Worksen project.romania.2.eng

11
WORKSEN PROJECTWORKSEN PROJECT
ROMANIA MEETINGROMANIA MEETING
““OPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR MARKETOPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR MARKET””
20122012
BUCHAREST/ROMANIABUCHAREST/ROMANIA

22
WORKSEN PROJECTWORKSEN PROJECT
ROMANIA MEETINGROMANIA MEETING
““The United Nations ConventionThe United Nations Convention
on the Rights of Persons withon the Rights of Persons with
DisabilitiesDisabilities””

33
EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN UNION
2003 was determined to be the European Year2003 was determined to be the European Year of Peopleof People
with Disabilities and throughout the year activities werewith Disabilities and throughout the year activities were
held about awareness and consciousness. In the sameheld about awareness and consciousness. In the same
year, by announcing “The Equalization of Opportunitiesyear, by announcing “The Equalization of Opportunities
for Persons with Disabilities” COM (2003), Europeanfor Persons with Disabilities” COM (2003), European
Commission stressed that the barriers that disabledCommission stressed that the barriers that disabled
people encounter in all the areas of life be identified andpeople encounter in all the areas of life be identified and
the barriers to benefitting from equal opportunities forthe barriers to benefitting from equal opportunities for
disabled be eliminateddisabled be eliminated

44
In the period until 2010, the most prominent frameworkIn the period until 2010, the most prominent framework
document is thedocument is the “Disability Action Plan”“Disability Action Plan” of Europeanof European
Commission. The approach of European Union on theCommission. The approach of European Union on the
subject of disability to rights was shaped around thesubject of disability to rights was shaped around the
centre of disability policies of United Nations and thecentre of disability policies of United Nations and the
demands of their disabled citizens on this issue. EUdemands of their disabled citizens on this issue. EU
Disability Strategy 2010-2020, legalised in DecemberDisability Strategy 2010-2020, legalised in December
2010, presents actions and application mechanisms to2010, presents actions and application mechanisms to
improve the applicability of Declaration of the Rights ofimprove the applicability of Declaration of the Rights of
Disabled Persons in member countries of EU.Disabled Persons in member countries of EU.

55
European Union Employment StrategyEuropean Union Employment Strategy
European Union is an integration of various standardsEuropean Union is an integration of various standards
and common policies. There are four major policies inand common policies. There are four major policies in
European Union. These are: common agricultural policy,European Union. These are: common agricultural policy,
common competition policy, common transportation andcommon competition policy, common transportation and
trade policy, common social policy.trade policy, common social policy.
..

66
AVRUPA BİRLİĞİAVRUPA BİRLİĞİ
The objectives of EU Employment StrategyThe objectives of EU Employment Strategy
Europe Employment Strategy was restructured betweenEurope Employment Strategy was restructured between
the years of 2003 and 2006 and three factors werethe years of 2003 and 2006 and three factors were
brought forward consisting of full employment, qualitybrought forward consisting of full employment, quality
and efficiency at work, social integration. In theand efficiency at work, social integration. In the
framework of these factors, 10 objectives wereframework of these factors, 10 objectives were
determined for member countries to act towards an end.determined for member countries to act towards an end.
These are:These are:
1.1.Active and preventive measures for the unemployedActive and preventive measures for the unemployed
and inactive,and inactive,
2.2.Job-creation and entrepreneurship,Job-creation and entrepreneurship,

77
AVRUPA BİRLİĞİAVRUPA BİRLİĞİ
The objectives of EU Employment StrategyThe objectives of EU Employment Strategy;;
3.3. Address change and promote adaptability and mobility in the labourAddress change and promote adaptability and mobility in the labour
market,market,
4.4. Promote development of human capital and lifelong learning,Promote development of human capital and lifelong learning,
5.5. Increase labour supply and promote active ageing,Increase labour supply and promote active ageing,
6.6. Gender equality,Gender equality,
7.7. Promote the integration of and combat the discriminationPromote the integration of and combat the discrimination
against people at a disadvantage in the labour market,against people at a disadvantage in the labour market,
8.8. Make work pay through incentives to enhance work attractivenessMake work pay through incentives to enhance work attractiveness
9.9. Transform undeclared work into regular employment,Transform undeclared work into regular employment,
10.10. Address regional employment disparities.Address regional employment disparities.

1212
TURKEYTURKEY
““OPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR MARKETOPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR MARKET.”.”
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OFTHE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF
TURKEYTURKEY::
The disabled people’s right to education is guaranteedThe disabled people’s right to education is guaranteed
under the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey. Thereunder the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey. There
are various laws and legislative regulations concerningare various laws and legislative regulations concerning
the education of disabled people.the education of disabled people.
According to the article 49 titled “Right and Duty toAccording to the article 49 titled “Right and Duty to
Work” in “Social and Economic Right and Duties” inWork” in “Social and Economic Right and Duties” in
Chapter Three of the Second Section of the Constitution,Chapter Three of the Second Section of the Constitution,
“Everyone has the right and duty to work”.“Everyone has the right and duty to work”.

1515
TURKEYTURKEY
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OFTHE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF
TURKEYTURKEY::
According to second clause of the article 50 under the title ofAccording to second clause of the article 50 under the title of
“Working Conditions and Right to Rest and Leisure”, “Minors,“Working Conditions and Right to Rest and Leisure”, “Minors,
women and persons with physical or mental disabilities, shall enjoywomen and persons with physical or mental disabilities, shall enjoy
special protection with regard to working conditions”.special protection with regard to working conditions”.
According to the second clause of the article 61 under the title ofAccording to the second clause of the article 61 under the title of
“Persons Requiring Special Protection in the Field of Social“Persons Requiring Special Protection in the Field of Social
Security”, it is stated thatSecurity”, it is stated that “The State shall take measures to protect“The State shall take measures to protect
the disabled and secure their integration into community lifethe disabled and secure their integration into community life..””
..

1616
TURKEYTURKEY
LAW ON DISABLED PEOPLE, NO. 5378LAW ON DISABLED PEOPLE, NO. 5378
Turkish Law on Disabled PeopleTurkish Law on Disabled People was put into effect inwas put into effect in
July, 2005. The main objectives of this law are to preventJuly, 2005. The main objectives of this law are to prevent
disability, to enable the disabled people to join thedisability, to enable the disabled people to join the
society by taking measures which will provide thesociety by taking measures which will provide the
solution of their problems regarding health, education,solution of their problems regarding health, education,
rehabilitation, employment, care and social security andrehabilitation, employment, care and social security and
the removal of the obstacles they face and to make thethe removal of the obstacles they face and to make the
necessary arrangements for the coordination of thesenecessary arrangements for the coordination of these
services.services.

1717
TURKEYTURKEY
LAW ON DISABLED PEOPLE, NO. 5378LAW ON DISABLED PEOPLE, NO. 5378 ::
This law has two sections. In the first section, there areThis law has two sections. In the first section, there are
objectives, scope, definitions about disability and generalobjectives, scope, definitions about disability and general
principles about people with disabilities. In section two;principles about people with disabilities. In section two;
with classification, care, rehabilitation, employment,with classification, care, rehabilitation, employment,
education/training, occupation and profession analysis;education/training, occupation and profession analysis;
new regulations which will resolve the problems ofnew regulations which will resolve the problems of
existing laws regarding disabled people are statedexisting laws regarding disabled people are stated
..

1818
TURKEYTURKEY
This law constitutes the articles issuing directives and forming aThis law constitutes the articles issuing directives and forming a
frame regarding the following: the classification of disability, types offrame regarding the following: the classification of disability, types of
care services, types of rehabilitation, early diagnosis of disability, jobcare services, types of rehabilitation, early diagnosis of disability, job
and profession analysis, employment and sheltered employment,and profession analysis, employment and sheltered employment,
education and training. In this law, “sheltered workshop” term iseducation and training. In this law, “sheltered workshop” term is
used for the first time and sheltered workshops are adoptedused for the first time and sheltered workshops are adopted
especially for the employment of severely mentally handicapped.especially for the employment of severely mentally handicapped.
With this law, vocational responsibilities of disabled people areWith this law, vocational responsibilities of disabled people are
given to related associations and organisations and localgiven to related associations and organisations and local
governments.governments.
..

1919
TURKEYTURKEY
This law is helpful in getting fines taken from employersThis law is helpful in getting fines taken from employers
who do not comply with the requirements of quota. Therewho do not comply with the requirements of quota. There
are some articles on public employment in the law.are some articles on public employment in the law.
In aforementioned law, care, types of care and careIn aforementioned law, care, types of care and care
requirements are defined. Those who do not have socialrequirements are defined. Those who do not have social
security but need care are also included in financialsecurity but need care are also included in financial
support system.support system.

2020
TURKEYTURKEY
Again with this law, all children who are found to be inAgain with this law, all children who are found to be in
need of special education by evaluation boards areneed of special education by evaluation boards are
included in the scope of support. It is anticipated that inincluded in the scope of support. It is anticipated that in
every university campus providing higher education,every university campus providing higher education,
Disabled Students Advice and Coordination CentresDisabled Students Advice and Coordination Centres
should be established. These centres will supportshould be established. These centres will support
disabled university students attending university duringdisabled university students attending university during
their education.their education.
....

2121
TURKEYTURKEY
This law addresses accessibility as well. All public buildings, roads,This law addresses accessibility as well. All public buildings, roads,
pavements, pedestrian crossings, recreation areas and similarpavements, pedestrian crossings, recreation areas and similar
social and cultural infrastructure areas should be accessible forsocial and cultural infrastructure areas should be accessible for
disabled people. This law assigns metropolitan municipalities anddisabled people. This law assigns metropolitan municipalities and
municipalities some responsibilities. Municipalities are responsiblemunicipalities some responsibilities. Municipalities are responsible
for taking necessary measures to enable disabled people to usefor taking necessary measures to enable disabled people to use
public transport vehicles and raising awareness regarding disabledpublic transport vehicles and raising awareness regarding disabled
people, establishingpeople, establishing “Disabled People Services”“Disabled People Services” which will providewhich will provide
guidance and counsellingguidance and counselling

2222
TURKEYTURKEY
EDUCATION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES:EDUCATION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES:
Decree – Law No. 573,Decree – Law No. 573, dated 1997 on special educationdated 1997 on special education
came into force. This regulation identifies direct andcame into force. This regulation identifies direct and
indirect educational services which will be provided forindirect educational services which will be provided for
disabled individuals and determines programmes,disabled individuals and determines programmes,
schools and institutions which will provide theseschools and institutions which will provide these
services. As it is stated in the Decree, early intervention,services. As it is stated in the Decree, early intervention,
pre-school, primary school, secondary school institutionspre-school, primary school, secondary school institutions
and integration education of disabled people areand integration education of disabled people are
guaranteed.guaranteed.

2323
TURKEYTURKEY
Educational Institutions for Mentally HandicappedEducational Institutions for Mentally Handicapped;;
TThese are the schools which aim to improve the skills ofhese are the schools which aim to improve the skills of
basic life, integrate them into society, accumulatingbasic life, integrate them into society, accumulating
information and skills regarding business life. Vocationalinformation and skills regarding business life. Vocational
training centres are formal vocational training institutionstraining centres are formal vocational training institutions
aimed providing them with basic life and variousaimed providing them with basic life and various
professional skills. These centres provide occupationalprofessional skills. These centres provide occupational
training in several areas like carpentry, plastictraining in several areas like carpentry, plastic
manufacturing like rubbers and sack, handicrafts,manufacturing like rubbers and sack, handicrafts,
business services, agriculture and so onbusiness services, agriculture and so on..

2424
TURKEYTURKEY
Vocational High School for People with ImpairedVocational High School for People with Impaired
HearingHearing;; the basic approach of these schools is tothe basic approach of these schools is to
provide them with an integrated education with their non-provide them with an integrated education with their non-
disabled peers in ordinary schools. There are multi-disabled peers in ordinary schools. There are multi-
program vocational high schools for those who cannotprogram vocational high schools for those who cannot
benefit from integrated education. In these high schools,benefit from integrated education. In these high schools,
there are computer operations, furniture and furnishing,there are computer operations, furniture and furnishing,
installation technologies, construction, painting, metalinstallation technologies, construction, painting, metal
work, electricity, accountancy, textile-dressing classes.work, electricity, accountancy, textile-dressing classes.

2525
TURKEYTURKEY
Vocational High Schools for Orthopedically DisabledVocational High Schools for Orthopedically Disabled;;
CChildren who are orthopedically disabled generallyhildren who are orthopedically disabled generally
attend to normal schools. For orthopedically disabledattend to normal schools. For orthopedically disabled
students who can benefit from integrated education,students who can benefit from integrated education,
there are vocational high schools which havethere are vocational high schools which have
departments of accountancy and dressing. There isdepartments of accountancy and dressing. There is
possibility for these schools to welcome new and in-possibility for these schools to welcome new and in-
demand departments such as computer science,demand departments such as computer science,
electronics, and telecommunication.electronics, and telecommunication.

2626
TURKEYTURKEY
Vocational Training for Visually ImpairedVocational Training for Visually Impaired;; VVisuallyisually
impaired students generally attend to normal highimpaired students generally attend to normal high
schools (90%). There are also students both sightschools (90%). There are also students both sight
impaired and going to vocational or technical highimpaired and going to vocational or technical high
schools. These students attend industrial vocational highschools. These students attend industrial vocational high
schools, vocational school for girls (in total 6%), tradeschools, vocational school for girls (in total 6%), trade
vocational high school (in total 3%), and art schools (invocational high school (in total 3%), and art schools (in
total 1%). In undergraduate and post-graduate levels,total 1%). In undergraduate and post-graduate levels,
the ratio of visually impaired students is higher thanthe ratio of visually impaired students is higher than
other handicapped groups.other handicapped groups.

2727
TURKEYTURKEY
Training Centres for Autistic ChildrenTraining Centres for Autistic Children;;
TThese centres are at primary education level and therehese centres are at primary education level and there
are special classes for autistic children. There are alsoare special classes for autistic children. There are also
private centres specialising in this subject. At higherprivate centres specialising in this subject. At higher
education levels, there are also newly foundededucation levels, there are also newly founded
vocational training centres.vocational training centres.

2828
TURKEYTURKEY
EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PEOPLE:EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PEOPLE:
Employment of disabled people is providedEmployment of disabled people is provided
mainly with quota/penalty system. Moreover,mainly with quota/penalty system. Moreover,
there are specific legislations on employment ofthere are specific legislations on employment of
disabled people. There are regulations based ondisabled people. There are regulations based on
Labour Law No. 4857, related provisions andLabour Law No. 4857, related provisions and
articles in published regulations based on Publicarticles in published regulations based on Public
Servants Law (657) and Officers Law.Servants Law (657) and Officers Law.

2929
TURKEYTURKEY
The Ministry of Labour and Social Security, General Directorate ofThe Ministry of Labour and Social Security, General Directorate of
Turkish Employment Agency and State Personnel AdministrationTurkish Employment Agency and State Personnel Administration
are the chief institutions responsible for employment of disabledare the chief institutions responsible for employment of disabled
people.people.
In the Regulations on Employment of Disabled People on the basisIn the Regulations on Employment of Disabled People on the basis
of Labour Law number 4587, employers who employ 50 or moreof Labour Law number 4587, employers who employ 50 or more
than 50 people have to employ disabled people at the ratio of 4% ofthan 50 people have to employ disabled people at the ratio of 4% of
their total employees intheir total employees in public sectorpublic sector and 3% inand 3% in private sector.private sector.
Employers who do not comply with this quota have to pay monthlyEmployers who do not comply with this quota have to pay monthly
fines.fines.

3030
TURKEYTURKEY
EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PEOPLE:EMPLOYMENT OF DISABLED PEOPLE: In the employmentIn the employment
system, there are subventions intended for employerssystem, there are subventions intended for employers
who employ more than 3% disabled people which is thewho employ more than 3% disabled people which is the
legal obligation, who employ disabled people althoughlegal obligation, who employ disabled people although
there is no legal obligation to do so and employers whothere is no legal obligation to do so and employers who
employ disabled people with incapacity to work beingemploy disabled people with incapacity to work being
more than 80%. These employers are provided with themore than 80%. These employers are provided with the
subvention of 50% discount for social securitysubvention of 50% discount for social security
contributions for each disabled person they employ. Thecontributions for each disabled person they employ. The
fee difference in between is provided by State Treasury.fee difference in between is provided by State Treasury.
..

3131
TURKEYTURKEY
There are also subventions for disabled people. DisabledThere are also subventions for disabled people. Disabled
people who are active in labour market benefit from taxpeople who are active in labour market benefit from tax
deductions. The deduction rate varies according todeductions. The deduction rate varies according to
severity of the impairment.severity of the impairment.
In addition to the system functioning on the base ofIn addition to the system functioning on the base of
quota/fine, there are also new systems about trainingquota/fine, there are also new systems about training
and employment for disabled people as well.and employment for disabled people as well.

3232
TURKEYTURKEY
Regulations on Special Vocational RehabilitationRegulations on Special Vocational Rehabilitation
CentresCentres (the Official Gazette No. 26156, dated(the Official Gazette No. 26156, dated
02.05.2006);02.05.2006); IIt is the regulation in which the firstt is the regulation in which the first
substantial arrangements are made about openingsubstantial arrangements are made about opening
vocational rehabilitation centres. The objective ofvocational rehabilitation centres. The objective of
establishing these centres is to offer services providingestablishing these centres is to offer services providing
disabled people with economic and social welfare bydisabled people with economic and social welfare by
improving their competencies and increasing theimproving their competencies and increasing the
possibilities of employment.possibilities of employment.

3333
TURKEYTURKEY
According to the aforementioned regulationAccording to the aforementioned regulation, the, the
constituents of vocational rehabilitation are medicalconstituents of vocational rehabilitation are medical
rehabilitation, vocational guidance, preparing for the job,rehabilitation, vocational guidance, preparing for the job,
career development training before being employed orcareer development training before being employed or
changing jobs, making job placement and employmentchanging jobs, making job placement and employment
easier, and follow-up being carried out steadily and ineasier, and follow-up being carried out steadily and in
coordination in order to increase the number of disabledcoordination in order to increase the number of disabled
people in suitable positions sought for in the labourpeople in suitable positions sought for in the labour
market in terms of their interest and skills.market in terms of their interest and skills.

3434
TURKEYTURKEY
Social rehabilitation implementations which did not getSocial rehabilitation implementations which did not get
much attention in the past are also now in themuch attention in the past are also now in the
regulations. According to this, social rehabilitation will beregulations. According to this, social rehabilitation will be
carried out in order to support disabled people’scarried out in order to support disabled people’s
adaptation to home, centre and social surroundings andadaptation to home, centre and social surroundings and
enable them to communicate with public/privateenable them to communicate with public/private
enterprises.enterprises.
..

3535
TURKEYTURKEY
With Sheltered Workshops RegulationWith Sheltered Workshops Regulation (the Official(the Official
Gazette No. 26183, dated 30.05.2006),Gazette No. 26183, dated 30.05.2006), a legal basis fora legal basis for
the construction of vocational rehabilitation andthe construction of vocational rehabilitation and
employment services aimed at disabled people who canemployment services aimed at disabled people who can
hardly enter the normal labour market has beenhardly enter the normal labour market has been
provided. These are the conditions to set up a shelteredprovided. These are the conditions to set up a sheltered
workshopworkshop..

3636
TURKEYTURKEY
If this enterprise operates in a metropolitan municipality,If this enterprise operates in a metropolitan municipality,
the minimum number of workers has to be 30; if thisthe minimum number of workers has to be 30; if this
enterprise operates in a municipality, the minimumenterprise operates in a municipality, the minimum
number of workers has to be 15; 75% of the employeesnumber of workers has to be 15; 75% of the employees
have to be disabled; in mentally handicapped employeeshave to be disabled; in mentally handicapped employees
incapacity to work has to be 40%; in other handicappedincapacity to work has to be 40%; in other handicapped
groups it has to be 60%; employees have to be over 15groups it has to be 60%; employees have to be over 15
years old.years old.

3737
TURKEYTURKEY
With these aforementioned regulationsWith these aforementioned regulations, providing, providing
vocational training services ensured by publicvocational training services ensured by public
enterprises became obligatory for municipalities. Withinenterprises became obligatory for municipalities. Within
this framework, disabled people who want to benefit fromthis framework, disabled people who want to benefit from
vocational training will be able to get in contact withvocational training will be able to get in contact with
municipality and will be able to benefit from thesemunicipality and will be able to benefit from these
services thanks to the payments the municipality willservices thanks to the payments the municipality will
make.make.

3838
TURKEYTURKEY
The Problems Encountered in VocationalThe Problems Encountered in Vocational
Training/Education, Rehabilitation and EmploymentTraining/Education, Rehabilitation and Employment
SystemsSystems,,
The problems experienced prior to employment are:The problems experienced prior to employment are:
there not being job and occupational analysis, lack ofthere not being job and occupational analysis, lack of
vocational training, working conditions’ not being suitablevocational training, working conditions’ not being suitable
for disabled people, lack of policies and initiatives, lack offor disabled people, lack of policies and initiatives, lack of
occupational skill and experience, economic structure ofoccupational skill and experience, economic structure of
Turkey in general, and high unemployment rate.Turkey in general, and high unemployment rate.

3939
TURKEYTURKEY
SystemsSystems,,
As it is in many other countries, vocationalAs it is in many other countries, vocational
training/education system in Turkey is planned andtraining/education system in Turkey is planned and
implemented for non-disabled people primarily. For thisimplemented for non-disabled people primarily. For this
reason, vocational training/education system excludereason, vocational training/education system exclude
disabled people in the first step. They try to integratedisabled people in the first step. They try to integrate
disabled people later on to the system which is designeddisabled people later on to the system which is designed
for the needs of non-disabled people.for the needs of non-disabled people.
..

4040
TURKEYTURKEY
SystemsSystems,,
However, for the methods that later developed do notHowever, for the methods that later developed do not
cover the needs of disabled people, these people cannotcover the needs of disabled people, these people cannot
benefit from vocational training-education at desiredbenefit from vocational training-education at desired
level. Educational programmes in Turkey are generallevel. Educational programmes in Turkey are general
and are not designed for specific characteristics ofand are not designed for specific characteristics of
people.people.

4141
TURKEYTURKEY
SystemsSystems,,
In the area of vocational training-education andIn the area of vocational training-education and
rehabilitation of disabled people, the coordination amongrehabilitation of disabled people, the coordination among
decision-making mechanisms, practitioners/schools anddecision-making mechanisms, practitioners/schools and
labour marketlabour market is not at a sufficient level. Some familiesis not at a sufficient level. Some families
do not believe that their disabled children will bedo not believe that their disabled children will be
successful in vocational training-education andsuccessful in vocational training-education and
rehabilitation.rehabilitation.

4242
TURKEYTURKEY
SystemsSystems,, Physical conditions in vocationalPhysical conditions in vocational
training/education and rehabilitation centres which aretraining/education and rehabilitation centres which are
inconvenient and inaccessible make it difficult forinconvenient and inaccessible make it difficult for
disabled people to attend these programmes. All opendisabled people to attend these programmes. All open
public spaces, especially places and transportationpublic spaces, especially places and transportation
vehicles for training-education and rehabilitation centresvehicles for training-education and rehabilitation centres
are designed for “normal” people and people who are notare designed for “normal” people and people who are not
able to move easily aren’t taken into account.able to move easily aren’t taken into account.

4343
TURKEYTURKEY
SystemsSystems,, Mental level, capacity to work, healthMental level, capacity to work, health
problems, interest and skills of disabled people are notproblems, interest and skills of disabled people are not
evaluated; prior to vocational training/education andevaluated; prior to vocational training/education and
rehabilitation, physical and occupational evaluationsrehabilitation, physical and occupational evaluations
aren’t carried out. Vocational guidance, educational-aren’t carried out. Vocational guidance, educational-
vocational development and orientation, occupationalvocational development and orientation, occupational
and professional consultancy practices are not sufficient.and professional consultancy practices are not sufficient.

4444
TURKEYTURKEY
The Problems Encountered in Vocational Training/Education,The Problems Encountered in Vocational Training/Education,
Rehabilitation and Employment SystemsRehabilitation and Employment Systems,,
Vocational rehabilitation in Turkey is carried out byVocational rehabilitation in Turkey is carried out by
various institutions. However, the collaboration andvarious institutions. However, the collaboration and
cooperation among these institutions are not sufficient.cooperation among these institutions are not sufficient.
Vocational training/education and rehabilitation servicesVocational training/education and rehabilitation services
provided are determined without conducting any surveyprovided are determined without conducting any survey
in labour market. Thus, disabled have difficulty in findingin labour market. Thus, disabled have difficulty in finding
a job even if they have vocational training-education anda job even if they have vocational training-education and
rehabilitation.rehabilitation.

4545
TURKEYTURKEY
Vocational training-education and rehabilitation is limitedVocational training-education and rehabilitation is limited
to only teaching a profession. There isn’t any effectiveto only teaching a profession. There isn’t any effective
social rehabilitation which will support disabled people’ssocial rehabilitation which will support disabled people’s
physical and social adaptation to their families and socialphysical and social adaptation to their families and social
surroundings. Vocational training/education andsurroundings. Vocational training/education and
rehabilitation requires the cooperation of professionalsrehabilitation requires the cooperation of professionals
from various areas; however, the number offrom various areas; however, the number of
professionals trained for vocational training/educationprofessionals trained for vocational training/education
and rehabilitation for disabled people fails to satisfy.and rehabilitation for disabled people fails to satisfy.

4646
TURKEYTURKEY
In the course of the placement at a job, recruitment, and vocationalIn the course of the placement at a job, recruitment, and vocational
training-education and rehabilitation about the continuance of thetraining-education and rehabilitation about the continuance of the
employment, there are other problems. First of all, disabled people’semployment, there are other problems. First of all, disabled people’s
not being able to find a job doesn’t only stem from the negativenot being able to find a job doesn’t only stem from the negative
conditions in the labour market. The biggest barrier for disabledconditions in the labour market. The biggest barrier for disabled
employees is not their being mentally or physically handicapped, itemployees is not their being mentally or physically handicapped, it
is their not being qualified enough. Lack of training-education andis their not being qualified enough. Lack of training-education and
rehabilitation services and lack of skills prevent them fromrehabilitation services and lack of skills prevent them from
participating fully in the labour market.participating fully in the labour market.

4747
TURKEYTURKEY
At the stage of employment, tracking of disabled peopleAt the stage of employment, tracking of disabled people
participating in vocational training-education andparticipating in vocational training-education and
rehabilitation services is not performed. After therehabilitation services is not performed. After the
rehabilitation programmes, disabled people who arerehabilitation programmes, disabled people who are
employed aren’t followed, and they are not given anyemployed aren’t followed, and they are not given any
support for adaptation to the job and workplace. Systemssupport for adaptation to the job and workplace. Systems
like employment coach, guidance and consultancylike employment coach, guidance and consultancy
services that can be necessary for employers and otherservices that can be necessary for employers and other
employees to adapt disabled people to the job are notemployees to adapt disabled people to the job are not
implemented.implemented.

4848
TURKEYTURKEY
Problems experienced after employment are asProblems experienced after employment are as
following: productivity of disabled people’s being low,following: productivity of disabled people’s being low,
carrying out necessary regulations insufficiently,carrying out necessary regulations insufficiently,
employment in unsuitable positions, the high rate ofemployment in unsuitable positions, the high rate of
dismissing disabled in a short period of time,dismissing disabled in a short period of time,
inappropriate job placement, difficulty in transportation,inappropriate job placement, difficulty in transportation,
the high rate of going to hospitals, discrimination and ill-the high rate of going to hospitals, discrimination and ill-
treatment at work.treatment at work.

4949
TURKEYTURKEY
In a study on this subject; according to employers, theIn a study on this subject; according to employers, the
reasons why employers have disabled employees belowreasons why employers have disabled employees below
the number of legal obligation are ineffectiveness ofthe number of legal obligation are ineffectiveness of
disabled employees and their low level of performance.disabled employees and their low level of performance.
53% of the employers state that disabled employees do53% of the employers state that disabled employees do
not work effectively, 11,3% state that their capacity isnot work effectively, 11,3% state that their capacity is
insufficient, 8,5% state that the occupation is not suitableinsufficient, 8,5% state that the occupation is not suitable
for disabled people in those workplaces.for disabled people in those workplaces.

5050
TURKEYTURKEY
Vocational Education/Training, Rehabilitation andVocational Education/Training, Rehabilitation and EmploymentEmployment
SystemSystem;;
Employers have some suggestions to increase the employmentEmployers have some suggestions to increase the employment
level.level.
Providing disabled people with the general education, vocationalProviding disabled people with the general education, vocational
education/training and vocational rehabilitation services.education/training and vocational rehabilitation services.
Occupation and profession analysis,Occupation and profession analysis,
Employment of disabled people according to their interests, skills,Employment of disabled people according to their interests, skills,
and capacity,and capacity,
Implementation of preferential occupations in labour market,Implementation of preferential occupations in labour market,
Follow-up of disabled employees.Follow-up of disabled employees.

5151
TURKEYTURKEY
Labour Market in Turkey ;Labour Market in Turkey ;
29,2% of disabled people registered to The National29,2% of disabled people registered to The National
Disability Database is mentally handicapped, 25,6% isDisability Database is mentally handicapped, 25,6% is
disabled with chronic illnesses, 8,8% is orthopedicallydisabled with chronic illnesses, 8,8% is orthopedically
handicapped, 8,4% is visually impaired, 5,9% is peoplehandicapped, 8,4% is visually impaired, 5,9% is people
having impaired hearing, 3,9% is mentally andhaving impaired hearing, 3,9% is mentally and
emotionally handicapped, 0,2% is language and speechemotionally handicapped, 0,2% is language and speech
handicapped, and 18% is those who have more than onehandicapped, and 18% is those who have more than one
disability. 58,6% of the registered people with disabilitiesdisability. 58,6% of the registered people with disabilities
is male, 41,4% is female (Survey on Problems andis male, 41,4% is female (Survey on Problems and
Expectations of Disabled People, 2010).Expectations of Disabled People, 2010).

5252
TURKEYTURKEY
Lack of data about especially expectations intended forLack of data about especially expectations intended for
labour market in our country makes it difficult to carry outlabour market in our country makes it difficult to carry out
exercises aimed at improving employment of disabledexercises aimed at improving employment of disabled
people. Carrying out a sound study about this subject ispeople. Carrying out a sound study about this subject is
necessary to have accurate data about detection ofnecessary to have accurate data about detection of
manpower deficit.manpower deficit.

5353
TURKEYTURKEY
With the acknowledgement of accessibility andWith the acknowledgement of accessibility and
employment problem for disabled people is one of theemployment problem for disabled people is one of the
principle problems that cannot be postponed, currentprinciple problems that cannot be postponed, current
regulations and things said about this issue should beregulations and things said about this issue should be
put into practice.put into practice.

5454
TURKEYTURKEY
It should not be forgotten that standard of living in aIt should not be forgotten that standard of living in a
country should be measured with the standard of livingcountry should be measured with the standard of living
of the weakest members of that country. Ethical standardof the weakest members of that country. Ethical standard
of the community and welfare criteria is the standard ofof the community and welfare criteria is the standard of
living of disabled citizens. Caring about rights of disabledliving of disabled citizens. Caring about rights of disabled
people is not only one of the principal ethical values butpeople is not only one of the principal ethical values but
also a duty and responsibility for every individual in thealso a duty and responsibility for every individual in the
community.community.

5555
TURKEYTURKEY
Another important point is that a public administrationAnother important point is that a public administration
aiming to make labour market employment betteraiming to make labour market employment better
quantitatively and qualitatively has to comprehend thequantitatively and qualitatively has to comprehend the
views of the actors, who affect the labour demand withviews of the actors, who affect the labour demand with
their daily decisions in business management, abouttheir daily decisions in business management, about
professions needed currently and needed in the next tenprofessions needed currently and needed in the next ten
years. Analysis of the place of employment of disabledyears. Analysis of the place of employment of disabled
people in the vision of future professions will bepeople in the vision of future professions will be
complementary in this regard.complementary in this regard.

5656
TURKEYTURKEY
Studies Carried Out and Things to Be DoneStudies Carried Out and Things to Be Done
In order to manage employment of disabled peopleIn order to manage employment of disabled people
more systematically, between the years of 2005 andmore systematically, between the years of 2005 and
2010, an “Action Plan” for Employment of Disabled2010, an “Action Plan” for Employment of Disabled
People was prepared. In the preparation process, all thePeople was prepared. In the preparation process, all the
concerned parties (ministries, public enterprises,concerned parties (ministries, public enterprises,
associations for people with disabilities, social partners)associations for people with disabilities, social partners)
were taken into account and there was a mutualwere taken into account and there was a mutual
understanding in taking new measures aboutunderstanding in taking new measures about
employment for disabled persons.employment for disabled persons.

5757
TURKEYTURKEY
This aforementioned action includes provisions aboutThis aforementioned action includes provisions about
improving recruitment, adaptation to work, job continuityimproving recruitment, adaptation to work, job continuity
and work.and work.
These provisions are collected under 10 headingsThese provisions are collected under 10 headings;;
1.1. Human rights should be taken into consideration whileHuman rights should be taken into consideration while
planning policies related with employment of PWDplanning policies related with employment of PWD
(People with Disabilities). Any discrimination in any stage(People with Disabilities). Any discrimination in any stage
of employment of PWD is abolished.of employment of PWD is abolished.

5858
TURKEYTURKEY
2.2. Employment Policies for PWD should be in line withEmployment Policies for PWD should be in line with
National Employment Policy and should be constitutedNational Employment Policy and should be constituted
with the collaboration of all stakeholders.with the collaboration of all stakeholders.
3.3. The employment policies for PWD should adapt itselfThe employment policies for PWD should adapt itself
according to the restructuring of public administrationaccording to the restructuring of public administration
which includes local authorities and should consider thewhich includes local authorities and should consider the
regional differences.regional differences.
44. National and international financial and human resources. National and international financial and human resources
should be used effectively.should be used effectively.

5959
TURKEYTURKEY
Studies Carried Out and Things to Be DoneStudies Carried Out and Things to Be Done;;
5.5. Public awareness should be raised to increase the ratePublic awareness should be raised to increase the rate
of employment among disabled peopleof employment among disabled people
6.6. Model applications should be developed according toModel applications should be developed according to
national need.national need.
7.7. Quota System and Penalty System should be revisedQuota System and Penalty System should be revised
such that it will increase the support for employeessuch that it will increase the support for employees

6060
TURKEYTURKEY
8.8. Developments in the industrial production operationsDevelopments in the industrial production operations
should be followed and new arrangements should beshould be followed and new arrangements should be
made accordingly.made accordingly.
9.9. Alternative employment systems should be developedAlternative employment systems should be developed
and self-employment should be encouraged.and self-employment should be encouraged.
10.10.The qualifications among disabled people should beThe qualifications among disabled people should be
increased such that it increase participation in the labourincreased such that it increase participation in the labour
market.market.

6161
TURKEYTURKEY
According to the “Care Services Strategy and ActionAccording to the “Care Services Strategy and Action
Plan 2011-2013” (the Official Gazette No. 27820, datedPlan 2011-2013” (the Official Gazette No. 27820, dated
19.01.2011) prepared by the Directorate General of19.01.2011) prepared by the Directorate General of
Disability and Elderly Services Republic of TurkeyDisability and Elderly Services Republic of Turkey
Ministry of Family and Social Policies, it is stressed thatMinistry of Family and Social Policies, it is stressed that
social services system in Turkey cannot provide asocial services system in Turkey cannot provide a
planned and programmed care service model forplanned and programmed care service model for
individuals in need of nursing and support for the familiesindividuals in need of nursing and support for the families
who provide care and protection for the disabled iswho provide care and protection for the disabled is
insufficient.insufficient.

6262
TURKEYTURKEY
In the plan in which it is pointed out that home care andIn the plan in which it is pointed out that home care and
day care services do not improve adequately becauseday care services do not improve adequately because
social services in Turkey is being organised in a waysocial services in Turkey is being organised in a way
generally called institutional care and for this reasongenerally called institutional care and for this reason
modern care models cannot be implemented; it ismodern care models cannot be implemented; it is
expressed that home care implementations should beexpressed that home care implementations should be
structured also by taking international norms intostructured also by taking international norms into
account.account.

6363
TURKEYTURKEY
In the plan in which it is also pointed out that for personsIn the plan in which it is also pointed out that for persons
with mental disorders, there are no health facilities andwith mental disorders, there are no health facilities and
boarding or day, governmental or private centres withboarding or day, governmental or private centres with
high security which can provide services on rehabilitationhigh security which can provide services on rehabilitation
and care after medical treatment; it is emphasised thatand care after medical treatment; it is emphasised that
the quality of special care centres providing carethe quality of special care centres providing care
services should be enhanced in order to provide themservices should be enhanced in order to provide them
with effective care services, in a way that fulfils thewith effective care services, in a way that fulfils the
needs and in a quality manner.needs and in a quality manner.

6464
TURKEYTURKEY
In the plan, by also reminding that the issues ofIn the plan, by also reminding that the issues of
vocational education/training for nursing staff providingvocational education/training for nursing staff providing
care services and psychological support except forcare services and psychological support except for
certificate programmes provided by a limited number ofcertificate programmes provided by a limited number of
institutions are not handled to date; it is stated that thisinstitutions are not handled to date; it is stated that this
situation prevents the quality, efficiency, performancesituation prevents the quality, efficiency, performance
and continuity of care services.and continuity of care services.

6565
TURKEYTURKEY
In the plan, in which it is pointed out that it is important toIn the plan, in which it is pointed out that it is important to
advance and come up with support technologies whichadvance and come up with support technologies which
will help each disabled group and age to improve theirwill help each disabled group and age to improve their
skills and capacity, which they will use safely,skills and capacity, which they will use safely,
comfortably and effectively; it is stated that following thecomfortably and effectively; it is stated that following the
developments in the world and popularising them bydevelopments in the world and popularising them by
adapting them to the conditions in Turkey are necessary.adapting them to the conditions in Turkey are necessary.

6666
TURKEYTURKEY
The most important advantage of Care Action Plan 2011-The most important advantage of Care Action Plan 2011-
2013 is that there will be a new system including nursing2013 is that there will be a new system including nursing
insurance, which disabled people have always hoped for,insurance, which disabled people have always hoped for,
wanted, and the applications of which exist all over thewanted, and the applications of which exist all over the
world.world.
There should be concentration on the studies that willThere should be concentration on the studies that will
change the point of view of the society about disabledchange the point of view of the society about disabled
people based on the truth that everyone may becomepeople based on the truth that everyone may become
handicapped some day.handicapped some day.

7272
TURKEYTURKEY
SUGGESTIONSSUGGESTIONS;;
 Employment policy aimed at disabled people should be formed in aEmployment policy aimed at disabled people should be formed in a
way that is parallel to the unemployment problem, one of the mainway that is parallel to the unemployment problem, one of the main
problems of the country; suitable for national employment policy;problems of the country; suitable for national employment policy;
favouring the human rights and far from all kinds of discrimination.favouring the human rights and far from all kinds of discrimination.
 Employers should be provided with enthusiasm about employmentEmployers should be provided with enthusiasm about employment
of disabled people by introducing successful disabled people takingof disabled people by introducing successful disabled people taking
part in business life to the society. Special employment officespart in business life to the society. Special employment offices
should be used more effectively to find suitable jobs for disabledshould be used more effectively to find suitable jobs for disabled
people according to their training/education.people according to their training/education.

7373
TURKEYTURKEY
 Creating social awareness and sensitivity studies as toCreating social awareness and sensitivity studies as to
why improving disabled labour force for employers iswhy improving disabled labour force for employers is
significant in terms of social policy. In the studies to besignificant in terms of social policy. In the studies to be
carried out, methods which highlight the existing capacitycarried out, methods which highlight the existing capacity
of disabled people instead of their deficiencies should beof disabled people instead of their deficiencies should be
pursued.pursued.

7474
TURKEYTURKEY
 It should be guaranteed that vocational programmes intended forIt should be guaranteed that vocational programmes intended for
disabled people is provided in an effective, widespread anddisabled people is provided in an effective, widespread and
continuous way by associated institutions and organisations andcontinuous way by associated institutions and organisations and
local administrations. In this education/training programmes, therelocal administrations. In this education/training programmes, there
should not be any age or level of education limitations. Vocationalshould not be any age or level of education limitations. Vocational
education/training courses should be organised according to theeducation/training courses should be organised according to the
labour market needs of cities. On a going-forward basis regardinglabour market needs of cities. On a going-forward basis regarding
this subject, course programmes should be prepared by taking intothis subject, course programmes should be prepared by taking into
account the technological advancements (i.e. computer-assisted).account the technological advancements (i.e. computer-assisted).

7575
TURKEYTURKEY
 Currently, in employment of disabled people, information sector isCurrently, in employment of disabled people, information sector is
also prominent. Through information sector, participation inalso prominent. Through information sector, participation in
economic and social life becomes easier on account of flexibility andeconomic and social life becomes easier on account of flexibility and
mobility in the sector. Opportunity to work in any environment wheremobility in the sector. Opportunity to work in any environment where
there is Internet, telephone and computer is provided. There is nothere is Internet, telephone and computer is provided. There is no
need to be dependent on a specific workplace. Opportunity toneed to be dependent on a specific workplace. Opportunity to
access information faster, assisting technology intended for theaccess information faster, assisting technology intended for the
needs of disabled people are increasing the career opportunities forneeds of disabled people are increasing the career opportunities for
disabled people in this sector.disabled people in this sector.

7676
TURKEYTURKEY
 Provincial Employment and Vocational Training Boards shouldProvincial Employment and Vocational Training Boards should
make decisions according to the city conditions for disabledmake decisions according to the city conditions for disabled
people’s participation in the labour market. There should be apeople’s participation in the labour market. There should be a
reward system in consideration of the penalty system that isreward system in consideration of the penalty system that is
imposed on employers subject to obligatory employmentimposed on employers subject to obligatory employment
implementation. The way that employers have to pay a penaltyimplementation. The way that employers have to pay a penalty
when they do not comply with the obligatory employment, employerswhen they do not comply with the obligatory employment, employers
who comply with this should be rewarded.who comply with this should be rewarded.

7777
TURKEYTURKEY
 It should be provided that work environment is arranged for disabledIt should be provided that work environment is arranged for disabled
people. By taking into account the development in the process ofpeople. By taking into account the development in the process of
production structure and organisation of work, the conditions ofproduction structure and organisation of work, the conditions of
social security and job security of disabled employees, flexiblesocial security and job security of disabled employees, flexible
working configurations should be implemented.working configurations should be implemented.
 Studies and development programmes aimed at improving theStudies and development programmes aimed at improving the
performance levels of disabled people should continue afterperformance levels of disabled people should continue after
employment.employment.

7878
TURKEYTURKEY
 With “Sheltered Workshops Regulations” published in the OfficialWith “Sheltered Workshops Regulations” published in the Official
Gazette No. 26183, dated 30.05.2006, sheltered workshops whichGazette No. 26183, dated 30.05.2006, sheltered workshops which
are increasing in number and recognised worldwide about providingare increasing in number and recognised worldwide about providing
employment for severely disabled people as well as mentally-employment for severely disabled people as well as mentally-
emotionally handicapped are put into practice. However, foremotionally handicapped are put into practice. However, for
aforementioned regulation to be suitable for current conditions, itaforementioned regulation to be suitable for current conditions, it
should be provided that some support and incentives are given inshould be provided that some support and incentives are given in
the process of establishing a sheltered workplace and continuing itsthe process of establishing a sheltered workplace and continuing its
existence.existence.

7979
TURKEYTURKEY
 As private sector should undertake important responsibilities aboutAs private sector should undertake important responsibilities about
employment of disabled people, private sector should increase theiremployment of disabled people, private sector should increase their
efforts and works about the employment of disabled, develop linesefforts and works about the employment of disabled, develop lines
of business. By benefitting from the implementations of EU memberof business. By benefitting from the implementations of EU member
countries, developing different qualifications of disabled people,countries, developing different qualifications of disabled people,
different employment opportunities in private sector should bedifferent employment opportunities in private sector should be
created in accordance with the conditions of our country.created in accordance with the conditions of our country.

8080
TURKEYTURKEY
 Employment of disabled people should not be regarded as a socialEmployment of disabled people should not be regarded as a social
responsibility project; it should be taken into account that they will beresponsibility project; it should be taken into account that they will be
able to be in a productive position and contribute to the nationalable to be in a productive position and contribute to the national
economy by enriching the business life.economy by enriching the business life.
 In sheltered and semi-sheltered workshops supported technicallyIn sheltered and semi-sheltered workshops supported technically
and financially by government and local administrations, disabledand financially by government and local administrations, disabled
people should become integrated to professions that they have thepeople should become integrated to professions that they have the
training/education for and marketing of the goods they produce intraining/education for and marketing of the goods they produce in
these places should be planned.these places should be planned.

8181
TURKEYTURKEY
SummarySummary;;
Giving a chance to disabled people, providing them withGiving a chance to disabled people, providing them with
opportunities to be successful, changing their lives, as aopportunities to be successful, changing their lives, as a
part of our economy, placing them in a position of apart of our economy, placing them in a position of a
producer instead of a consumer is the duty of everybodyproducer instead of a consumer is the duty of everybody
andand WORKSENWORKSEN Project is one of the steps takenProject is one of the steps taken
regarding this issue.regarding this issue.

8585
TURKEYTURKEY
THANK YOU…THANK YOU…
ERDOĞAN ÖZENERDOĞAN ÖZEN

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