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Energy Changes
Thermochemistry ,[object Object],[object Object]
Energy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bond making / breaking   ,[object Object]
Bond Breaking ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bond Making ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Net change in energy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Net change in energy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
summary Reaction mixture feels cold Reaction mixture feels warm Temperature of surroundings drops Temperature of surroundings increases Net absorption of heat energy from surroundings Net release of heat energy to surroundings More energy absorbed than energy evolved More energy evolved than energy absorbed Strength of bonds broken stronger than strength of bonds formed Strength of bonds formed greater than strength of bonds broken Endothermic Reaction Exothermic Reaction
Examples of exothermic and endothermic reactions: Thermal decomposition Dissolving some ionic salts in water, like ammonium chloride, potassium nitrate and copper(II) sulphate etc… Photosynthesis Action of light on silver bromide  Combustion Respiration Neutralisation  Dissolving acids Dissolving alkalis Rusting Oxidation of metals Nuclear  Endothermic reactions Exothermic reactions
Enthalpy Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Activation Energies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exothermic reaction  Energy Time Reactants Products Activation energy  H : -ve
Endothermic reaction  Energy Time Reactants Products Activation energy  H : +ve
Energy Profile Diagram ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exothermic reaction  Energy Time Reactants Products Enthalpy change (  H) : negative
Endothermic reaction Energy Time Reactants Products Enthalpy change (  H) : positive
Bond Energy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Enthalpy Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bond energies 463 O – H  496 O = O 436 H – H  Bond energies(kJ/mol) Bond
Calculations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 

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Energy Changes

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. summary Reaction mixture feels cold Reaction mixture feels warm Temperature of surroundings drops Temperature of surroundings increases Net absorption of heat energy from surroundings Net release of heat energy to surroundings More energy absorbed than energy evolved More energy evolved than energy absorbed Strength of bonds broken stronger than strength of bonds formed Strength of bonds formed greater than strength of bonds broken Endothermic Reaction Exothermic Reaction
  • 10. Examples of exothermic and endothermic reactions: Thermal decomposition Dissolving some ionic salts in water, like ammonium chloride, potassium nitrate and copper(II) sulphate etc… Photosynthesis Action of light on silver bromide Combustion Respiration Neutralisation Dissolving acids Dissolving alkalis Rusting Oxidation of metals Nuclear Endothermic reactions Exothermic reactions
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. Exothermic reaction Energy Time Reactants Products Activation energy  H : -ve
  • 14. Endothermic reaction Energy Time Reactants Products Activation energy  H : +ve
  • 15.
  • 16. Exothermic reaction Energy Time Reactants Products Enthalpy change (  H) : negative
  • 17. Endothermic reaction Energy Time Reactants Products Enthalpy change (  H) : positive
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. Bond energies 463 O – H 496 O = O 436 H – H Bond energies(kJ/mol) Bond
  • 22.
  • 23.