http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-events/sdg-indicator-2a1/en/

1. Workshop on SDG Indicator 2.a.1;
Turin, Italy, 27-28 March 2018
INTRODUCTION
Sangita Dubey, Senior Statistician/Team Leader, FAO
Titus Mwisomba, Manager of Agriculture Statistics, Tanzania Bureau of Statistics
Giulia Gonnella, Statistician, FAO

2. AGENDA 2030 AND THE 17 SDG GOALS …
... Leaving no one behind

3. In committing to the realization of the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development, Member States recognized that the
dignity of the individual is fundamental and that the Agenda’s
Goals and targets should be met for all nations and people and
for all segments of society. Furthermore, they endeavoured to
reach first those who are furthest behind
Leaving no one behind …
Working together and
coordinating efforts is
essential in moving
forward on Agenda
2030

4. PROCESS TO DEFINE THE GLOBAL SDG INDICATOR
FRAMEWORK
 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as a guide for
governments and institutions over the next 15 years (now in full
implementation mode),
 UN Statistical Commission responsible for developing the SDG
monitoring framework
 Inter-Agency Expert Group on SDG indicators (IAEG-SDG) to
prepare an initial proposal and oversee this work
• 28 countries as members, representing their respective
regions. 1/3 of the members rotate every two years;
• International organizations only as observers;
 Selection process of global indicator framework led by countries

5. THE ROLE OF CUSTODIAN AGENCIES
For each SDG indicator a custodian agency has been identified to:
• Lead methodological development and documentation of
the indicators
• Support statistical capacity of countries to generate and
disseminate national data
• Collect data from national sources, ensure their
comparability and consistency, and disseminate them at
global level
• Contribute to monitor progress at the global, regional and
national levels (e.g. storyline and data for the annual SDG
reports, Agencies’ flagship publications)

6. SDG INDICATORS UNDER FAO CUSTODIANSHIP
 GOAL 2 – ZERO HUNGER
2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.4.1, 2.5.1, 2.5.2, 2.a.1, 2.c.1
 GOAL 5 – GENDER EQUALITY
5.a.1, 5.a.1
 GOAL 6 – CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION
6.4.1, 6.4.2
FAO is the custodian UN agency for 21 of the 217 SDG
indicators:

7. SDG INDICATORS UNDER FAO CUSTODIANSHIP
 GOAL 12 – RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION
12.3.1
 GOAL 14 – LIFE BELOW WATER
14.4.1, 14.6.1, 14.7.1, 14.b.1
 GOAL 15 – LIFE ON LAND
15.1.1, 15.2.1., 15.4.2
FAO is the custodian UN agency for 21 of the 217 SDG
indicators:

8. SDG INDICATORS UNDER FAO CUSTODIANSHIP
 GOAL 1 – NO POVERTY
1.5.2
 GOAL 14 – LIFE BELOW WATER
14.c.1
 GOAL 15 – LIFE ON LAND
15.3.1, 15.6.1.
FAO is also a contributing agency for a further 4 SDG
indicators:

9. FAO KEY AREAS OF WORK ON SDG INDICATORS
• Regular contribution to global SDG monitoring and
reporting;
• Supporting countries and regions in the preparation of
SDG progress reports, assisting in data gap analyses and
identification of national SDG indicator focal points;
• Development of new definitions and methodologies for
SDG indicators;
• Provision of statistical capacity support and technical
assistance across all 21 SDG indicators under FAO
custodianship;
• Communication and advocacy on SDG indicators.

10. OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOP
• To enhance the knowledge of the methodology and
process for compiling SDG Indicator 2.a.1 – the
Agriculture Orientation Index for Government
Expenditures
• To understand the strengths and limitations of this
indictor, and the importance of national context in its use
• To discuss challenges in compiling government
expenditure data and Indicator 2.a.1
• To discuss solutions and innovations to overcome
these challenges

11. SDG GOAL 2
End hunger, achieve food security and
improved nutrition, and promote
sustainable agriculture.

12. SDG GOAL 2 AND ITS 8 TARGETS
• 2.1 : By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in
particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including
infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round
• 2.2: By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving,
by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and
wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the
nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating
women and older persons
2.3: By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of
small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous
peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including
through secure and equal access to land, other productive
resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and
opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment

13. SDG GOAL 2 AND ITS 8 TARGETS
• 2.4: By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and
implement resilient agricultural practices that increase
productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems,
that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change,
extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that
progressively improve land and soil quality
• 2.5: By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated
plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related
wild species, including through soundly managed and
diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and
international levels, and promote access to and fair and
equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of
genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as
internationally agreed.

14. SDG GOAL 2 AND ITS 8 TARGETS
• 2.a: Increase investment, including through enhanced
international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural
research and extension services, technology development and
plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural
productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least
developed countries.
• 2.b: Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world
agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms
of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent
effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round.
• 2.c: Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity
markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market
information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food
price volatility

15. SDG GOAL 2 TARGET 2.a aims to:
Increase investment, including through
enhanced international cooperation, in rural
infrastructure, agricultural research and
extension services, technology development
and plant and livestock gene banks in order to
enhance agricultural productive capacity in
developing countries, in particular least
developed countries.

16. SDG GOAL 2, TARGET 2.a & INDICATOR 2.a.1
Indicator 2.a.1 monitors progress in
achieving Target 2.a
Indicator 2.a.1: The Agriculture Orientation
Index (AOI) for Government Expenditures:
• refers to domestic public flows to agriculture
• compares central government’s relative contribution
to the agricultural sector compared to the sector’s
contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

17. INDICATOR 2.A.1 - FORMULA
𝑨𝑶𝑰
=
𝑨𝒈𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝑺𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝑮𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑬𝒙𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆
𝑨𝒈𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝑺𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑮𝑫𝑷
=
𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐺𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐺𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
∗ 100
𝐴𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑
𝐺𝐷𝑃
∗ 100
Agriculture includes forestry, fishing and hunting.

18. INDICATOR 2.A.1. - METHODOLOGY & CLASSIFICATIONS
AOI =
Agriculture share of GDP
based
on
Governance Finance
Statistics methodology
The Classification of the
Functions of
Government
based
on
System of National Accounts
International Standard
Industrial Classification of
All Economic Activities
Agriculture share of government expenditure

19. TABLE A: Government expenditure on agriculture and
related functions
General Government
Central Government
State
Government
s
Local
Government
s
Consolidatio
n Column
General
Government4
Budgetary
Central
Government
Extrabudgetar
y Units
Social Security
Funds
Consolidation
Column
Central
Government3
Functional classification2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
7 EXPENDITURE (TOTAL OUTLAYS)
704 Economic Affairs
7042 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
→ Recurrent
→ Capital
70421 Agriculture (crops and animal husbandry)
→ Recurrent
→ Capital
70422 Forestry
→ Recurrent
→ Capital
70423 Fishing and hunting
→ Recurrent
→ Capital
7048 R&D Economic Affairs
70482 R&D Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
705 Environmental protection
7054 Protection of Biodiversity and Landscape
→ Recurrent
→ Capital
7055 R&D Environmental Protection
→ Recurrent
→ Capital
7z1
Other, please specify:
________________________
7z2
Other, please specify:
________________________
Central government
expenditure on
agriculture
Total central
government
expenditure
GEA
Questionn
aire: List of
COFOG
categories
FAO-GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON AGRICULTURE
(GEA) QUESTIONNAIRE & INDICATOR 2.a.1
2.a.1 numerator components from the GEA questionnaire.

20. WORKSHOP OUTLINE
• Government Finance Statistics (GFS) methodology
o Identifying expenditures,
o Identifying Government Sectors and subsectors,
• Tanzanian case study in compiling GEA data
• Indicator 2.a.1 – Compilation, rationale, and use,
• Mapping government expenditure against COFOG
and compiling the FAO GEA questionnaire
• Indicator 2.a.1 - Interpretation