
Pyramiding breeding
Improved
varieties
Phenotype & genotyping

29. Less Progress in DT breeding
Cannot reliably
measure DT Higher G*E
Lower H

30. Learning objectives
How to screen the DT lines withHow to screen the DT lines with
higher repeatability?
knowing the target environment
Phenotyping the traits correctly;
Direct selection for yield
Indirect selection for DT related traits

31. Knowing the target environment
for your breeding program

32. Successful DT breeding programs must
define:
the target population environment (TPE);
the stress of target environment: timing,the stress of target environment: timing,
intensity, duration, uniformity of the
stress

33. Dataset of target population of
environments (TPE)
Characterization of the envir.
conditions at the plot levelconditions at the plot level
Characterization of the envir.
conditions at the genotype level

34. Classical equations for yield
estimation under drought
Yield=ET××××T/ET××××TE××××HI(Passioura,1977)
Yield=∑ (PPFD××××εa ×××× εb )××××HI
PPFD=photosynthetic photon flux density (Moonteith,1977).
Yield= grain number ×××× indiv. grain wt.
DM (biomass) = T ×××× WUE and
Yield = DM ×××× HI
where T is the water transpired by the crop and WUE = water-use
efficiency, the efficiency of dry matter produced per unit of T.
Note: The proportion of the total available water that is transpired
by the crop ranges from 0.6 for upland rice to 0.3 for lowland rice.

35. Determinants of Yield under drought
Grain yield is a function of
RAD = incident radiation per day (15 to 20 MJ m–2
under tropical conditions)
% RI = fraction of radiation intercepted by green leaves
(around 95% at the time of full canopy development,
but only 45% for the crop life cycle)
GLD = green leaf duration, or number of days leaves
remain green (e.g., 120days in high-yielding varietiesremain green (e.g., 120days in high-yielding varieties
[HYVs] and 140+ days in traditional varieties)
RUE = radiation-use efficiency (about 2.0 g biomass
[shoot] DM MJ–1) under non limiting conditions
HI = harvest index (proportion of shoot dry matter
that is grain [e.g., 0.5 in HYVs, 0.3 in traditional
varieties]
(Bänziger et al 2000)

36. Environmental parameters-plot
level
Light: Daily irradiance, PPFD
Air Temperature:
Canopy temperature: Infra red thermometersCanopy temperature: Infra red thermometers
RH,vapour pressure deficit (VPD), ET0
Water status: plant & soil

37. Water
rainfall-irrigation
Environmental parametersEnvironmental parameters--
plot levelplot level --cont.cont.
rainfall-irrigation
initial soil water content in the field
depth of a water table
Soil characters:
Biotic stress

38. Crop phenology/synchronisation with
the timing of water deficit
Environmental parametersEnvironmental parameters
sensed by plant at plant levelsensed by plant at plant level
Individual plant water status
Plant nutrients

39. a
ba
Crop sensitivity isCrop sensitivity is stagestage--specificspecific
EARLY DROUGHT INTERMITTENT DROUGHT
Three types of drought based
on free water level
(Fischers et al., 2003)
a
c
EARLY DROUGHT
LATE DROUGHT
INTERMITTENT DROUGHT

40. Simulation of target environment
(field & plant level)

41. *test hypothesis
*maximise the differences
among the test plant materials
Controlled EnvironmentControlled Environment
*maximise the differences
among the test plant materials
*understand better plant
adaptation strategies

42. Controlled environments
Dry seasonDry season
Exp sites

43. Experimental site
Not to simulate a farmers
field but to simulate clearly
defined stress that is relevantdefined stress that is relevant
in farmer’s field-characteristic
of TPE

44. How to manage the drought
environmentenvironment

45. 1. Start with a uniform fields and
managing them uniformly
Choose a level field with minimum variation in soil
depth and texture;
if you apply irrigation, it must be uniform in
depth, replicates or incomplete blocks shoulddepth, replicates or incomplete blocks should
be placed inside a basin;
If using sprinkler, the irrigation must be applied
when there is little wind……
“How to manage the drought environment”“How to manage the drought environment”

46. 2. Know what happened in the
field
Record the presence or absence of the standing
water weekly;
Knowing the water depth above and below the
ground;ground;
Multi-locus water records for each trial located
across any perceived water gradient.
“How to manage the drought environment”“How to manage the drought environment”

47. 3.Keep out unwanted water
Sowing at a time of year when you expect a good
chance of low rainfall;
Use a rain exclusion shelter;
Check for the water table to avoid the entry of
unwanted water from the adjacent areas.
“How to manage the drought environment”“How to manage the drought environment”

48. 4. Remove water at the desired time
Drought stress should match flowering stageDrought stress should match flowering stage
Seedling stage: irrigation for good plant standSeedling stage: irrigation for good plant stand
Vegetative phase: progressive water deficitVegetative phase: progressive water deficit
Flowering period: drought conditionsFlowering period: drought conditions
Grain filling: well watered conditionsGrain filling: well watered conditions
“How to manage the drought environment”“How to manage the drought environment”

49. 5.How severe a drought stress?
reduces yield by 50% or more
Recurrent parents gets killed
completely-BC populationscompletely-BC populations
“How to manage the drought environment”“How to manage the drought environment”

50. 6.Correction for difference in flowering
dates
Rice is very sensitive to the
drought around the flowering.
Stagger the planting dates so that
all genotypes flower at the same
time.
“How to manage the drought environment”“How to manage the drought environment”

51. 7. Conduct a companion nursery under
well-watered conditions
Estimate the severity of the
controlled environment as the
mean reduction in yield betweenmean reduction in yield between
the well watered and the drought
conditions
“How to manage the drought environment”“How to manage the drought environment”

52. 8. Use tolerance parent in crossing
practice
As with all breeding programs,
progress will be greater with the use
of parents that have demonstrated
yield superiority in the targetyield superiority in the target
domain.
One of the useful strategy is to
backcross simply valuable traits into
a mega cultivar.
“How to manage the drought environment”“How to manage the drought environment”

53. The “value” added approach – backcross breeding
Widely
adaptable
high yield
Add new genes/traits
by backcross breeding
IR64 introgression
lines with improved
target traitshigh yield
varieties (IR64)
target traits
Discovery of desirable QTLs using
DNA markers and MAS for
pyramiding QTLs
IR64 lines with improved
target traits and the “same”
yield potential and quality

54. How to reduce the
experimental error variance?

55. 1. Increasing the number of environments
where lines are evaluated.
2. Increasing the number of replicates in an
experiment
3. Using uniform fields and managing them
uniformlyuniformly
4. Use replicate check lines in early
screening nurseries
5. Using improved statistical designs that
partly control the variation within a
replicate & using statistical analysis tools
that consider spatial variation

56. How to screen the DT lines with
higher yield potential?
know the target environment
Phenotyping the traits;
Direct selection for yield
Indirect selection for DT related traits
Direct selection for yield
Indirect selection for DT related traits

57. Identify DT varieties thatIdentify DT varieties that
produce more grain under stress

58. Fischer et al.,2003Fischer et al.,2003

59. DT screening
facilities
Direct selection for yieldDirect selection for yield

60. Drought screenDrought screenDrought screenDrought screen
facility in Shanghaifacility in Shanghaifacility in Shanghaifacility in Shanghai
(3400m(3400m(3400m(3400m2222))))

61. Screen of the BC3F2 populations for DT under the field conditions
Drought screen in Hainan

63. How to increase response to
direct selection for yield?

64. Selection
environment
Drought TPE
rrGG
H

65. Broad sense heritability (H) of line
means in a multi-environment trial
Fischer et al.,2003Fischer et al.,2003

66. Example : Estimating the relative effects of increasing
replications, sites and years on heritability (H) & some
estimates of variance components for rainfed LL & UL
Fischer et al.,2003Fischer et al.,2003

67. Ways to increase response to
direct selection for yield
Ensure the selection environment (SE) is
representative of the TPE
The early selection for yield under droughtThe early selection for yield under drought
and irrigated conditions.
Increase the selection intensity
Increase the heritability

68. How to screen the DT lines with
higher yield potential?
know the target environment
Phenotyping the traits;
Direct selection for yield
Indirect selection for DT related traitsIndirect selection for DT related traits

69. Breaking down the complex traits and
evaluating potential of components

70. Yield under Drought
For yield QTL, too much environment influence
the yield performance, even in the same plot,
Photoperiod-Light is different during whole cycle
this difference is large -great influence on yieldthis difference is large -great influence on yield
under drought condition.

71. Genetic improvement for DT by
selecting for yield over locations &
years are slow
because of low heritability of yield
under stress,
Inherent variation in the field
Limitation of only one experimental
drought crop/ year

72. Plant is complex adaptive
systems
Plant respond to G*M*E at crop level;
Phenotypic responses and fitness occur at plant
level;
Adjustments occur at organ/tissue level;Adjustments occur at organ/tissue level;
Gene network drivers reside at cellular level;
Adaptation via systems of information flow and
control

73. PhenologyPhenology
(drought escape(drought escape)
unpredictable,
intermittent drought
Mild or medium stress

74. Yield improvements in water limited
environments achieved by identifying
secondary traits contributing to
drought resistance and selecting for
those traits in a breeding program.
Effectiveness of selection for
secondary traits to improve yield
under water-limiting conditions -
demonstrated in maize and wheat.

75. Using secondary traits can give
additional information about how
yield will change under drought and
hasten that progress.
Potential trait should be placed inPotential trait should be placed in
the process of yield formation or of
the other characters of interest.

76. Secondary traits can be useful if:
1. Genetically correlated to the yield in TPE
2. Highly heritable in the SE
3. Not associated with the poor yield under
un-stressed environment
4. Easily and economically

77. What secondary traits used?What secondary traits used?

78. Selected secondary traits expected to be of
value in DT breeding programs
Fischer et al.,2003Fischer et al.,2003

79. Flowering date: 50% of the
productive tillers in a plot have
emerged.
Flowering delay: days to floweringFlowering delay: days to flowering
in stress environment- days to
flowering in control environment.

80. Spikelet fertility: number of filled
grain/number of total grains.

82. Leaf Drying
the degree of leaf drying was assessed visually
on a scale of 1–5
1 = no evidence of drying,1 = no evidence of drying,
5 = all leaves apparently dead
essentially according to the standard evaluation
system of IRRI (1996) .

83. Leaf drying score: a visual score for
total leaf area lost by desiccation.

84. Leaf Rolling
Degree of leaf rolling was assessed visually on
a scale of 1–5
1 = unrolled,
5 = fully rolled
Standard EvaluationStandard Evaluation
System of IRRISystem of IRRI
(1996).(1996).

86. Leaf rollingLeaf rolling
LessLess
developeddeveloped
rootroot
largerlarger
leaf area,leaf area,
BMBM
Less osmoticLess osmotic
ajustmentajustment
YieldYield
n/an/a
1.1.Time the plant began to experience stressTime the plant began to experience stress
2.2.Whether the stress is uniform in the nurseryWhether the stress is uniform in the nursery
yy

87. Crop temperature measured by infra
thermometer, Crop T is a stress indicator

88. Relatively lower CT in
drought stressed crop plants
indicates a relatively better
capacity for taking up soilcapacity for taking up soil
moisture and for maintaining a
relatively better plant water
status.

89. Canopy temperature
1.1. Measurement around midday forMeasurement around midday for
population within 2 hrspopulation within 2 hrs
2.2. Thermometer has a fixed angle viewThermometer has a fixed angle view
3.3. Reading made with the sun at theReading made with the sun at the
back of theback of the operateroperater
4.4. No cloud & windNo cloud & wind4.4. No cloud & windNo cloud & wind
5.5. Nursery with running check varietyNursery with running check variety
6.6. CT result of interactiveCT result of interactive envtenvt..
conditions: Ta, RH andconditions: Ta, RH and radrad etc.etc.
7.7. Necessity ofNecessity of envtenvt characterizationcharacterization
to interpretto interpret TpTp in terms of stressin terms of stress
indexindex

90. lineline ControlControl StressStress DiffDiff
GG1GG1 DK98DK98 28.9328.93 31.4731.47 2.532.53
DK159DK159 29.9329.93 32.7332.73 2.802.80
DK164DK164 29.3329.33 32.3332.33 3.003.00
29.4029.40±±±±±±±±0.500.50 32.1832.18±±±±±±±±0.650.65 2.782.78
GG2GG2 DK106DK106 30.6730.67 31.8731.87 1.201.20
DK135DK135 31.6031.60 34.2034.20 2.602.60
DK175DK175 31.8731.87 36.9336.93 5.075.07
31.3831.38±±±±±±±±0.630.63 34.3334.33±±±±±±±±2.542.54 2.962.96
The flag leaf
temperature of the DT
lines and IR64 under
drought and irrigated
conditions
31.3831.38±±±±±±±±0.630.63 34.3334.33±±±±±±±±2.542.54 2.962.96
GG3GG3 DK124DK124 32.5332.53 38.6738.67 6.136.13
DK147DK147 32.7332.73 40.1340.13 7.407.40
DK177DK177 31.8031.80 39.4039.40 7.607.60
32.3632.36±±±±±±±±0.490.49 39.439.4±±±±±±±±.73.73 7.047.04
GG4GG4 DK99DK99 34.9334.93 38.2038.20 3.273.27
DK143DK143 33.1333.13 38.8738.87 5.735.73
DK184DK184 36.2736.27 40.0740.07 3.803.80
34.7834.78±±±±±±±±1.571.57 39.0439.04±±±±±±±±0.950.95 4.274.27
CKCK IR64IR64 32.5332.53±±±±±±±±0.230.23 37.8737.87±±±±±±±±0.240.24 5.335.33

91. Fischer et al.,2003Fischer et al.,2003

92. Traits reflect plant water status
RWC(%) :
RWC(%) [(FW-DW) / (TW-DW)] x 100
TW=sample turgid weight
FW=sample fresh weight
DW=sample dry weight
Leaf water potential
Osmotic adjustment

93. RWC is an appropriate estimate
of plant water status in terms of
cellular hydration under the possible
effect of both LWP and OA.
turgid- >97%turgid- >97%
wilt - 60~70%
desiccated- <40%
RWC(%) [(FW-DW) / (TW-DW)] x 100

94. LWP as an estimate of plant water status is useful in
dealing with water transport in the soil-plant-
atmosphere continuum.
Indirect measurement of soil water potential
LWP values measured before dawn provide the
highest LWP and
Leaf water potential (LWP)
LWP values measured before dawn provide the
highest LWP and
Come to an equilibrium with water potential of
soil in root zone & current leaf water status.
LWP extremely dependent on environmental
conditions.

95. OA allow turgor maintenance at low
plant water potential -recognized
effective for drought resistance in
several crops.
Osmotic Adjustment (OA)Osmotic Adjustment (OA)
several crops.
OA is derived from the difference
between the osmotic potential of
irrigated and the stressed.

96. Drought screening
Peizometer
Raised bed furrow

97. ΨΨ: LWP: LWP

98. Putative physiological traits applied in
breeding for drought tolerance
vigor
Leaf development
Water use efficiency
component traits
Photosynthesis/stomataPhotosynthesis/stomata
regulation
Hormone control:ABA
Stay green/senescence
Grain fill duration and
rate

99. Precautions for collecting secondary
traits
Careful sampling procedure involving
Age of sampled organs;
Position of the considered organ in the canopy
(e.g. organ directly exposed to sunlight vs(e.g. organ directly exposed to sunlight vs
shaded) ;
Micrometeorological conditions at sampling (time
of the day, weather during the sampling)

100. Soil water potential: tensiometer, pressure
chamber
Soil water content: neutron probe, Time Domain
Reflectometry (TDR)
Soil water statusSoil water status--determinationdetermination
neutron probe
tensiometer TDR

101. Screening for tolerance for lowland drought
stressLowland fields regularly affected by drought are
-upper fields
-light soil texture.
Field without standing water -most -growing
seasonseason
-dry out repeatedly.
Field -target environment
: screening should mimic these conditions.

102. Protocol
1. Lowland drought screening trials should be conducted-level, well-
drained field at top of the topo-sequence. No irrigated or flooded trial
above this site.
2. Ground-water tube 1 m deep -installed in each replicate.
3. Lines screened in trials -3 replicates. Plots at least 2 rows.
4. Trials -transplanted into puddled soil. Field -drained about one week
after transplanting.
5. Field -allowed to dry until soil cracks & surface is completely dry. Field5. Field -allowed to dry until soil cracks & surface is completely dry. Field
should not be irrigated again until the local check variety is wilting &
water table is at least 1 m below the surface. If tensiometers are
installed the field should be irrigated when
soil water tension = -40 kPA at a depth of 20 cm.
6. One day after re-irrigation field -drained again.
7. Steps 5 and 6 should be repeated until harvest.
8. Yield and harvest index should be determined.

103. Screening for tolerance to upland stress
Screening in dry or wet season. Upland varieties -photoperiod-
insensitive, dry season- preferred- for reliably imposing stress.
Protocol
Upland drought trials -unbunded, well-drained field at top of
toposequence -no irrigated or flooded trial above drought site.
Ground-water tube 1 m deep installed in each replicate.
Lines screened in trials with 3 replicates & Plots least 2 rows.
Trials direct-sown into dry soil. Field irrigated to maintain soil at field
capacity or above until canopy closure, or for about 30 DAS.capacity or above until canopy closure, or for about 30 DAS.
At 30 DAS frequency irrigation- reduced.Fields allowed to dry until
surface is completely dry. Field not be irrigated again until check is
severely wilted& water table is 1 m below surface. Tensiometer-Field
irrigated-soil water tension = -50 kPA at depth 30 cm.
When the target level of soil dryness &plant stress reached- field
liberally irrigated. Enough water applied to saturate the root zone-
require 60-80 mm of water.
Steps 5 and 6 should be repeated until harvest.
Yield and harvest index should be determined.

104. Summary of selected drought tolerant BC2F3 plants
under lowland stress conditions in 2002 DS
Total plants selected
NPT IR64 Teqing
835 2192 210
Total
3237
# of selected plants
per population
16.4
(7.1%)
36.5
(15.9%)
4.5
(2.0%)
20.5
(8.9%)
Range
No. of I donors
0 - 85 0 - 110 0 - 30 0 - 110
35 (533) 34 (1376) 36 (118) 36
per population (7.1%) (15.9%) (2.0%) (8.9%)
No. of J donors 16 (47) 25 (816) 11 (92) 25
No. of populations 51 60 47 157

105. Molecular breeding and trait improvement by
designed QTL pyramiding
Development of large numbers of trait-specific introgression line (IL)
sets in elite rice genetic backgrounds as a platform for large scale rice
molecular breeding
Establishment of a high-throughput genotyping platform for large
scale genotyping of molecular breeding materials
Establishment of phenotypic, genetic and pedigree databases of the
developed IL sets for large scale MB by design.
Development of efficient analytical tools for the discovery of genes/QTLs
and the genetic networks of agronomic-important traits in IL sets.
Development and application of the fundamental principle and software
for improving multiple complex traits by designing intercrosses between
selected ILs and corresponding phenotypic and genotypic selection
schemes based on accurate genetic information of the parental ILs.

106. BC2F4 progeny testing
IR64 (CK) DT IR64 ILsIR64 ILs for quality

107. IR64 showing high level of sterility

108. A DT IR64 BC2F4 line with introgression
from OM1723

109. Yunnan Yunnan
Field screenField screen
Hainan

110. Advanced DT-IL
parentparentparentparentparentparentparentparent
Field screen for DT introgression lineField screen for DT introgression line

111. DroughtDrought
screen inscreen in
controlledcontrolled
environmentenvironment

112. DTDT--IL with IR64 genetic backgroundsIL with IR64 genetic backgrounds
ReRe--wateredwatered
stressstress
ITAT109ITAT109
DK108DK108
IR64IR64
DK108DK108IR64IR64

113. Root analysisRoot analysis

114. PD29
PD43

115. DTDTDTDT----ILILILILIR64IR64IR64IR64IR64IR64IR64IR64 IR64IR64IR64IR64DTDTDTDT----ILILILIL

116. Differential response of NIL plants under 15%PEG
to hormone treatments
PEG+ABA
PEG+GA3PEG+ethephon
PEG PEG+ABA

117. Effect of hormone on stress
tolerance
PEG PEG+ABA
PEG+GA3 PEG+ETH
Use of PEG to induce and control plant water deficit in
experimental hydroponics’ culture.

118. 辽优辽优辽优辽优5224在在在在06年辽宁省区年辽宁省区年辽宁省区年辽宁省区
试中的表现试中的表现试中的表现试中的表现
Water saving 70%Water saving 70%
The release of new
varieties with higher WUE

119. Jauhar Ali
Plant Breeder, Senior Scientist
IRRI-GSR Project Leader & Regional Coordinator (Asia)
PBGB, IRRI (J.Ali@irri.org)

120. Submergence Tolerance Screening in Screen house
1.Pre-germinate healthy seeds by soaking them in a petri dish containing distilled
water placed in an incubator (30oC) for 48 hours.
2.Prepare the planting medium by mixing 5 g of ammonium sulphate in 2.5 liter bucket
of soil.
3.Put the treated-soil in a seedbox (15x21inches or 38x53cms).
4.Make 12 rows in the seedbox.
5.Seed the pre-germinated seeds in the seedbox with spacing of ~1 cm (20-30
seeds/row).
6.Count the total number of seedlings and measure the average of the plant height of
Modified from : Xu K, Mackill DJ (1996) A major locus for submergence tolerance mapped on rice
chromosome 9. Mol Breeding 2:219-224.
6.Count the total number of seedlings and measure the average of the plant height of
each line before submergence (14 days after emergence).
7.Place the seedbox in submergence tank & fill the tank with fresh water (<1m depth).
8.Monitor the floodwater conditions daily (temperature, dissolved O2, light penetration,
and pH).
9.IR42 is used as susceptible check, and FR13A or other donors is used as tolerant
check. Check IR42 seedlings 10-14 days after submergence. If they are already 70-
80% chlorotic and very soft, you may remove the seedbox from the tank.
10.Measure the average of plant height of each line after removing the seedbox from
the water.
11.Count the percent survival rate at 10 and 21 days after de-submergence.

121. 1.Sow the seeds of each line in black trays using three seeds per
hole (each hill measures 1.5 (W) x 1.5 (L) x2.5 (H) cu cm). If black
trays are not available, seed them in seedboxes at the spacing of
4 cm between rows and 1cm between seeds.
2.Prepare the land in field tanks. Apply molluscicide after the first
and second harrowing.
3.After the final harrowing, apply 30:30:30:: N: P: K through
Submergence Screening in Field Tanks
Modified from: Xu K, Mackill DJ (1996) A major locus for submergence tolerance mapped on rice chromosome 9. Mol Breeding 2:219-224.
3.After the final harrowing, apply 30:30:30:: N: P: K through
complete fertilizer as basal along with full dose of Zn as Zinc
Sulphate (20 kg/ha).
4.Apply the remaining N (60 kg/ha) in to two splits through Urea,
first at maximum tillering and the second one at panicle initiation.
5.Transplant the seedling (14 d) in the field using two seedlings
per hill at 20X 20 cm2 distance.
6.Transplant extra IR42 seedling at one side of field to monitor the
submergence stress.

122. 7. Submerge seedlings completely two weeks after the transplanting time.
Plants will be completely submerged with a water head of 120-125 cm at
noon to give plants time to photosynthesize in the morning.
8. Monitor the floodwater conditions (temperature, light penetration,
dissolved O2, and pH) daily.
9. After 10d of submergence, uproot 5 plants daily from the extra rows of
IR42 to observe their condition. In case of severe submergence plants will
be 70-80% chlorotic and stems will be very soft. This condition is
Submergence field tanks-(continued)
be 70-80% chlorotic and stems will be very soft. This condition is
expected to come any day starting from 10 to 14 days depending upon
flood water quality and environmental conditions.
10.Just after desubmergence allow field to remain without water for 3-4
days. Afterward fill it with not more than 1-2 cm water until another 15 to
20 days; then increase water level to normal 5-7cm.
11.Measure plant height of the seedlings before and after submergence.
12.Percent survival will be taken 21 days after de-submergence.

123. Submergence screening: submergence tankSubmergence screening: submergence tankSubmergence screening: submergence tankSubmergence screening: submergence tank
Populations (BC1F2)
Single plant selections (BC1F3-5)
Day 0: Seed soaking
(pre-germinate at 30OC for 48 hours)
Planting medium – seed boxes
Day 17: Submergence
(count total no. of seedlings)
(Place in submergence tank with fresh
water at <1m depth)
Day 31: De-submergence
(Remove seed boxes from tank)Planting medium – seed boxes
mix 5 grams Ammonium sulphate in
2.5 kg soil and put in seed box (15in x
21in); make 12 rows in the seed box
Day 2: Sowing
(Sow pre-germinated seeds in
seedbox with spacing ~1cm; 20-30
seeds/row )
(Remove seed boxes from tank)
(count no. of surviving seedling at 10
& 21 days after de-submergence)
Day 52: Transplanting
(transplant surviving plants)
(Single seedling per hill)
Maturity: Harvesting
(Single plant harvesting)

124. SUBMERGEN
CE screeningCE screening
in screen house

126. Submergence mass screening: field tankSubmergence mass screening: field tankSubmergence mass screening: field tankSubmergence mass screening: field tank
Populations (BC1F2, 20g/pop’n.)
Single plant selections (BC1F3-5,
2g/line)
Seed beds:
From prepared land in field tanks,
prepare wet beds, <1m wide, make
rows at ~7cm distance.
Day 31:De-submergence
(Drain water from the tank)
Day 52: Scoring
(count for percent survival
21 days after de-submergence)rows at ~7cm distance.
Day 0: Sowing
(sow seeds at 10rows/population or
1row/line, cover with thin layer of soil)
Day 17: Submergence
(score for germination/emergence)
(measure average plant height)
(14 DAE, fill the tank with ~1m depth
of fresh water for 14 days)
21 days after de-submergence)
Transplanting
(transplant surviving plants)
(Single seedling per hill)
Maturity: Harvesting
(Single plant harvesting)

127. Screening of BC2F2 populations for
submergence tolerance in a deep-water pond
Thirty-five-day old seedlings were submerged under deep water for two weeks, then
allowed to recover

128. Anaerobic germination screeningAnaerobic germination screeningAnaerobic germination screeningAnaerobic germination screening
Seeds are direct seeded and immediately submerged in waterSeeds are direct seeded and immediately submerged in waterSeeds are direct seeded and immediately submerged in waterSeeds are direct seeded and immediately submerged in water
with 10 cm depth for 21 days. Lines showing high germinationwith 10 cm depth for 21 days. Lines showing high germinationwith 10 cm depth for 21 days. Lines showing high germinationwith 10 cm depth for 21 days. Lines showing high germination
score under low oxygen condition are identified.score under low oxygen condition are identified.score under low oxygen condition are identified.score under low oxygen condition are identified.

129. Jauhar Ali
Plant Breeder, Senior Scientist
IRRI-GSR Project Leader & Regional Coordinator (Asia)
PBGB, IRRI (J.Ali@irri.org)

130. •Sieve soil and transfer it in a plastic tray (plastic tray has 17 holes/row)
•Prepare 17-34 dry seeds/line (clean, fully filled and not discolored)
•Sow the dry seeds (dry seeding) with one seed one hill (total of 17-34
seeds/line), which each hill measures 1.5 (W) X 1.5 (L) X 2.5 (H) cu cm.
•Place the seed about 1 cm (not more) below the soil surface. When all the
rows in the plastic tray have seeds, cover the seeds entirely using the sieved
soil, filling up the hill.
Anaerobic Germination Screening Protocol
Modified from protocol developed by Dr. A. Ismail’s group, unpublished, CESD, IRRI
soil, filling up the hill.
•Submergence is done in the concrete table. Maintain the water depth of 5-7
cm. Observe daily, remove weeds and algae.
• Daily measure the water conditions (light, pH, O2, and temp level of water)
•Score for survival 21 days after seeding.
[The percent survival (seeds that germinated and seedlings emerged out of the
submerged condition) was recorded for each BC population and the surviving plants
were transferred to the field for seed production. Seeds from the surviving plants were
harvested and the progeny was tested under the same conditions in the following season
to confirm the tolerance of the selected AGT lines.]

131. Jauhar Ali
Plant Breeder, Senior Scientist
IRRI-GSR Project Leader & Regional Coordinator (Asia)
PBGB, IRRI (J.Ali@irri.org)

132. Screening for seedling cold tolerance
Twelve-day old seedlings were subjected to cold temperature for 18 days at the mean
daily temperature of 11.8 Co, including 3-day of low temperature at 8 Co between April
24-26 (LAAS, 2002).

133. Selection of 861 C418 plants with seedling cold tolerance
from 28 C418 BC2F2 populations 2002 (LAAS)
# of populations 28 2 26
BC2F2 CT donors
Non-CT
donors
Seedling Cold Tolerance (from NARES)
Range 1.4 – 19.3%
# of surviving plants
per population 10.3%
The mean population size was 310, ranging from 196 – 465, the recipient, C418 (japonica)
was killed by the stress.
10 – 16% 0 – 3.0%
0.314%
# of surviving plants
per BC population 10.3% 10.5%7.6%

134. NAFREC Lao PDR Luang Prabang
Lao PDR
FC&RI, Vietnam
FC&RI, Vietnam
CARDI Cambodia
Batalagoda,Sri
Lanka
Batalagoda,Sri Lanka
CARDI Cambodia
Phka Khgnei,
NIA, TandoJam, Pakistan
PT Sang Hyan Seri,Phka Khgnei,
Cambodia
PT Sang Hyan Seri,
Sukamandi, Indonesia
NIBGE, Faisalabad, Pakistan
RRI, Kala Shah Kaku
BRAC, Ghazipur
Irrigated
ICRR Pusakanegara
Irrigated
ICRR Sukamandi
Irrigated

135. CAMBODIA GSR Hybrid
CNH 9101
IR56383IR56383--3535--33--22--11 OR142-99 CAR9 PRM
CAMBODIA GSR Hybrid
TRIALS IG 80+5 cks
CNH 9107CNH 9111
Partially
water
stressed
under
irrigated
conditions
CNH 9097
CNH 9099

136. Initial GSR Success
stories in Asia:
Sri Lanka
CNH9050
3½ month
hybrid
desirable
identified
4½ month
hybrid
undesirable to
farmers
BG 407 H
GSR inbred performing well in
Sri Lanka under severely water
stressed rainfed lowland
conditions against their checks
CNI9024
BG358

137. Line
FGW-
stress(g)
FGW-S.Stress
(g)
%reduction in
yield DM-Stress
DM-
S.Stress
CNI25 222.0 204.0 8.8 116 123
CNI26 145.3 143.8 1.0 109 130
CNI 7 159.3 141.5 12.6 103 130
CNI21 141.9 132.9 6.8 113 130
CNI13 171.8 122.4 40.4 109 124
CNI10 166.8 112.1 48.8 109 130
CNI23 138.1 103.2 33.8 109 124
CNI14 145.6 100.7 44.6 103 130
SRI LANKAN RAINFED GSR INBRED SCREENING
CNI14 145.6 100.7 44.6 103 130
At308 150.4 93.4 61.0 103 130
CNI24 158.4 88.2 79.6 94 117
CNI28 135.2 76.4 77.0 90 86
Bg250 140.3 74.6 88.1 109 117
At581 174.4 74.5 134.1 103 130
Bg3R 156.0 58.7 165.8 103 130
At1382 120.1 45.5 164.0 103 124
Bg 304 165.4 40.9 304.4 94 124

138. SRI LANKASRI LANKA
--RRDIRRDI--STRESSSTRESS
SRI LANKASRI LANKA
--RRDIRRDI--SEVERE STRESSSEVERE STRESS PAKISTANPAKISTAN--KSKKSK--IGIG PAKISTANPAKISTAN--NIANIA--IGIG
EntryEntry
Yld(t/ha)Yld(t/ha)
StressedStressed
% over% over
checkcheck
EntryEntry
Yld(t/ha)Yld(t/ha)
S.StressedS.Stressed
% over% over
checkcheck
EntryEntry
Yld(t/ha)Yld(t/ha)
(IG)(IG)
%%
overover
checkcheck
EntryEntry
Yld(t/ha)Yld(t/ha)
(IG)(IG)
% over% over
checkcheck
CNI9003CNI9003 2353.02353.0 34.934.9 CNI9025CNI9025 20402040 118.4118.4 CNI9021CNI9021 34463446 18.6518.65 CNI9023CNI9023 67736773 46.8146.81
CNI9025CNI9025 2220.02220.0 27.327.3 CNI9031CNI9031 16571657 77.477.4 CNI9031CNI9031 32853285 13.1213.12 CNI9015CNI9015 65336533 41.6141.61
CNI9011CNI9011 2153.02153.0 23.523.5 CNI9026CNI9026 14381438 54.054.0 CNI9001CNI9001 30853085 6.226.22 CNI9016CNI9016 58675867 27.1627.16
CNI9018CNI9018 1913.01913.0 9.79.7 CNI9007CNI9007 14151415 51.551.5 CNI9009CNI9009 30263026 4.194.19 CNI9003CNI9003 56005600 21.3821.38
CNI9029CNI9029 1861.01861.0 6.76.7 CNI9021CNI9021 13291329 42.342.3 CNI9012CNI9012 29362936 1.101.10 CNI9026CNI9026 52805280 14.4414.44
At581At581 1744.01744.0 0.00.0 CNI9013CNI9013 12241224 31.031.0 IR6IR6 29002900 --0.130.13 CNI9018CNI9018 50675067 9.829.82
CNI9013CNI9013 1718.01718.0 --1.51.5 CNI9010CNI9010 11211121 20.020.0 CNI9030CNI9030 28692869 --1.191.19 CNI9019CNI9019 50675067 9.829.82
Adaptability GSR inbred trial (31) in South Asia
At 308At 308 1698.01698.0 --2.62.6 CNI9017CNI9017 10831083 16.016.0 CNI9004CNI9004 28592859 --1.551.55 CNI9012CNI9012 46134613 0.000.00
CNI9030CNI9030 1669.01669.0 --4.34.3 CNI9023CNI9023 10321032 10.510.5 CNI9020CNI9020 27312731 --5.955.95 KSKKSK--282282 46134613 0.000.00
CNI9010CNI9010 1668.01668.0 --4.44.4 At308At308 934934 0.00.0 CNI9011CNI9011 27082708 --6.766.76 CNI9001CNI9001 45604560 --1.161.16
Bg 304Bg 304 1654.01654.0 --5.25.2 Bg250Bg250 746746 --20.120.1 CNI9007CNI9007 26732673 --7.967.96 CNI9007CNI9007 43734373 --5.215.21
Bg3RBg3R 1560.01560.0 --10.610.6 At581At581 745745 --20.220.2 KSK 133KSK 133 20622062 --29.0029.00 CNI9014CNI9014 43474347 --5.795.79
At308At308 1504.01504.0 --13.813.8 At 308At 308 637637 --31.831.8 DRDR--8383 17301730 --40.4440.44 IR6IR6 42934293 --6.946.94
Bg250Bg250 1403.01403.0 --19.619.6 Bg3RBg3R 587587 --37.237.2
At1382At1382 1201.01201.0 --31.131.1 At1382At1382 455455 --51.351.3
Bg 304Bg 304
409409 --56.256.2
PlotPlot
SizeSize
1.0m1.0m22 1.0m1.0m22 1.25m1.25m22 1.25m1.25m22
No. ofNo. of
Lines >Lines >
CheckCheck 55 1010 55 88

139. Adaptability GSR inbred trial (31) in S. E. Asia

140. Adaptability GSR hybrid trial (122) in South Asia

141. Adaptability GSR hybrid trial (122) in South East Asia

142. BG407H GSR-H-0158
Irrigated condition,
Batalgoda, Sri Lanka

143. Ragged stunt virus-
BPH outbreak in
Sukamandi, Indonesia
Ragged stunt virus-
BPH –Tolerant
inbred lines
Promising Multiple
disease resistant
GSR hybrids at
Jakenan rainfed
conditions DS2010

144. Jakenan, Indonesia GSR trials: 42 DT hybrids
+ 3 checks & 31 DT inbreds + 4 checks
(4th March 2010)
GSR hybrid under rainfed
hand dibbled direct seeded
Ciherang check variety

145. ThanksThanks

146. Thanks
Reference:Reference:
Training manual Fischer K.2003 ”BreedingTraining manual Fischer K.2003 ”Breeding
rice for droughtrice for drought--prone environments”prone environments”
available in theavailable in the
web:http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/drought/web:http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/drought/web:http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/drought/web:http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/drought/
web:http://www.plantstress.com/web:http://www.plantstress.com/

147. Jauhar Ali*Jauhar Ali*
Yongli Zhou#
*International Rice Research Institute
#Institute of Crop Science, CAAS

148. 15
20
25
30
Hua 564
Hua 565
Wanxian 763
Wanxian 77
Huanghuazhan
Hexi 41
Yunjing 23
SAGC-4
SAGC-7
Zhonghua 1
Weed Tolerant Rice 1
Wuyujing 3
Wuyujing 20
Bacterialblightlesionlength(cm)
Resistant
Susceptible
0
5
10
0 5 10 15
Blast (%DLA)
053A-3
BD007
Cau 1
Cau 2
Yundao 1
Luyin 46
RC8
6527
JH15-1-1-1
PD29
D4098
Resistant
Susceptible
Bacterialblightlesionlength(cm)

149. Population Cross Donor
Gen.
Number of lines
(10
DS)
HHZ5 Huang-Hua-Zhan*2/OM1723 OM1723 BC1F5 75
HHZ8 Huang-Hua-Zhan*2/Phalguna Phalguna BC1F5 56
HHZ9 Huang-Hua-Zhan*2/IR50 IR50 BC1F5 62
HHZ11 Huang-Hua-Zhan*2/IR64 IR64 BC1F5 56
Materials evaluated for blast and bacterial blight resistance
HHZ12 Huang-Hua-Zhan*2/Teqing Teqing BC1F5 66
HHZ15 Huang-Hua-Zhan*2/PSBRC66 PSBRc66 BC1F5 45
HHZ17 Huang-Hua-Zhan*2/CDR22 CDR22 BC1F5 70
HHZ19 Huang-Hua-Zhan*2/PSBRC28 PSBRc28 BC1F5 82
by Dr. Xu in 2010-2011

150. 10
15
20
25
30
PXO 61
PXO 86
PXO 79
PXO 340
PXO 71
PXO 112
PXO 99
PXO 145
PXO 280
PXO 339
PXO 341
PXO 347
0
5 PXO 349
PXO 363
Interaction among 14 Xoo strains and selected lines in HHZ15 population.

151. Blast evaluation of virulent strainsBlast evaluation of virulent strains
Evaluation of BB resistance of >500 linesEvaluation of BB resistance of >500 lines
(HHZ background) against 14 strains of(HHZ background) against 14 strains of
1010 XooXoo races, 2010 WSraces, 2010 WS
HHZ PSBRc66 BC1F5 # 329 BC1F5 #350Meirong Xu et al

152. Zhongzu14-ski-4-1

153. BPH and Virus Resistance Screening
IRRI-ICRR joint project collaborators: Prof.Baehaki/Drs Muhsin,Untung
• 30 BC3F2 and BC2F3 population (CS 3)
• 39 BC3F3 and BC2F4 population (CS 4; 3rd
year)ongoing
BC2 F3 HHZ populations screened against virulent BPH
strain that caused outbreak in Sukamandi in 2010
Several populations showed ILs with comparable
resistance with the checks in second round of screening.
ICRR 8.2011