Ecosystem assessment and accounting in the context of SDG 15 Hans Dufourmont EEA Sustainable Land Management Session - EU Space Week 2018

1. Copernicus Land Monitoring service in
support to Ecosystem assessment and
land accounting in the context of SDG15
hans.dufourmont@eea.europa.eu
EU Space Week 2018, Marseille, 3-6 Dec 2018

2. Land
Monitoring
C o p e r n i c u s p ro g ra m m e : E EA - E i o n e t ro l e s 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 2 0
• Current EEA - Eionet roles in Copernicus 2014-2020
Source: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/air-quality-index/index
1. Coordination
of in situ data
component
across services
2. Implementation
pan-European and
hotspot
land monitoring
3. Key user

3. Land
Monitoring
S u s t a i n a b l e D e v e l o p m e n t G o a l s

4. Land
Monitoring
U N S u s t a i n a b l e D e v e l o p m e n t G o a l s
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 15:
• Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial
ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification,
and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
• e.g.:
15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and
sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater
ecosystems and their services, in particular forests,
wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations
under international agreements
15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion of total land area
15.1.2 Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and
freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas,
by ecosystem type
15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land
and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought
and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral
world
15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land
area

5. Land
Monitoring
C o p e r n i c u s L a n d M o n i t o r i n g S e r v i c e ( C L M S )
Systematic Biophysical Monitoring
Ground Motion service
Land Cover & Land Use mapping
Thematic hotspot mapping
© Markus Probeck
Reference data

6. Land
Monitoring
C o p e r n i c u s L a n d M o n i t o r i n g C o r e S e r v i c e s
wall-to-wall coverage
Long-term time series
change monitoring
information
services at
local, national,
European level
Sentinel 2

7. Land
Monitoring
High Resolution Layers 2015 on Land Cover characteristics
(20x20 meter resolution)
Source: Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS), High Resolution Layers, 2015 .

8. Land
Monitoring
H o t s p o t m o n i t o r i n g p ro d u c t s
total EEA39:
5.838.876 km2
Existing coverage:
• 1,1 M km2 Urban Atlas (2006-12)
• 0,55 M km2 Riparian Zones (2012)
• 0,52 M km2 Natura2000 (2006-12)
In preparation: Coastal Zones:
• 10 km inland buffer
• 0,64 M km2 (2018)
• MMU: from 0,25ha to 1ha
• Adapted nomenclature
• Vector products

9. Land
Monitoring
H R L I m p e r v i o u s n e s s ( I M P )
i m p r o v e m e n t s o f l a t e s t 2 0 1 5 u p d a t e
Products (40):
• Built-up area & Imperviousness
Degrees 2015 (20m)
• Reprocessing of 2012-2009-2006 (20m)
• Imperviousness (classified) change
• Imperviousness reference database
Input Data:
• Multi-temporal optical HR composites (Sentinel-
2, Landsat, SPOT-4 & -5, IRS-P6, ResourceSat-
2) for 2015 +/-1 year plus HR IMAGE
2012/2009/2006
• VHR images & in-situ data (via CORDA)
Highlights:
High-quality information on
imperviousness change in Europe
(2006/2009/2012/2015).
20062006200920122015

10. Land
Monitoring
H R L F o re s t e xa m p l e
Image only (VHR background
for reference)
Tree Cover Density 20m (HR)
Dominant Leaf Type 20m (HR)
Forest type 20m (HR)
Forest Additional support layer
(agriculture & urban trees)
Small Woody Features 5m (VHR)
Land
Monitoring

11. Land
Monitoring
H R L G r a s s l a n d e x a m p l e
Source: Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS), High Resolution Layers, 2015
• Ploughing indicator
• Grass Vegetation
Probability Index
• Grassland mask

12. Land Monitoring
challenges and opportunities
S u s t a i n a b l e l a n d
m a n a g e m e n t , S D G s
a n d r e l a t e d p o l i c i e s

13. Land
Monitoring
C C : M o n i t o r i n g C O 2 f r o m l a n d u s e - L U L U C F
The main greenhouse gas emission sources/removals and processes in
managed ecosystems.
©DavideMarchi,Nature@workEEA
Source: 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Vol 4, Ch.1

14. Land
Monitoring
A g r i c u l t u r e , F o r e s t s a n d O t h e r L a n d U s e ( A F O L U ) :
A q u a r t e r o f g l o b a l G H G e m i s s i o n s

15. Land
Monitoring
C C : M o n i t o r i n g C O 2 f r o m l a n d u s e - L U L U C F
• Source: ETC/ACM Working Paper, 2018

16. Land
Monitoring
C o m m o n A g r i c u l t u r a l P o l i c y i m p a c t i n d i c a t o r s

17. Land
Monitoring
T h e E U ’ s U r b a n A g e n d a

18. Land
Monitoring
L a n d r e c y c l i n g a n d d e n s i f i c a t i o n

19. Land
Monitoring
H R L I m p e r v i o u s n e s s E x a m p l e B e r l i n
20062006-20092009-20122012-20152015
New Berlin-Brandenburg airport
Construction start: September 2006
Berlin-Schönefeld
airport
NUTS-3 region
DE406
Dahme-Spreewald

20. Land
Monitoring
I m p e r v i o u s n e s s d e n s i t y m a p o v e r E u r o p e

21. Land
Monitoring
P o s s i b l e d i m e n s i o n s f o r c o m p a r i s o n
LUCAS LC type A(xx) Imperviousness HRL
Update frequency 3 years (2006, 2009, 2012, 2015) 3 years (2006, 2009, 2012, 2015 (available
early 2018)
Type of survey Point sample based in situ land cover and
land use data collection exercise
Semi-automated mapping based on Satellite
imagery. Wall-to-wall.
Product LC/LU information per sample point that can
be aggregated e.g. to country level
% sealing for each 20m and 100m pixel. Total
area of sealing can be derived directly
Level of detail In situ data collection on 270 000 points
(stratification based on orthophoto
interpretation out of a total of 1 100 000)
20m pixels, individual roads, houses, fine
scale sealing pattern
What can it be used
for
Regional to country and EU level overview
statistics?
Regional to country and EU level overview
statistics and detailed spatially explicit
analysis of sealing pattern and dynamics
Accuracy ? Target accuracy min. Of 90% users/producers
accuracy

22. Land
Monitoring
N o m e n c l a t u r e a n d d e f i n i t i o n s –
k e y t o s h a r e d u n d e r s t a n d i n g
• Land take indicator: based on CLC land cover flows. Maps changes
from semi-natural and natural classes to urban and artificial land
classes.
• Imperivousness HRL and derived indicator: maps the existence of
sealed soil/artificial impervious surfaces. All detectable sealed
surfaces are mapped, including roads and transport infrastructure
• Artificial surface from LUCAS. Category A (Artifical Land) contains
both sealed and unsealed (parts of the non-built up artificial
surface class) areas?, but should be largely overlap with
imperviousness minus roads.
• Artificial land cover (suggested SDG indicators) seem to match
both with imperviousness data, and Category A from LUCAS

23. Land
Monitoring
H R L i m p e r v i o u s n e s s 2 0 1 5 E x a m p l e L u x e m b o u r g C i t y

24. Land
Monitoring
S D G M o n i t o r i n g R e q u i r e m e n t s :
a d r i v e r f o r a n e w p r o d u c t c o n c e p t : C L C +
• Summary of requirements review
– MMU 0.5 to 5 ha, 0.5 to 1 ha for LULUCF
– Change layer MMU = status layer MMU
– Revised thematic content (more classes,
increased characterisation)
– 3 year to yearly & dynamic update cycle
– Pan-European coverage (EEA-39)
• Aspects of ….
– Current CLC
– Hotspot monitoring products
– HRLs
– EAGLE Group developments

25. Land
Monitoring
C L C + b u i l d s u p o n E A G L E d a t a m o d e l i m p l e m e n t e d
i n a g r i d d a t a b a s e
• Grid GIS databases

26. Land
Monitoring
26
Examples – published … and in work
• Land take (based on CLC): existing
• Imperviousness and imperviousness change
• (existing for 2009-2012, update for 2006-209-2012-2015 in preparation)
• Urban sprawl ‘indicator’ (developed and published, but not implemented
• Land recycling ‘indicator’ (in preparation, draft 2016)
o Based on Corine LC and Urban Atlas LC change flows 2006-2012
o Set of 13 (sub)indicators
• Landscape fragmentation published end 2017
o Based on HRL Imperviousness 2012 with corresponding OSM transport
networks
• Forest indicator(s) (in preparation 2018/2019)
o Partly based on Copernicus forest products
• Peri-urban areas (in preparation)
• Grassland (in preparation)
E x i s t i n g a n d p a n n e d E E A i n d i c a t o rs b a s e d ( p a r t l y ) o n
C o p e r n i c u s d a t a

27. Land
Monitoring
E u r o p e a n l e v e l d i s s e m i n a t i o n a c t i v i t i e s :
t h e C o p e r n i c u s l a n d p o r t a l
Focus on:
– Easy access to the products:
• discover, view, WMS / download
– INSPIRE compliant metadata
– structural linkages with the
open data initiatives on
European and global level, in
order to promote the use of
the Copernicus Land products

28. Land
Monitoring
T h a n k y o u
Copernicus Sentinel 2