1. Glass makinG
Sarah Nightingale Session 2, 2012

2. Glass beads
excavated from
Tomb 404
Necropolis 4

3. Glass Making
• Stage One - Raw Glass
• Stage Two – Glass working

4. Stage One - Raw Glass
Components required
• Silica (sand)
• Soda (Natron)
• Stabiliser (eg lime)
• Fuel

6. Bet Shearim slab, Israel

7. Transporting raw glass
175 Glass Ingots
Glass chunks on located on Ulu Burun
shipwreck from 2nd Shipwreck dated c
century AD 1300 BC

8. Stage Two – Glass working

9. Chemicals to add or remove color
– Colorless glass (manganese oxide)
– Opaque red (copper lead)
– Royal blue (cobalt)
– Dark green (lead)
– White (antimony)
Garland bowl – Augustan era

10. Core formed vessels

11. Cast Glass

12. Glass blowing
Lamp from Slovenia
depicting a glass blower

13. Glass blowing with a mold

14. Mosaic glass

15. Cold Cut Glass

16. Window glass
cast or blown

17. Glass Jewelry

18. Recycling