SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
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SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery provides an alternative to optical imagery for defense and security applications by allowing all-weather, day-and-night analysis. While SAR imagery interpretation requires specialized training due to its distinct characteristics, it can be used to detect changes and identify objects in situations where optical imagery is not available. The presentation provides examples of using SAR imagery from satellites like TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed to detect ships, airplanes, and other objects for defense and security purposes. It also demonstrates how multi-temporal SAR image analysis and advanced products combining amplitude and phase data can be used to detect changes over time.
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SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 1. ESRI Conference SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security Daniel Carrasco Rosana Romero Ainhoa Mendizábal ESRI Conference- Madrid / 27 october 2011
- 2. CONTENTS SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security 00 About Indra 01 Introduction 02 Imagery Exploitation Approach for Defence & Security 03 GMOSAIC project 2
- 3. About Indra Company highlights The premier IT company in Spain and a leading IT multinational in Europe and Latam 37,000 professionals 110 countries SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security Own solutions and technology Differential business model based on Innovation 3 Among the 3 largest European IT services companies by market cap
- 4. Security & Defence 27% About Indra Transportation & Traffic (…) 20% Space Company activities Simulation Aerial Defence Energy & Industry Electronic Warfare Homeland Security 15% Command Control & Comms. Health & Public Administration 14% 51% International Financial Sector 13% Telecom & Media 10% 4 SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 5. About Indra Remote Sensing Systems 18 years experience in High level data Remote Sensing SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security satellite ground processing and applications and segment dissemination systems services Civilian and Defence GMES Helios I & II systems R&D Pleiades Spatial Data Infrastructures Training SMOS MoD exploitation systems High volume cartographic Ingenio & Paz SAR data processing production METOP Urban geoinformation Imagery supply Etc. management Advanced geoinformation Certified developer for ERDAS, ESRI, Intergraph Consultancy and market studies 5
- 6. 01 INTRODUCTION Why SAR for imagery analysis? SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security Barcelona as seen from Barcelona at night Tibidabo in a foggy day 6
- 7. 01 INTRODUCTION All weather capacity TSX- SL Google Earth SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security © Infoterra (2010) 7
- 8. 01 INTRODUCTION SAR IMAGES: AVDVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS Advantages: you program, you get it! All Weather + Day and Night Drawbacks: it is hard to use! (radically distinct from optical) Need of specialised training Specialised SW SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security SAR Images present distinct spectral and radiometric characteristics from optical data, so a different analysis is required. We see different things! Cannot replace optical imagery photointerpretation performance, but it can be the only choice! Caveat: Wrong expectations, prejudices and lack of training or processing infrastructure can make optical analysts reluctant to use SAR imagery and yield project failure. A new mindset is needed 8
- 9. 01 INTRODUCTION SAR IMAGES: METHODOLOGY WHERE? HOW? PRODUCTS In areas where A complement to One image is used optical data fails to optical imagery. for target detection, deliver, permanent recognition, and cloud cover areas or Best performance identification. SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security during the night . when the area is previously known Pair of images is Crisis situations, used for change and we focus on where more frequent detection. Can use changes. acquisitions are radar phase! needed. Only in exceptional cases, when optical Set of images are data is not available, used for temporal the analysis of an analysis of changes. area can be based only on SAR images. 9
- 10. 01 INTRODUCTION Processing at Ground Segment or at customer’s SLC/detected ortho Ground Segment High level exploitation system SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security changes series ortho imint 10
- 11. 01 INTRODUCTION SAR IMAGES: HIGH LEVEL PRODUCTS Amplitude basic products Detected products (standard image) Ortho product: with own DEM at our facilities SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security Change detection basic products Automatic processing Time series for continuous surveillance Combined Amplitude/Phase advanced products Additional information without counterpart in optical imagery
- 12. 02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications Objectives detection and recognition – Airport area TSX HS Image (<1 m): Madrid Barajas airport – Airplanes on platform SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security Product processed by Indra; Original TerraSAR-X Product - © DLR (2010) 12
- 13. 02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications Objectives detection and recognition – Port Area TSX HS Image (<1 m) XXX SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security Dry dock Floating dock 13
- 14. 02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications Objectives detection and recognition – Port Area Google Earth XXX Dry dock SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security Floating dock 14
- 15. 02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications Objectives detection and recognition Floating top tanks TSX SL Image (>1 m) Google Earth SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security © Imagen original Infoterra (2010). Procesada por Indra Photointerpretation challenge: which tanks are empty/full? 15
- 16. 02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications CHANGE DETECTION 2003-04 2005 SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 17. 02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications CHANGE DETECTION Date2 Date3 Vessel is removed in SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security Date3 Vessel is removed in Date3 Vessel appears in Date3 Mobile pontoon is moved between Date2 and Date3 and the crane is removed in Date3 Multitemporal image obtained with CSK_HS R: Image of Date2 G y B: Image of Date3 17 Product processed by Indra; Original COSMO-SkyMed Product - ©ASI -Agenzia Spaziale Italiana - (2010)
- 18. PRECURSOR PROJECTS Change detection SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 19. PRECURSOR PROJECTS Change detection SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 20. PRECURSOR PROJECTS Change detection SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 21. PRECURSOR PROJECTS Change detection SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 22. PRECURSOR PROJECTS Change detection SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 23. PRECURSOR PROJECTS Change detection SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 24. PRECURSOR PROJECTS Change detection SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 25. PRECURSOR PROJECTS Change detection SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 26. PRECURSOR PROJECTS Change detection SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 27. PRECURSOR PROJECTS Change detection SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 28. PRECURSOR PROJECTS Change detection SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 29. PRECURSOR PROJECTS Change detection SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 30. PRECURSOR PROJECTS Change detection SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 31. PRECURSOR PROJECTS Change detection SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 32. 02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications SUPERRESOLUTION IMAGES – time series SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security
- 33. 02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications ADVANTAGES OF USING SUPERRESOLUTION IMAGES – time series SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security CSK SL Image (<1 m) SSI CSK SL Image (<1 m) May 2009 Summer 2009 (5 images) 33 Product processed by Indra; Original COSMO-SkyMed Product - ©ASI -Agenzia Spaziale Italiana - (2010)
- 34. 01 INTRODUCTION SAR IMAGES: PRODUCTS – Amplitude SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security SSI CSK HS Image (<1 m) (5 images)
- 35. 02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications SUPER RESOLUTION IMAGES ADVANTAGES Advantages: Superresolution images ease and improve the imagery analysis wrt Speckle reduction without spatial resolution loss. Better border definition. Volumetric features and textures: forest, trees,... Small features. SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security Drawbacks: Higher cost: at least 3-4 images are needed to obtain an acceptable SSI image. Choice of the dates is very important for a proper interpretation of the changes. 35
- 36. 01 INTRODUCTION SAR IMAGES: PRODUCTS Amplitude + phase Red: Removed features Green: New features SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security Yellow: Features are present in both images but they have been moved Blue: Non changed features with low backscattering White: Non changed features with high backscattering MTC product obtained from CSK HS Images (<1 m)
- 37. 02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications CHANGE DETECTION WITH INSAR Imagen Multitemporal con coherencia obtenida con TSX_SL SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security TSX_SL_20090813 Rojo: elementos que desaparecen Verde: elementos que aparecen Amarillo: elementos que han cambiado entre las dos fechas Azul: elementos que no cambian con reflectividad baja Blanco: elementos que no cambian con reflectividad alta 37
- 38. 02 Methodology for Defence & Security Applications INDRA SAR EXPLOITATION ENVIRONMENT FOR DEFENCE & SECURITY SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security Indra SAR tool for the exploitation of SAR products & Imagery Analysis. Plug-in for 38 standard COTS for Image Processing
- 39. 03 GMOSAIC PROJECT is a GMES Security Pilot Project under the FP7 Programme with the objective of identifying and developing products, methodologies and pilot services for the provision of geo-spatial information in support of EU external actions for security related activities. G-MOSAIC has developed services for security SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security applications to support intelligence and early warning and Crisis Management Operations. In most of GMOSAIC services, SAR images are used to obtain the final products. SAR imagery is a means to an end! 39
- 40. SAR Imagery Analysis for Defence and Security Daniel Carrasco Rosana Romero Ainhoa Mendizabal Remote Sensing Systems Indra Espacio Mar Egeo, 4. Polígono Industrial nº 1 28830 San Fernando de Henares Madrid España T +34 91 626 90 00 F +34 91 626 88 90 www.indra.es 40