English words

1. COLLOCATIONS
WORKand BUSINESS

2. 1. makeyourself indispensableat work
• so good or
important that you
could not manage
without him, or
her
• nonreplaceable
• irreplaceable

3. • She soon became an
indispensable member
of staff.
• A knowledge of
classical music is
indispensable to
anyone who wants to
apply for this job.

4. 2. to work overtime
• to spend time
working after
the usual time
needed or
expected in a
job
• They’re working
overtime to get the job
finished.
• Many employees work
countless hours of
unpaid overtime.
• Many of our offices will
be working overtime
until the end of the
year.

5. 3. to have a permanentcontract
• a legal
document that
states and
explains a
formal
agreement
between two
different people
or groups and
lasts for a long
time

6. • I got a permanent
contract today after
six months of
temporary contract.

7. 4. to land a plum job
• informal
• a good job that other
people wish they had
• a very good job
• He landed a plum
role in a TV mini-
series.

8. 5. hands-on experience
• someone who has
hands-on experience of
something has done or
used it rather than just
read or learned about it
• Many employers
consider hands-
on experience to
be as useful as
academic
qualifications.

9. 6. to do menial tasks
• menial work is boring
• makes you feel tired
• unimportant and is given a
low social value
• does not need any skills or
talent or training
• badly paid
• Even well-trained women
were forced into menial
labor.
• It's fairly menial work, such
as washing dishes and
cleaning floors.
• a menial job/task

10. 7. to do an unpaid internship
• a period of time during
which a student works for
a company or
organization in order to
get experience of a
particular type of work:
• The business students
often do an unpaid
internship during their
long vacation in e-
commerce companies.
• a paid/summer
internship
• an internship program

12. 8. entry-level job
• the lowest level of
an organization,
type of work, etc.

13. 8. entry-level job
• You find entry-level
jobs in most
industries and
careers. In food
service, an entry-level
position may be a
cashier. Acquiring
these entry-level jobs
in the industry you
wish to work enables
you to gain hands-on
experience and
prove your
capabilities before
getting higher-level
positions.

14. 9. to gain useful experinece
• get/gain experience
• He suggested that I
should gain some
experience in a related
industry like travel.
• As we gained
experience of
interpreting the data
we were able to work
faster.

15. 10. to cover employee’sexpenses
• money that you spend
when you are doing your
job, that an employer or
other organization pays
back to you:
• She was invited to
speak at the
conference, with an
offer to cover all her
expenses.
• Employers are to cover
employees’ expenses
when they travel on
business.

17. 11. to do ashort-termplacement
• a temporary job that someone does in an organization,
usually to gain some work experience:
• He got a two-week placement in the accounts
department.

18. 11. to pay theminimumwage
• the lowest amount of
money that an
employer can legally
pay to a worker
• Most of the junior
office people are
paid the minimum
wage.
• Most of the new jobs
in the area only pay
the minimum wage.

19. COLLOCATIONS
MONEY

20. • a situation in which a
business spends more
money than it earns
• money that you gain by
selling things or doing
business, after your
costs have been paid
make
a loss
a profit

21. • to sell as much as you have been asked
to
You have to sell enough trips and tickets to
make your target this week.
• to have only just enough money to buy
the things you need
It’s not easy to make ends meet with a big
family, but somehow we manage.
• to earn a very large amount of money,
especially by doing something very
successfully.
We'll make a mint if we can manage to
secure a trading partner in China.
I hear Sarah is making a mint with sales
from her latest novel.
make
your target
ends meet
a mint

22. • an increase in the
amount of money you
earn for doing your job
• a sum of money paid
regularly to a person
who has retired (=
stopped working
because of having
reached a certain age)
get
a (pay)rise
a pension

23. • in addition to the salary, these
are employee benefits such as
the use of an expensive car,
meal breaks, health
insurance, paid vacation, etc.
• extra money paid to
encourage or motivate people
to do something, especially to
make them work harder, or
produce more
get
perks
a financial
incentive

24. • to receive payment
according to how
much you sell
• without any payment
Some of the men
volunteered to work for
nothing.
work
on
commission
for nothing

25. • a very small amount of money,
especially wages, that is less
than someone needs or
deserves
He works hard but he's paid a
pittance.
• informal - a very small amount of
something, usually money
Some of the best investments are
made for peanuts.
Their earnings are peanuts
compared with the salaries of the
top managers.
work
for a pittance
for peanuts

26. COLLOCATIONS
MONEYand BUSINESS

27. • We want to build a brand name
around a unique culture.
• How to build a business? The
choices in sales and marketing and
advertising are covered in this book.
• People build a business for their
families.
• conˈsumer base (also customer
base) [countable usually singular]
all the people who buy or use a
particular product
• Computer manufacturers’ general
marketing problem is capturing and
retaining a customer base.
build
abrand
a business
acustomer
base

28. • to found: to start something
such as an organization,
company, school, or city,
often by providing the
necessary money SYN
establish
• Founded in 1935 in Ohio,
TechnoPro Anonymous is
now a world-wide
organization.
• Eton College was founded by
Henry VI in 1440.
found
a charity
abusiness
a company

29. • «Follow your heart and your
intuition. They somehow
already know what you truly
want to become. Everything
else is secondary.» Steve
Jobs
• gut instinct (informal ): a
reaction or feeling that you
are sure is right, although
you cannot give a reason for
it
He had a gut feeling that Sarah
was lying.
follow
yourdream
your heart
yourgut
instinct

31. • sustain.: MAKE
SOMETHING CONTINUE
to make something
continue to exist or
happen for a period of
time SYN maintain
• IF a company sustains
losses or other difficulties,
it has them
• Like other insurance
companies, we have
sustained heavy financial
losses.
sustain
abusiness
plan
economic
growth
financial
losses

32. • to recruit: to find new
people to work in a
company, join an
organization, do a job
etc. to hire/employ sb
• We’re having difficulty
recruiting enough
qualified staff.
• Many government
officials were recruited
from private industry.
recruit
anew
manager
students
talent

33. • to gain insight: to learn or find out about
something
In order to gain insight into the problem, the form
of the method with digit signal processing
technique is analyzed.
By analysing simple situations, with essential
features in common, we can gain insight into the
behaviour of these complicated creatures.
• recognition: the act of realizing and accepting
that something is true or important.
The company has gained recognition for its
customer service.
He has gained recognition and respect as a
scientist.
Gain
to get sth
feedback
insight
recognition

34. 1. to realise the potential
• potential syn:
possible

35. 2. to see a return
• To start making a
profit, the amount
of profit that you
get from
something
• The markets are
showing
extremely poor
returns.

36. 3. fluctuations in a revenue
• revenue: income
• money that a
business or
organization
receives over a
period of time,
especially from
selling goods or
services

37. 4. to have a great rapport with sb
• rapport: friendly
agreement and
understanding
between people
→ good
relationship
• He had an
excellent rapport
with his
customers.
• He built up a
good rapport with
the children.

38. 5. be fresh out of somewhere
• someone who has
completed a
university degree,
• having just arrived
from somewhere:
• We hired her
fresh out of
college.

39. 6. to give a flying start
• to make a very good
start to something,
quickly making good
progress
• She's given a flying start
in her new job.
• The appeal has given a
flying start, with over
£200,000 raised in the
first week.
• The runners gave a
flying start and looked
like beating the record.

41. 7. to gauge consumer opinion
• to judge how people feel about something or what
they are likely to do
• to measure how people feel about something or the
effect that something is likely to have on them
• It is difficult to gauge what the other party’s next move will be.
• I looked at Chris, trying to gauge his reaction.
• He is testing, trying to gauge the mind of the jury.
• The magazine commissioned research to gauge opinion on how
British industry is meeting its environmental responsibilities.
• We’ve done extensive testing to gauge consumer reactions.

42. COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES

43. a. restless (adj)
• uneasy
• nervous
• anxious
• unwilling or unable to stay still
or to be quiet and calm,
because you are worried or
bored:
• He's a restless type - he never
stays in one country for long.
• She spent a restless night (=
she did not sleep well), tossing
and turning.
• The children had been indoors
all day, and were getting
restless.

44. b. tenacious (adj)
• stubborn
• persistent
• holding tightly onto something, or
keeping an opinion in a
determined way:
• The baby took my finger in its
tenacious little fist.
• There has been tenacious local
opposition to the new airport.
• As a reporter, David was tougher
and more tenacious than the
other three.
• Anyone who has tried to remove
a hermit crab from its shell will
know how tenacious these
creatures can be.

46. c. prosperous (adj)
formal
• wealthy
• affluent
• prospering
• successful, usually by
earning a lot of money:
• a prosperous
businessman/landowner
• In a prosperous country like
this, no one should go
hungry.
• The region is becoming more
prosperous.

48. d. perseverant (adj)
• trying to do something or
continuing to do something in
a determined way, despite
having problems:
• Farming is for people who are
ambitious and perseverant.
• Captain Benson praised his
men's courage and
perseverance in dealing with a
very dangerous situation.
• Stories about hard times teach
the value of perseverance and
hard work.

49. e. hypercompetition (n)

50. e. hypercompetition (n)
• a situation of extreme
competition, where companies
must try even harder than usual to
have better products, sell more,
etc.:
• The telecom company is
preparing for another year of
“hyper-competition”, focusing not
only on adding new subscribers
but also on creating new services
for existing users.
• Hypercompetitive environments
require businesses to stay
flexible, innovative and creative.
• Meanwhile, in the
hypercompetitive Chinese market,
the F4 is suddenly an old model.

51. f. competent (adj)
• efficient
• qualified
• skilled
• suitable
• able to do something well:
• a competent secretary/rider/cook
• Charlie can cope here without you -
he's perfectly competent.
• They are a very competent group of
people, but they lack flexibility and
originality.
• He is an agricultural science graduate
from Cambridge University and feels
competent to assess evidence and act
logically.