By Jaya Dhindaw, WRI India; Sahana Goswami, WRI India, and Sumedha Malaviya, WRI India

1. ROADMAP TO
THE TOWNSHIPS
AND CAMPUSES
OF THE FUTURE
Urban Design & Mobility | Energy |
Water

2. AGENDA
Source: *Mckinsey
• Context
• Challenges
• Sectoral Solutions for Action
• Panel 1- Roadmaps for Sustainability
• Panel 2- Group Discussion and convening
Lunch

3. CONTEXT
• 700-900 million Sq. mts of residential
and commercial space to be built every
year –
one Chicago every year!*
• High and growing private investment in
the real estate sector, an industry
nationally responsible for 7% of GDP.
• Massive private sector engagement
needed to construct new building stock.
Source: *Mckinsey
Municipal boundary
Urban Area (2005-06)
Urban Area (2011-12)

4. • 466% increase in the built up area
of Bengaluru from 1973 to 2000.
• As per 2014 data over 5,000 acres
of Bengaluru was under
development in the periphery,
designed to be car dependent,
relying on diesel-fueled power and
would survive on purchased water.
Image Data Source: Global Land Survey and LandSat (USGS), Open Streets Map, NHAI, BBMP, BDA
1990
2000
2010
2015
INCREASE IN URBAN FOOTPRINT OF BANGALORE (1990 TO 2015)
CONTEXT

5. CONTEXT

6. • Unsustainable forms of urban development, including large,
sprawling “gated communities”.
• High real estate with cheaper land on urban periphery.
• No government oversight or regulation, no requirement for
supporting infrastructure; private provision is the norm.
• Location and price still key determinants in real estate,
low market demand for green housing, lack of consumer awareness,
and principal-agent problem in residential sector.
CHALLENGES

7. TRAVEL SCENARIO

8. Figure 1 – Bangalore’s Piped Water Access
• 70% of water demand met by
Cauvery- 100 km away, pumped
uphill to height of 540m.
• BWSSB network coverage not
uniformly extended to periphery.
• Disproportionate dependence on
ground water (extraction>rainfall),
tanker water.
WATER SCENARIO Maximum access
Least access

9. SANITATION SCENARIO
• Gated communities often
without access to sewage
networks.
• Use of small-scale STPs
hampered by power outage,
high cost of backup power.
• Desludging vehicles dump
waste in adhoc manner.
• Lack of coordination
between agencies.
Figure 2 – Sewerage Network of Bengaluru

10. ENERGY CONSUMPTION
SCENARIO
• Bengaluru consumes 35% of
Karnataka’s power- residential sector
makes up 26% of power sales.
• Little research and data on energy
use within gated communities
particularly for common area
amenities.
• No existing policies for improving
efficiency of existing buildings.

11. ELECTRICITY
• Domestic Consumption will
increase from 8,000 to 13,500
MKWh between 2013 to 2031.
• Percapita consumption will
almost double from 880 to 1,500
KWh.
• 1.67 billion sq.ft of roof top
space.
• 50% of this space generate 8450
KWh.
• Even 20% generates 3400 KWh.
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Annual Energy Demand Growth between 2013-2021
in BMAZ/BESCOM (Million KWhr)
Commercial Industrial WaterSupply Hospitals &
Education
Domestic

12. 2013-
2014
Apr
2017
Jun
2017-
Mar
2018
July
2018
Evaluating township development
in Bengaluru city and utilizing the
data as sample to craft suitable
practices
Guidebook prepared
through feedback from
workshops
UnlockBLR 2017 + 2
workshops
UnlockBLR 2018
Next Steps
2018-19
STUDY TIMELINE

13. URBAN DESIGN + MOBILITY

14. • Safety concerns while
travelling
to and from development
• Poor road and pedestrian
networks
• Lack of services
• Poor access to public transport
• Car-centric lifestyle
• Availability of open spaces and
parks
• Distributed services and
facilities
• Green practices
• Safety within the premise
CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIES

15. Policy and
regulations
Development control regulations not supportive of compact and connected developments
No disincentive to build in peripheral areas despite service delivery issues
Implementation Lack of technical capacity to implement/ upgrade to sustainable solutions; security concerns
Capacity Lack of motivation and capacity of for monitoring, service provision and operations
Financial
sustainability
Good practices are usually expensive to put in place (cap-ex); no incentives for developers
BARRIERS

16. Household
Apartment Complex
Neighborhood/Utility
/Municipality
Design
Safe access to public
transport
Complete streets
Charging Infrastructure
Adopt a road for maintenance
Shared public spaces
Sustainable building
materials
Mobility
Buses for last mile
Space for shared mobility
solutions
Xeriscaping
Electric vehicles
DESIGN + MOBILITY SOLUTIONS

17. Solution New Build/ Existing Sustainability
Benefits
Safe access to public
transport
New build and
Existing
Leads to greater
public transit use;
vibrant station areas
Complete Streets New build and
existing
Encourages walking
and cycling (non-
motorized) use
URBAN DESIGN

18. Solution New Build/
Existing
Sustainability Benefits
Shared public spaces New build and
Existing
Public spaces offer
social and
environmental
benefits impacting
micro-climate
Xeriscaping New build and
Existing
Saves water needed
for landscaping while
providing green cover
Sustainable building
materials
New build and
Existing
Reduces burden on
environment and
efficient resource
utilization
URBAN DESIGN

19. Solution New Build/
Existing
Sustainability Benefits
Space for shared mobility
solutions
New build and
Existing
Discourages personal
vehicle ownership and
shared rides
Adopt a road New build and
Existing
Roads are better
maintained with
optimal resources
Electric vehicles New build and
Existing
Reduces emissions
MOBILITY

20. Solution New Build/ Existing Sustainability
Benefits
Buses to aid last mile
connectivity.
New build and
Existing
Reduces reliance on
private modes for
city-region
connectivity
Make gated developments
porous by allowing public
road networks
New build Street grids reduce
vehicle miles travelled
and hence pollution;
enable
walking/cycling
Charging infrastructure
provision in communities
New build and
Existing
Encourages electric
mobility uptake
reducing pollution
MOBILITY

21. WATER

22. • Increasing water stress leading to innovation in water efficiency,
reuse and demand management practices
• Switch from linear supply and service delivery models to circular practices
to optimize resource use
• Improve implementation of RWH and aquifer recharge systems
OPPORTUNITIES

23. Policy and
regulations
Mandatory on-site treatment and reuse limits option of aggregation for wastewater management
Institutional overlaps and multiple tariffs
Implementation No differential between adapters of good practices and defaulter
Lack of technical capacity to implement/ upgrade to sustainable solutions
Capacity
building
Lack of capacity of for monitoring, service provision and operations
Financial
sustainability
High O&M costs (including energy costs) associated with the maintenance of installed systems
BARRIERS

24. WATER/WASTE WATER SOLUTIONSRainfall
Storm Water Management
Rain Water Harvesting
Collection in Urban Wetland/
Lakes
Recharge Wells
Permeable Pavements
Household
Apartment
Complex
Neighborhood
Individual Metering & Water Billing
Data Visualization
Drip Irrigation
Xeriscaping
Use of Water Efficient Fixture
Efficiency Measures
Segregation of
Grey & Black
Water
Use of Treated Grey Water for Flushing
Treatment
of Grey
Water
Treatment
of Black
Water
• Horticulture
• Road Washing
• Construction
Reuse of Treated
Water
Waste Water Reuse

25. SOLUTION` SCALE
NEW
BUILD/RETROFIT
SUSTAINABILITY
BENEFITS
Permeable
Pavements
Neighbourhood
New build &
retrofit
Infiltration for shallow
groundwater recharge
Recharge Wells
Household,
Apartment
Complex,
Neighbourhood
New build &
retrofit
Infiltration for
groundwater recharge
Collection in urban
wetlands and
lakes
Neighbourhood
New build &
retrofit
Infiltration for
groundwater recharge
Reduced urban flooding
(sponge city concept)
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT

26. SOLUTION SCALE
NEW
BUILD/RETROFIT
SUSTAINABILITY
BENEFITS
Rain Garden
Apartment
Complex,
Neighbourhood
New build
Infiltration for groundwater
recharge
Reduced urban flooding
(sponge city concept)
Rainwater
Harvesting
Apartment Complex New build & retrofit
Infiltration for groundwater
recharge
Water supply
augmentation
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT

27. SOLUTION SCALE
NEW
BUILD/RETROFIT
SUSTAINABILITY
BENEFITS
Xeriscaping Neighbourhood
New build &
retrofit
Reduced water
consumption and water
demand
Possible reuse of
treated grey water
Individual
Metering & Water
Billing
Apartment
Complex
New build
Leak detection and
control
Reduction in
consumption
Reduction in energy
costs
EFFICIENCY MEASURES

28. SOLUTION SCALE
NEW
BUILD/RETROFIT
SUSTAINABILITY
BENEFITS
Data visualisation
Apartment
Complex
New build &
retrofit
Map individual/
household trends
Track and reward
conservation efforts
Drive behavioural
change
Identify leakages and
wastage
Use of water
efficient fixtures
Household
New build &
retrofit
Water use reduction
Water cost reduction
Reduced energy
(pumping) costs
EFFICIENCY MEASURES

29. SOLUTION SCALE
NEW
BUILD/RETROFIT
SUSTAINABILITY
BENEFITS
Segregation of
black & grey water
Household,
Apartment
Complex
New build &
retrofit
Treated grey
water for flushing
Household New build
Reduce fresh water
demand
Move towards circular
water use
Treated black
water for
-Horticulture
-Road washing
-Construction
Neighbourhood
New build &
retrofit
Reduce fresh water use
Cost reduction in
construction projects
REUSE OF WASTEWATER

30. Energy
– Water
Nexus
Optimum
Pump Sizing
Pressure Level
– Service
Level
Adjustment
Deragging
and Clogging
Prevention
Energy
Efficient
Pumps
(Pumps with
VSD)
Prevention of
Scaling and
Fouling
Close-loop
Automation
ENERGY-WATER NEXUS

31. ENERGY

32. DRIVERS FOR CLEAN ENERGY ACTION

33. Policy and
regulatory
Low tariffs, lack of baseline data, no regulations for existing
buildings
Capacity and
implementation
Limited awareness, weak or no capacity for implementation, low
motivation and interest
Financial No incentives, financial options or risk mitigation instruments
BARRIERS

34. Household
Apartment Complex
Neighborhood/Utility
/Municipality
Smart Metering
Enforcement of building
codes
Common Area EE-RE
Solutions
Energy Efficient Appliances and
energy conservation
Common Area Rooftop Solar PV
Solutions
Use of Rooftop Solar
PV
Data collection and benchmarking
Implementing EE guidelines
ENERGY SOLUTIONS

35. Solution Scale New Build/
Existing
Sustainability
Benefits
Adopting energy
conservation
building codes and
EE guidelines
Apartment
complex
New Preventing lock-in
effect of inefficient
buildings
Utility demand Side
energy management
enabled by better
data collection
Household and
Apartment
complex
Existing Managing energy
use in existing
buildings through
Demand Response
and energy efficiency
CLEAN ENERGY

36. Solution Scale New Build/
Existing
Sustainability
Benefits
Solar PV for
common-area
energy needs in
residential buildings
Household,
Apartment
complex,
neighbourhood
and utility
New build and
existing
Generating ‘’clean’’
energy
Information,
awareness and
capacity building
Household,
Apartment
complex and
neighbourhood
New build and
existing
Behavior change
towards sustainable
choices
CLEAN ENERGY

37. PANEL I

38. Short Medium Long-term
Disclosure of annual energy use for
gated communities through
crowdsourcing
Research on Integrated
Resources Management for
gated communities
Mandatory disclosure of annual energy
use for gated communities, once every 2
years
Creating tool/platform for
monitoring energy use at gated
community level
Generating recommendations
and priorities from data
collected through the tool
Zoning regulations to encourage RE
generation. These changes must be
brought in gradually and involving all
stakeholders.
Working with BESCOM for
benchmarking energy use for all
consumers
Utility-driven data disclosure on
electricity consumption of
individual households
Preliminary/high-level scorecard for
gated communities
Utility-driven smart metering
for all
Engagement with KERC for
advocacy around specific
regulations for large sized gated
communities e.g. mandatory
X% generation from RE
ACTIONS TO ACCELERATE CLEAN ENERGY

39. TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLY MANAGED WATER /
WASTEWATER SECTOR
Short-term Medium-term Long-term
Communication of good practices on
visible platforms
Layout plans developed by architects and
builders for municipal approval to include
water plan.
Generate metrics for assessing good
practices and development of platform for
peer learning and sharing of good
practices in the water-wastewater sector.
Focus on big conversation items such as
Day Zero for Bangalore to bring about
awareness on the water stress and risks
faced by communities
Mapping and modelling at city scale
(includes water audits), aquifer status etc.,
catchment zones.
Enforcement of a transparent monitoring
system
Water awareness for end users/
consumers to assess systems provided by
developers and capacity to manage
recurring O&M issues
Identifying micro watersheds allows for
the possibility of development of common
pool activities (such as community aquifer
management; aggregation of wastewater
streams for management at scale.
Sharing roadmap of stakeholder with
concerned stakeholders such as BAF, other
apartment associations and RWAs

40. Short Medium Long-term
Buses, new mobility solutions to
aid last mile connectivity (Eg:
Metrobikes)
Government to pilot an
initiative to showcase better
mobility practices ( Eg:
Partnering with CREDAI)
Master plan and Development Control
regulations to promote compact and
connected developments
Opening data availability
technology-based applications (Eg:
BMTC, BBMP data)
RWAs can take over a road for
maintenance once data is
accessible
Increase the cost of personal vehicle
ownership
Integrate the ticketing system for
different transport modes
Greater responsibility between
communities for shared
amenities (Eg: public spaces)
ROADMAP FOR SUSTAINABILITY

41. PANEL II