Preparing for Research Chapter 2

1. Review of Related Literature
YOLANDA V. BAUTISTA, LPT,MA SPED DD

2. At the end of
the session,
participants
should be
able to:
Understand the
context/meaning of RRL
Appreciate the value of RRL in
any research endeavor/field
of study
Apply the insights gained in
crafting/designing of
potential research studies

3. LITERATURE
• May be defined as written works
collectively, especially enduring,
exhibiting creative imagination
and artists’ skill, which are
written in a period, language
and subject.

4. Garcia (2003)
Types of Literature Conceptual Literature
Refers to ideas, concepts
and theories propounded
by experts as contained in
books, periodicals, other
standard references.

5. Garcia (2003)
Research Literature
Consists of the results of
empirical studies
conducted by individuals
and professionals on a
given research problem or
topic.

6. What is RRL
• a detailed review of existing
literature related to the topic of a
thesis or dissertation.
• In an RRL, you talk about knowledge
and findings from existing literature
relevant to your topic.
• If you find gaps or conflicts in existing
literature, you can also discuss these in
your review
• if applicable, plan to address these
gaps or resolve these conflicts through
your study.
• How do I do a review of related literature (RRL)? |
Editage Insights
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7. To undertake an RRL
identify relevant
literature through
various sources,
printed books,
journals, or online and
offline resources.
1
save all applicable
resources because you
will need to mention
them in your paper.
2
As you go through the
resources, make notes
and identify key
concepts of each
resource to describe in
the review.
3

8. Notes:
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9. More Notes
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10. IDEA ANYONE?
Types of Literature Reviews
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11. FALTADO, et al, 2016
• “Literature reviews are
designed to provide an
overview of sources the
researcher has explored
while researching a
particular topic and to
demonstrate to the
readers how the research
fits within a larger field of
study.”

12. BASIC TYPES OF
LITERATURE
REVIEWS
ARGUMENTATIVE REVIEW
INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
HISTORICAL REVIEW
METHODOLOGICAL REVIEW
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
THEORETICAL REVIEW

13. Garcia, 2003
• Ways of presenting Literature
• Chronological Approach
• A. Introduction
• B. Recent Literature and Studies
• C. Least Recent Literature and studies
• D. Synthesis of the review
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14. Garcia, 2003
• Thematic or variable or factor approach
• A. Introduction
• B. Literature and Studies on Variable 1
• C. Literature and Studies on Variable 2
• D. Synthesis of the Review
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15. Garcia, 2003
• Country of Origin Approach
• A. Introduction
• B. Foreign Literature and Studies
• C. Local Literature and studies
• D. Synthesis of the Review
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16. Essential Elements of
Literature Review

17. • Overview of the subject or topic,
or theories to be considered.
• Division of works such as those
that supports a particular
position, those against, and
those that offers other ideas
• Explanation of the comparison
of the gathered literature
• Conclusion and best arguments
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18. FORMAT OF A
LITERATURE REVIEW
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APA, MLA, CHICAGO

19. BUT WAIT…..
• The essay format you use should adhere to “ will be”, the citation style preferred
by your instructor. Seek clarification from your instructor for several other
components as well to establish a desired literature review format:
1.
How many sources should you review and what kind of sources should they be
(published materials, journal articles, or websites)?
2.
What format should you use to cite the sources?
3.
How long should the review be?
4.
Should your review consist of a summary, synthesis, or a personal critique?
5.
Should your review include subheadings or background information for your
sources?
•

20. APA FORMAT (AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION)
format and style used for writing academic documents such
as scholarly books and journal articles;
Commonly used within the field of behavioral and social
sciences for citing sources
• Notes:
• Text should be typed double-spaced with sufficient
margins on each side of the page (at least 1 inch or
more).
• Wide margins are important for professors to make
notes and leave feedback while reading the paper.
• The preferred font is Times New Roman in size 12.

21. MLA – Modern Language Format
• concentrates on popularizing teaching and studying of modern
languages such as English.
• Useful note/s:
✓ As for the practical significance of this association, it
publishes The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers – a
special guide for properly editing texts academically.)
✓ The researchers (in North America) that predominantly use it
are in the field of humanities (literature, history, philosophy,
and English studies).
✓ This fact makes this format one of the most widely used writing
standards.

22. MLA formatting guidelines
1. The margins are placed at 1 inch all around.
2. The text is recommended to be typed using a common font such
as Times New Roman. The font size is strictly 12 pt.
3. Spacing implies two rules: double-space the text and single-space
separation marks.
4. The Indentation rule requires half-inch spacing from the left margin. A
hint to use the Tab key to improve the time-management.
5. Pagination means placing numbers of the pages to the upper-right
corner of a created header. Usually, numbers are set from the first page
successively to the last and Arabic numerals are used.
6. If having endnotes in the text, they are to be written down separately
from both the main body text, and works cited page.
7. The last rule, which usually is the opening one, but today it`s
unconsciously clear that text should be typed on a computer and
printed according to standard 8.5" x 11" white paper.

23. CHICAGO FORMAT
• This guide describes the humanities style (notes &
bibliography) that is preferred by many in the arts, literature,
and history.
• The “author-date” style is reserved for the physical, natural
and social sciences

24. CHICAGO FORMATTING GUIDE
• One inch margins on sides, top , and bottom
• Times New Roman, 12 pt. font
• Double-space the text (except for block quotes, footnotes,
and bibliography entries).
• Use a ½ inch indent for paragraph beginnings, block quotes,
and hanging indents .
• Left-align text so that it has a ragged right edge. Do not use
newspaper justified text.
• Number the pages in the top right corner of the header
beginning with the first page of text (not the title page). Some
professors also like your last name included with the page
number.
• Remove extra spacing between paragraphs.

25. Useful notes:
• The Introduction
• A. The general problem and the variables
should be defined
• B. Every important data should be highlighted
to effectively discuss the problem or the
variables such as the theory, methodology,
evidence, conclusion or even gaps
• C. The criteria in selecting the literature should
be considered to assess which resources are
pertinent and should be included, and which
are irrelevant and should be removed.
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26. Useful notes:
• The Body
• Chosen approaches, conclusion of
authors, specific objective, and the like
should be included.
• Studies and literature should be
summarized. Primary consideration
must be given to the result of the
studies that includes the variables.
• In doing, the following should be
considered:
• Provenance, objectivity, persuasiveness
and value
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27. Useful notes:
• The Conclusion
• Major contributions of the studies or articles should be
summarized
• Current developments and new information should be
evaluated
• The review should be concluded by relating the gathered
data to the central theme or problem.
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28. Function of RRL (Ochave
et al. 1992)
• It provides the conceptual or theoretical framework of
the planned research.
• It provides you with the information about past research
related to the intended study. The process prevents
unintentional duplication of these past researches and
leads you into what needs to be investigated.
• Gives the researcher confidence and authority on the
subject as far as mastery of information is concerned
• Gives information about the research methods used, the
population and sampling considered, the instruments
used in gathering the data, and the statistical
computation in previous research
• Provides findings which may relate to researcher’s
findings and conclusions.
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29. Zulueta and Costales, 2003
• Research paper must be written in a formal style, in third person not the first person.
• Void highly descriptive writing style, not appropriate for scholarly research
• Active voice for direct impact and easy understanding
• Avoid the use of jargon
• Language should be neutral gender
• Make clear Conclusions/clarifications/contradictions
• Use short sentences not elongated and run-on expressions
• Check on grammar and proofread the work
• Never plagiarize
• Pay attention to the structure and form of published articles, which are good examples of how literature
review can be written.

30. Useful notes on
• Characteristics of the Materials cited:
• Materials must be as recent as possible: may be 10 years
back
• Must be objective and unbiased as possible
• Must be relevant to the study
• Coherence principle must be observed in writing literature
review.

31. REFERRENCES
• Literature Review: Examples, Outline, Format | EssayPro
• Practical Research 2 Quantitative Research Beyond Books Publication Macabebe Pampanga Philippines, 2021, pp. 158-167
• How do I do a review of related literature (RRL)? | Editage Insights
• How to Format an APA Paper. APA Format Example Inside | EssayPro
• Microsoft Word - MLA Format & Citations (updated 2021).docx (byu.edu)
• Research Paper MLA Style: Formatting Guidelines - PapersOwl.com
• Chicago style page formatting - Chicago style guide - Menlo School Library at Menlo School Library
• Chicago Citation and Format Style Guide (uq.edu.au)
• mla format - Google Search
• apa format book example - Google Search
• CHICAGO format book example - Google Search
• Chicago_Manual_of_Style_17_Notes_and_Bibliography.pdf (mvcc.edu)
• Chicago Citation and Format Style Guide (uq.edu.au)

32. Congratulations
• Philippians 4:13.
I can do all this
through him who
gives me strength.