SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 4
A REVOLUTION IN PROGRESS

Keynote address by
Christophe de Margerie
Total Chairman & CEO
Oil & Money– Sept. 2013
Investments and technology needed to meet oil demand
New supply by technology

Oil supply-demand
Mb/d

Oil demand
+0.6% / year

100
100

Tight oil
Extra heavy oil

~55 Mb/d
Natural decline of fields
~4-5%/y on average

50

Deep offshore

Conventional
(including EOR)

0

Spare
capacity

4%

2010

5-6%
2015

4%
2020

2025

2030

Significant investments required to satisfy demand
Oil&Money-Oct.1st,2013

2
Non conventional hydrocarbon resources largely
extend the life time for oil and gas
Liquids

Global resources

~2,350 Gb (w/o oil shale)

Gas

~2,900 Gboe (w/o hydrates)

Large upwards revaluation of
unconventional potential in the
recent past

Hydrates
Oil shale

100

140

Unconventional
resources

Gboe

EHO

1600

Shale
Gas

Tight / Shale
Oil

CBM

800
YTF

35

Shale gas

1200

80

Recovery
increase

CBM

Tight / shale oil

70

400
50

0
4 yrs beforeToday's

view

Well defined resources

Years of
production
at current
pace

Already produced

Peak oil no longer an issue: liquid production
expected to reach a plateau slightly below
100M b/d by 2025

Oil&Money-Oct.1st,2013

3
800
700

Capex large increase over the period 2004 –
2012 is partly due to cost inflation; production
growth has been slow
Oil Production

600

800
700
600

B$ & Mboepd

Gas Production
Capex (activity driven increase)

500

500

Capex (inflation driven increase)
400

400

300

300

200

200
56 Mboepd

100

40 Mboepd

100

86 Mbpd

75 Mbpd

0

0
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

CAGR 2000-12**
15,6%

8,6%

Oil & gas production

1,8%

0,5%

Oil

1,2%

0,3%

Gas

2,8%

2012

CAGR 2008-12***

E&P Capex

2011

0,8%

* CERA Upstream Capital Cost Index, 2000 (base 100) **Computed using 2000 as the reference year ***Computed using 2008 as the reference year

Oil&Money-Oct.1st,2013

4

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais de Energy Intelligence

Petroleum Executive of the Year Keynote, by H.E. Khalid Al-Falih
Petroleum Executive of the Year Keynote, by H.E. Khalid Al-FalihPetroleum Executive of the Year Keynote, by H.E. Khalid Al-Falih
Petroleum Executive of the Year Keynote, by H.E. Khalid Al-FalihEnergy Intelligence
 
Competitiveness, Carbon, Choice - Embracing Change, by Bob Dudley
Competitiveness, Carbon, Choice - Embracing Change, by Bob DudleyCompetitiveness, Carbon, Choice - Embracing Change, by Bob Dudley
Competitiveness, Carbon, Choice - Embracing Change, by Bob DudleyEnergy Intelligence
 
Financing Oil & Gas Projects in a Low Oil Price World by Jan Prins
Financing Oil & Gas Projects in a Low Oil Price World by Jan PrinsFinancing Oil & Gas Projects in a Low Oil Price World by Jan Prins
Financing Oil & Gas Projects in a Low Oil Price World by Jan PrinsEnergy Intelligence
 
Development of Electric Vehicle: where are we now? by Didier Houssin
Development of Electric Vehicle: where are we now? by Didier HoussinDevelopment of Electric Vehicle: where are we now? by Didier Houssin
Development of Electric Vehicle: where are we now? by Didier HoussinEnergy Intelligence
 
The Prize and Pitfalls of the Global LNG Business - Betsey Spomer
The Prize and Pitfalls of the Global LNG Business - Betsey SpomerThe Prize and Pitfalls of the Global LNG Business - Betsey Spomer
The Prize and Pitfalls of the Global LNG Business - Betsey SpomerEnergy Intelligence
 
Drilling on Wall Street: Growth through Acquisition
Drilling on Wall Street: Growth through AcquisitionDrilling on Wall Street: Growth through Acquisition
Drilling on Wall Street: Growth through AcquisitionEnergy Intelligence
 
Latin American Petroleum Sector in Transition
Latin American Petroleum Sector in TransitionLatin American Petroleum Sector in Transition
Latin American Petroleum Sector in TransitionEnergy Intelligence
 
Refining and Petrochemical Exports Reshaping Global Markets
Refining and Petrochemical Exports Reshaping Global MarketsRefining and Petrochemical Exports Reshaping Global Markets
Refining and Petrochemical Exports Reshaping Global MarketsEnergy Intelligence
 
The World in Play: Critical Geopolitical Drivers
The World in Play: Critical Geopolitical DriversThe World in Play: Critical Geopolitical Drivers
The World in Play: Critical Geopolitical DriversEnergy Intelligence
 
Invest or Divest: the New Financial Imperatives
Invest or Divest: the New Financial ImperativesInvest or Divest: the New Financial Imperatives
Invest or Divest: the New Financial ImperativesEnergy Intelligence
 
Lunch Hosted by McKinsey & Company
Lunch Hosted by McKinsey & CompanyLunch Hosted by McKinsey & Company
Lunch Hosted by McKinsey & CompanyEnergy Intelligence
 
New Oil Market Realities and Price Outlook - Antonio Merino
New Oil Market Realities and Price Outlook - Antonio MerinoNew Oil Market Realities and Price Outlook - Antonio Merino
New Oil Market Realities and Price Outlook - Antonio MerinoEnergy Intelligence
 
New Oil Market Realities and Price Outlook
New Oil Market Realities and Price OutlookNew Oil Market Realities and Price Outlook
New Oil Market Realities and Price OutlookEnergy Intelligence
 
How Much Will Low Prices Stimulate Oil Demand?
How Much Will Low Prices Stimulate Oil Demand?How Much Will Low Prices Stimulate Oil Demand?
How Much Will Low Prices Stimulate Oil Demand?Energy Intelligence
 
Iran’s Re-Emergence as an Oil and Gas Power: What Next?
Iran’s Re-Emergence as an Oil and Gas Power: What Next?Iran’s Re-Emergence as an Oil and Gas Power: What Next?
Iran’s Re-Emergence as an Oil and Gas Power: What Next?Energy Intelligence
 
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Mark Papa
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Mark PapaTechnological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Mark Papa
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Mark PapaEnergy Intelligence
 
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Kevin Neveu
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Kevin NeveuTechnological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Kevin Neveu
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Kevin NeveuEnergy Intelligence
 
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Ashok Belani
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Ashok BelaniTechnological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Ashok Belani
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Ashok BelaniEnergy Intelligence
 
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage
Technological Developments for Strategic AdvantageTechnological Developments for Strategic Advantage
Technological Developments for Strategic AdvantageEnergy Intelligence
 
Maximizing Upstream Value in a Low Price Environment
Maximizing Upstream Value in a Low Price EnvironmentMaximizing Upstream Value in a Low Price Environment
Maximizing Upstream Value in a Low Price EnvironmentEnergy Intelligence
 

Mais de Energy Intelligence (20)

Petroleum Executive of the Year Keynote, by H.E. Khalid Al-Falih
Petroleum Executive of the Year Keynote, by H.E. Khalid Al-FalihPetroleum Executive of the Year Keynote, by H.E. Khalid Al-Falih
Petroleum Executive of the Year Keynote, by H.E. Khalid Al-Falih
 
Competitiveness, Carbon, Choice - Embracing Change, by Bob Dudley
Competitiveness, Carbon, Choice - Embracing Change, by Bob DudleyCompetitiveness, Carbon, Choice - Embracing Change, by Bob Dudley
Competitiveness, Carbon, Choice - Embracing Change, by Bob Dudley
 
Financing Oil & Gas Projects in a Low Oil Price World by Jan Prins
Financing Oil & Gas Projects in a Low Oil Price World by Jan PrinsFinancing Oil & Gas Projects in a Low Oil Price World by Jan Prins
Financing Oil & Gas Projects in a Low Oil Price World by Jan Prins
 
Development of Electric Vehicle: where are we now? by Didier Houssin
Development of Electric Vehicle: where are we now? by Didier HoussinDevelopment of Electric Vehicle: where are we now? by Didier Houssin
Development of Electric Vehicle: where are we now? by Didier Houssin
 
The Prize and Pitfalls of the Global LNG Business - Betsey Spomer
The Prize and Pitfalls of the Global LNG Business - Betsey SpomerThe Prize and Pitfalls of the Global LNG Business - Betsey Spomer
The Prize and Pitfalls of the Global LNG Business - Betsey Spomer
 
Drilling on Wall Street: Growth through Acquisition
Drilling on Wall Street: Growth through AcquisitionDrilling on Wall Street: Growth through Acquisition
Drilling on Wall Street: Growth through Acquisition
 
Latin American Petroleum Sector in Transition
Latin American Petroleum Sector in TransitionLatin American Petroleum Sector in Transition
Latin American Petroleum Sector in Transition
 
Refining and Petrochemical Exports Reshaping Global Markets
Refining and Petrochemical Exports Reshaping Global MarketsRefining and Petrochemical Exports Reshaping Global Markets
Refining and Petrochemical Exports Reshaping Global Markets
 
The World in Play: Critical Geopolitical Drivers
The World in Play: Critical Geopolitical DriversThe World in Play: Critical Geopolitical Drivers
The World in Play: Critical Geopolitical Drivers
 
Invest or Divest: the New Financial Imperatives
Invest or Divest: the New Financial ImperativesInvest or Divest: the New Financial Imperatives
Invest or Divest: the New Financial Imperatives
 
Lunch Hosted by McKinsey & Company
Lunch Hosted by McKinsey & CompanyLunch Hosted by McKinsey & Company
Lunch Hosted by McKinsey & Company
 
New Oil Market Realities and Price Outlook - Antonio Merino
New Oil Market Realities and Price Outlook - Antonio MerinoNew Oil Market Realities and Price Outlook - Antonio Merino
New Oil Market Realities and Price Outlook - Antonio Merino
 
New Oil Market Realities and Price Outlook
New Oil Market Realities and Price OutlookNew Oil Market Realities and Price Outlook
New Oil Market Realities and Price Outlook
 
How Much Will Low Prices Stimulate Oil Demand?
How Much Will Low Prices Stimulate Oil Demand?How Much Will Low Prices Stimulate Oil Demand?
How Much Will Low Prices Stimulate Oil Demand?
 
Iran’s Re-Emergence as an Oil and Gas Power: What Next?
Iran’s Re-Emergence as an Oil and Gas Power: What Next?Iran’s Re-Emergence as an Oil and Gas Power: What Next?
Iran’s Re-Emergence as an Oil and Gas Power: What Next?
 
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Mark Papa
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Mark PapaTechnological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Mark Papa
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Mark Papa
 
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Kevin Neveu
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Kevin NeveuTechnological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Kevin Neveu
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Kevin Neveu
 
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Ashok Belani
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Ashok BelaniTechnological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Ashok Belani
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage - Ashok Belani
 
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage
Technological Developments for Strategic AdvantageTechnological Developments for Strategic Advantage
Technological Developments for Strategic Advantage
 
Maximizing Upstream Value in a Low Price Environment
Maximizing Upstream Value in a Low Price EnvironmentMaximizing Upstream Value in a Low Price Environment
Maximizing Upstream Value in a Low Price Environment
 

Último

Thompson_Taylor_MBBS_PB1_2024-03 (1)- Project & Portfolio 2.pptx
Thompson_Taylor_MBBS_PB1_2024-03 (1)- Project & Portfolio 2.pptxThompson_Taylor_MBBS_PB1_2024-03 (1)- Project & Portfolio 2.pptx
Thompson_Taylor_MBBS_PB1_2024-03 (1)- Project & Portfolio 2.pptxtmthompson1
 
Chapter 2 Organization Structure of a Treasury
Chapter 2 Organization Structure of a TreasuryChapter 2 Organization Structure of a Treasury
Chapter 2 Organization Structure of a TreasurySarunChhetri1
 
Shots fired Budget Presentation.pdf12312
Shots fired Budget Presentation.pdf12312Shots fired Budget Presentation.pdf12312
Shots fired Budget Presentation.pdf12312LR1709MUSIC
 
Jual obat aborsi Hongkong ( 085657271886 ) Cytote pil telat bulan penggugur k...
Jual obat aborsi Hongkong ( 085657271886 ) Cytote pil telat bulan penggugur k...Jual obat aborsi Hongkong ( 085657271886 ) Cytote pil telat bulan penggugur k...
Jual obat aborsi Hongkong ( 085657271886 ) Cytote pil telat bulan penggugur k...Klinik kandungan
 
SCI9-Q4-MOD9.pdfetiwtitw3i3uu45w5wtitwjt
SCI9-Q4-MOD9.pdfetiwtitw3i3uu45w5wtitwjtSCI9-Q4-MOD9.pdfetiwtitw3i3uu45w5wtitwjt
SCI9-Q4-MOD9.pdfetiwtitw3i3uu45w5wtitwjtadimosmejiaslendon
 
00971508021841 حبوب الإجهاض في دبي | أبوظبي | الشارقة | السطوة |❇ ❈ ((![© ر
00971508021841 حبوب الإجهاض في دبي | أبوظبي | الشارقة | السطوة |❇ ❈ ((![©  ر00971508021841 حبوب الإجهاض في دبي | أبوظبي | الشارقة | السطوة |❇ ❈ ((![©  ر
00971508021841 حبوب الإجهاض في دبي | أبوظبي | الشارقة | السطوة |❇ ❈ ((![© رnafizanafzal
 
Sex service available my WhatsApp number 7374088497
Sex service available my WhatsApp number 7374088497Sex service available my WhatsApp number 7374088497
Sex service available my WhatsApp number 7374088497dipikakk482
 
The Art of Decision-Making: Navigating Complexity and Uncertainty
The Art of Decision-Making: Navigating Complexity and UncertaintyThe Art of Decision-Making: Navigating Complexity and Uncertainty
The Art of Decision-Making: Navigating Complexity and Uncertaintycapivisgroup
 
Most Visionary Leaders in Cloud Revolution, Shaping Tech’s Next Era - 2024 (2...
Most Visionary Leaders in Cloud Revolution, Shaping Tech’s Next Era - 2024 (2...Most Visionary Leaders in Cloud Revolution, Shaping Tech’s Next Era - 2024 (2...
Most Visionary Leaders in Cloud Revolution, Shaping Tech’s Next Era - 2024 (2...CIO Look Magazine
 
Presentation4 (2) survey responses clearly labelled
Presentation4 (2) survey responses clearly labelledPresentation4 (2) survey responses clearly labelled
Presentation4 (2) survey responses clearly labelledCaitlinCummins3
 
Goal Presentation_NEW EMPLOYEE_NETAPS FOUNDATION.pptx
Goal Presentation_NEW EMPLOYEE_NETAPS FOUNDATION.pptxGoal Presentation_NEW EMPLOYEE_NETAPS FOUNDATION.pptx
Goal Presentation_NEW EMPLOYEE_NETAPS FOUNDATION.pptxNetapsFoundationAdmi
 
Pixar Case Analysis.....................
Pixar Case Analysis.....................Pixar Case Analysis.....................
Pixar Case Analysis.....................mikelopezalv
 
Pitch Deck Teardown: Goodcarbon's $5.5m Seed deck
Pitch Deck Teardown: Goodcarbon's $5.5m Seed deckPitch Deck Teardown: Goodcarbon's $5.5m Seed deck
Pitch Deck Teardown: Goodcarbon's $5.5m Seed deckHajeJanKamps
 
Progress Report - Oracle's OCI Analyst Summit 2024
Progress Report - Oracle's OCI Analyst Summit 2024Progress Report - Oracle's OCI Analyst Summit 2024
Progress Report - Oracle's OCI Analyst Summit 2024Holger Mueller
 

Último (20)

Home Furnishings Ecommerce Platform Short Pitch 2024
Home Furnishings Ecommerce Platform Short Pitch 2024Home Furnishings Ecommerce Platform Short Pitch 2024
Home Furnishings Ecommerce Platform Short Pitch 2024
 
Thompson_Taylor_MBBS_PB1_2024-03 (1)- Project & Portfolio 2.pptx
Thompson_Taylor_MBBS_PB1_2024-03 (1)- Project & Portfolio 2.pptxThompson_Taylor_MBBS_PB1_2024-03 (1)- Project & Portfolio 2.pptx
Thompson_Taylor_MBBS_PB1_2024-03 (1)- Project & Portfolio 2.pptx
 
Chapter 2 Organization Structure of a Treasury
Chapter 2 Organization Structure of a TreasuryChapter 2 Organization Structure of a Treasury
Chapter 2 Organization Structure of a Treasury
 
Shots fired Budget Presentation.pdf12312
Shots fired Budget Presentation.pdf12312Shots fired Budget Presentation.pdf12312
Shots fired Budget Presentation.pdf12312
 
Jual obat aborsi Hongkong ( 085657271886 ) Cytote pil telat bulan penggugur k...
Jual obat aborsi Hongkong ( 085657271886 ) Cytote pil telat bulan penggugur k...Jual obat aborsi Hongkong ( 085657271886 ) Cytote pil telat bulan penggugur k...
Jual obat aborsi Hongkong ( 085657271886 ) Cytote pil telat bulan penggugur k...
 
SCI9-Q4-MOD9.pdfetiwtitw3i3uu45w5wtitwjt
SCI9-Q4-MOD9.pdfetiwtitw3i3uu45w5wtitwjtSCI9-Q4-MOD9.pdfetiwtitw3i3uu45w5wtitwjt
SCI9-Q4-MOD9.pdfetiwtitw3i3uu45w5wtitwjt
 
Obat Aborsi Malang 0851\7696\3835 Jual Obat Cytotec Di Malang
Obat Aborsi Malang 0851\7696\3835 Jual Obat Cytotec Di MalangObat Aborsi Malang 0851\7696\3835 Jual Obat Cytotec Di Malang
Obat Aborsi Malang 0851\7696\3835 Jual Obat Cytotec Di Malang
 
WAM Corporate Presentation May 2024_w.pdf
WAM Corporate Presentation May 2024_w.pdfWAM Corporate Presentation May 2024_w.pdf
WAM Corporate Presentation May 2024_w.pdf
 
00971508021841 حبوب الإجهاض في دبي | أبوظبي | الشارقة | السطوة |❇ ❈ ((![© ر
00971508021841 حبوب الإجهاض في دبي | أبوظبي | الشارقة | السطوة |❇ ❈ ((![©  ر00971508021841 حبوب الإجهاض في دبي | أبوظبي | الشارقة | السطوة |❇ ❈ ((![©  ر
00971508021841 حبوب الإجهاض في دبي | أبوظبي | الشارقة | السطوة |❇ ❈ ((![© ر
 
Sex service available my WhatsApp number 7374088497
Sex service available my WhatsApp number 7374088497Sex service available my WhatsApp number 7374088497
Sex service available my WhatsApp number 7374088497
 
The Art of Decision-Making: Navigating Complexity and Uncertainty
The Art of Decision-Making: Navigating Complexity and UncertaintyThe Art of Decision-Making: Navigating Complexity and Uncertainty
The Art of Decision-Making: Navigating Complexity and Uncertainty
 
Most Visionary Leaders in Cloud Revolution, Shaping Tech’s Next Era - 2024 (2...
Most Visionary Leaders in Cloud Revolution, Shaping Tech’s Next Era - 2024 (2...Most Visionary Leaders in Cloud Revolution, Shaping Tech’s Next Era - 2024 (2...
Most Visionary Leaders in Cloud Revolution, Shaping Tech’s Next Era - 2024 (2...
 
Presentation4 (2) survey responses clearly labelled
Presentation4 (2) survey responses clearly labelledPresentation4 (2) survey responses clearly labelled
Presentation4 (2) survey responses clearly labelled
 
Goal Presentation_NEW EMPLOYEE_NETAPS FOUNDATION.pptx
Goal Presentation_NEW EMPLOYEE_NETAPS FOUNDATION.pptxGoal Presentation_NEW EMPLOYEE_NETAPS FOUNDATION.pptx
Goal Presentation_NEW EMPLOYEE_NETAPS FOUNDATION.pptx
 
Obat Aborsi Depok 0851\7696\3835 Jual Obat Cytotec Di Depok
Obat Aborsi Depok 0851\7696\3835 Jual Obat Cytotec Di DepokObat Aborsi Depok 0851\7696\3835 Jual Obat Cytotec Di Depok
Obat Aborsi Depok 0851\7696\3835 Jual Obat Cytotec Di Depok
 
Pixar Case Analysis.....................
Pixar Case Analysis.....................Pixar Case Analysis.....................
Pixar Case Analysis.....................
 
Pitch Deck Teardown: Goodcarbon's $5.5m Seed deck
Pitch Deck Teardown: Goodcarbon's $5.5m Seed deckPitch Deck Teardown: Goodcarbon's $5.5m Seed deck
Pitch Deck Teardown: Goodcarbon's $5.5m Seed deck
 
HomeRoots Pitch Deck | Investor Insights | April 2024
HomeRoots Pitch Deck | Investor Insights | April 2024HomeRoots Pitch Deck | Investor Insights | April 2024
HomeRoots Pitch Deck | Investor Insights | April 2024
 
Obat Aborsi Surabaya 0851\7696\3835 Jual Obat Cytotec Di Surabaya
Obat Aborsi Surabaya 0851\7696\3835 Jual Obat Cytotec Di SurabayaObat Aborsi Surabaya 0851\7696\3835 Jual Obat Cytotec Di Surabaya
Obat Aborsi Surabaya 0851\7696\3835 Jual Obat Cytotec Di Surabaya
 
Progress Report - Oracle's OCI Analyst Summit 2024
Progress Report - Oracle's OCI Analyst Summit 2024Progress Report - Oracle's OCI Analyst Summit 2024
Progress Report - Oracle's OCI Analyst Summit 2024
 

Christophe de Margerie's Keynote presentation at this year's Oil & Money Conference, 2013

  • 1. A REVOLUTION IN PROGRESS Keynote address by Christophe de Margerie Total Chairman & CEO Oil & Money– Sept. 2013
  • 2. Investments and technology needed to meet oil demand New supply by technology Oil supply-demand Mb/d Oil demand +0.6% / year 100 100 Tight oil Extra heavy oil ~55 Mb/d Natural decline of fields ~4-5%/y on average 50 Deep offshore Conventional (including EOR) 0 Spare capacity 4% 2010 5-6% 2015 4% 2020 2025 2030 Significant investments required to satisfy demand Oil&Money-Oct.1st,2013 2
  • 3. Non conventional hydrocarbon resources largely extend the life time for oil and gas Liquids Global resources ~2,350 Gb (w/o oil shale) Gas ~2,900 Gboe (w/o hydrates) Large upwards revaluation of unconventional potential in the recent past Hydrates Oil shale 100 140 Unconventional resources Gboe EHO 1600 Shale Gas Tight / Shale Oil CBM 800 YTF 35 Shale gas 1200 80 Recovery increase CBM Tight / shale oil 70 400 50 0 4 yrs beforeToday's view Well defined resources Years of production at current pace Already produced Peak oil no longer an issue: liquid production expected to reach a plateau slightly below 100M b/d by 2025 Oil&Money-Oct.1st,2013 3
  • 4. 800 700 Capex large increase over the period 2004 – 2012 is partly due to cost inflation; production growth has been slow Oil Production 600 800 700 600 B$ & Mboepd Gas Production Capex (activity driven increase) 500 500 Capex (inflation driven increase) 400 400 300 300 200 200 56 Mboepd 100 40 Mboepd 100 86 Mbpd 75 Mbpd 0 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CAGR 2000-12** 15,6% 8,6% Oil & gas production 1,8% 0,5% Oil 1,2% 0,3% Gas 2,8% 2012 CAGR 2008-12*** E&P Capex 2011 0,8% * CERA Upstream Capital Cost Index, 2000 (base 100) **Computed using 2000 as the reference year ***Computed using 2008 as the reference year Oil&Money-Oct.1st,2013 4