steel structure designing

2. Subject Teacher;
Respected Sir;
Zahid hussain khaskheli

3. Participants
1.Khalil ur Rehman ( G L )
L-14CE-55
2.Shankar Lal Sachdev
L-14CE-40
3. Muhammad Tashfeen
L-14CE-45
4.Kamran Khan
L-14CE-14
5.Murtajiz Khan
L-14CE-54
 Prepared by ; Engr KHALIL DAWAR

4. Topics to be present;
Introduction to steel Structure
Comparison between Steel and RCC
Structure
Specification And Codes of practice

5. What is Steel …?
 Steel is nothing but it is a modified form of an Iron,
Because when we add o.o2 to 1.7% of Carbon and some
other material such as Silicon, Nickel, Manganese and
Copper to Iron during its manufacturing then we call
it Alloy or Steel.

6. By suitably controlling the carbon content, alloying
elements and heat treatment, a desired combination
of hardness, ductility and strength can be obtained in
steel. On the basis of carbon content steel may be
classified as under

7. Classification based on carbon
content,

9. Structure
 A structure is a series of connected elements that form
together a system that can resist a series of external
load effects applied to it, which includes its own self
weight, and provide adequate rigidity. In civil
engineering, a structure is usually made up of
 Beams
 Columns
 Cables
 Slabs
 etc

11. Steel structure
 A structure which is made from a combination of
structural STEEL members designed to carry loads and
provide adequate rigidity is known as Steel structure.

13. Why steel structure …?
1)Lower Project Costs;
Steel structural remains the cost leader for the
majority of construction projects. Comparative studies
indicate that a structural steel framing system
including decking and fire protection will typically
cost 5% to 7% less than a concrete framing system
on a national basis.

14. 2) High Strength
 All other materials talk about high strength, but their
strength is still less than that of structural steel even
when enhanced by steel reinforcing.

15. 3) Recyclable
Structural steel is the most recycled material on our
planet – today’s structural steel is made of 88%
recycled product, is fully recyclable in the future and
can be reused without further processing.

17. 4)Ductility
 Steel is a ductile material, so steel can withstand
extensive deformation without failure under high
tensile stresses,
 It gives warning before failure takes place

18. 5) Durability
Steel frames that are used for the construction of
buildings and other infrastructures are made up of
mild steel.
This steel is long lasting and strong enough to carry
huge tons of weight for many years without the need of
any restoration or repair.

19. 6) Flexibility
 One of the great features of steel frames is that they
are flexible, meaning it can be arched as per the
required specification.
 This helps to design steel structures in such a way that
it can withstand an earthquake or heavy winds,
especially in the case of tall towers or bridges which
are made of steel

21. 7)Temporary Structures
 Steel frame structures can be easily built with the help
of various methods such as bolting, welding or
riveting.
 This reduces the time taken to make a temporary
structure.

23. 8) Aesthetic beauty
 Structural steel sections can be bent and rolled to
create non-linear members to further enhance the
aesthetic appeal of the structure

26. 1) Safety
Fire safety
Concrete; Concrete requires no additional fireproofing
treatments to meet stringent fire codes, and Above
400oC concrete becomes weaker.
 Steel; For buildings, steel should be fabricated already
against fire ,
But in situations where temperature is scaled up till 500
degrees per Celsius, the yield stress drops by two-thirds
and the load-carrying capacity is lost.

28. B) Resistance to Lateral lodes
 Concrete; Buildings constructed with cast-in-
place reinforced concrete can resist winds of more than 200
miles per hour , while With proper design, the structures
built with concrete can exhibit increased ductility in areas
prone to seismic activity.
 Steel; Steel’s strength, ductility, and design, make it a safe
choice in seismic zones. “Steel resist well under high
[wind] loads because it is ductile, which means it has the
ability to bend without breaking

30. 2) Recycleable
 C0ncrete; At end of life, concrete can be crushed and
recycled but the recycled material cannot be used for new
building concrete.
• Steel; According to the British publication Building,
85% of steel is recycled, and reused in new construction

31. 3) Modification
 Concrete; it is difficult to modify concrete structure by
removing concrete structure member.
 Steel; modification to the steel building can be by simple
removal of a structural steel member.

32. 4) Project cost
 Steel structural remains the cost leader for the
majority of construction projects. Comparative studies
indicate that a structural steel framing system
including decking and fire protection will typically
cost 5% to 7% less than a concrete framing system
on a national basis.

33. 5) Construction time
 Time is money
 Concrete building construction takes up to twice as
long building period than steel buildings.
 steel structures are possible to assembled much
quicker and the building can be completed much
faster.
 reduced labor costs are possible in steel structure in
comparison with concrete.

34. 6) Strength
 All other materials talk about high strength, but their
strength is still less than that of structural steel even
when enhanced by steel reinforcing.

36. Design specification
and Codes of Practice

37. What are codes ?
 Collection of laws, Regulations, Ordinance Or set of
design rules adopted by government legislative
authority involved with the physical structure and
health full conditions of building and building sites.

38.  Building codes is a legal document which does not give
design procedure but they do specify the design
requirements that must be satisfied.
 According to the provision of safety codes

39. Why building codes ?
To provided minimum requirement to protect
• Health
• Safety
• General welfare
of occupants and the public in new and existing
buildings and structures.

40. History of building codes
The earliest known written code of law, is the code of
Hammurabi, king of the Babylonian Empire in 1760 BC.
 According to code of Hammurabi
Assesses penalties if the building is not properly
constructed.
 Current system of Codes began in the US in 1970

41. Design specification
It is a detailed document which provides the criteria
which has to be meet or achieved. It's aim is to
guarantee that the design and the development of
anything meets the need or requirement of the user.
specification is not a legal document

42.  Specifications vary for different area.
 Specification of same building in larkana will be
different than that of Islamabad and that of Northern
area because the requirement of the people are changing
from area to area due climatic and geological condition