1. Social Media and Disasters Tom Erickson Adam Crowe

2. Objectives & Topics Identify systems and strategies to improve public safety operational considerations Consider the impact of citizens and their role in response Consider the implementation of social media usage into formalized response systems Citizen Journalism Responsible Uses Social Media Policy Elements Monitoring and Aggregation Integration with response systems Mobility and Warning Geospatial Systems Other systems

3. Numbers 7166 600,000,000 750,000,000 35 11,689,056 5,106 4,000+ 200,000,000

4. Citizen Journalism Self Reporting Phenomenon Self Correcting Acceptance by Public Acceptance by Media Impact to Situational Awareness “The testimony of the independent, well-informed eyewitness is more vital than ever in our interconnected world…[but] how this can still be achieved when the technology and business of journalism is being transformed out of all recognition?” ~Garton Ash, Author of Facts are Subversive

5. Self Reporting Phenomenon

6. Acceptance by Citizens

7. Self-Produced Every mobile phone has cameras Most smartphones have video capability Mobile Apps shorten production window Quality is reduced

8. Live Streaming No production cost or time Poor production quality High reporting quality Location-based capability

9. The New “Enemy”

10. Self Correcting Major principle of social media systems Ensures bias is no more or less than traditional systems Wikipedia concept Virginia Tech Shooting

11. Acceptance by Traditional Media Grainy Pictures and Videos Source Challenges Microblogs replacing newsfeeds Increased speed of news cycle Mergers of traditional outlets with online outlets (Newsweek/Daily Beast) Kris Ketz, KMBC-9, @KrisKetz

12. 2007 2008 2009 2010 Death to Print Media Courtesy of graphicdesignr.net/papercuts/

13. Citizen Responsibility

15. Utah Man 36 Year Old Man Utah Police attempt to serve bench warrant Potential hostage Facebook contact with friends More than 100 total comments 16 hour standoff Shot himself as Police entered room

16. Citizen Responsibility Don’t put yourself in danger Don’t put first responders in danger Don’t redistribute unconfirmed information Don’t post emergency information on unwatched sites

17. Responsibility of Responders Report hours of operation Protection of limited release information Confirm before redistribution Acknowledge source materials

18. Appropriate Levels of Engagement Active Passive Stationary Organizational investment Leadership support

21. Social Media Policy – Essential Elements Employee Access Account Management Acceptable Use Employee Conduct Content Legal Issues Citizen Conduct

22. Employee Conduct Johnson Co. (KS) Community College Senior Nursing Student Picture of Placenta on Facebook Supervisor observed, condoned, then changed Student ultimately dismissed from program

23. Definition of Content

24. Acceptable Use Acceptable Conversation Response Engagement Record retention statement Not-Acceptable Argumentative Ignoring questions Personal messages, content, information Sharing of privileged information

25. “Social awareness has three levels: when everyone knows something, when everybody knows that everybody knows, and when everybody knows that everybody knows that everybody knows.” ~Clay Shirky, Here Comes Everybody Aggregation & Monitoring

26. Real-time Searching Dragnet Searching Measurement/Influence Monitter Topsy Kurrently Social Mention TrendsMap Google Realtime Open Facebook HyperAlerts Google Alerts Yahoo Alerts TweetDeck HootSuite Google Blog Search Twitter Advanced Search Google Analytics Tweetstats Trendpedia Klout Monitoring

27. Monitoring

28. Mayor of Newark Mayor Cory Booker Used Twitter during 2010 Snowpocalypse Responded to requests for help Personal and professional responses

29. Aggregation Considerations: Role in JIC Social News Theory of Social Validation Integration with 311 Tools: RSS Feeds/Readers Facebook Platform Social Stream Yahoo Pipes Paper.li Twittersheep Reddit StumbleUpon Digg Newsvine Twitter ShareThis/AddThis Google Disaster Aggregator

30. Vacouver Riots

31. Integration with National Response Systems What is NIMS? Benefits to Integration Challenges to Social Media Usage Exercises and Testing Elephant in the JIC

32. Information Pacing

33. Communication Style

34. Trust Level

35. Mobility & Warning “I guarantee that five years from now TV as we know it will be gone…It will have been a 60-year-old experiment that will be followed by something else.” ~Doc Searls, Fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University Traditional Warning Strategies Modern Warning Strategies Rise of Mobile Internet Types of Mobile Interface

36. Traditional Warning Strategies Outdoor warning sirens All-hazard Alert Radios Blast email/fax Press Releases Websites – Static Content

37. Modern Warning Strategies Text Notification GPS System IPAWS Road Sign Messages Website Scrollers Widgets Smart (NGen) 911

38. Rise of Mobile Internet “Every two days the world creates as much information as it did from the beginning of civilization up to 2003.” ~Eric Schmidt, Google Executive Chairman and former CEO DARPA created internet in 1966 World Wide Web was invented in 1990 Mosaic web browser invented in 1993 By 2015 mobile internet traffic will surpass traditional internet traffic

39. Rise of Mobile Internet By the end of 2009, there were more than 4.6 billion cell phone subscriptions throughout the world Estimated that more than 50% of Americans will have smartphones by end of 2011 More than 10 Billion Apps have been sold in the iTunes store Mobile Applications Safety Systems Health and Safety Preparedness

40. Modern and Effective

41. Disaster Uses of Mobile Apps Queensland Flooding (2011) Disaster Mitigation and Recovery Kit (DMARK) Iceland Volcano Eruption “I have, I need” Pittsburgh EMS “Field Partner”

42. Other Mobile Applications Augmented Reality Geospatial Systems Location-based Social Networking Citizen Journalism

43. Location-based Social Networking FourSquare GoWalla Google Latitude Facebook Places

44. Field Accountability Search & Rescue Damage Assessment Population Monitoring Debris Management Emergency Uses

45. Volunteer & Donations Management Volunteerism 2.0 Change in source of request Mirror/Magnify Callouts Not always physical work Positive correlation with social media usage Donations Management 2.0 Mobile Giving Magnification of advocacy Transcends geography proximity

46. Examples of Volunteerism 2.0 Toomers for Tuscaloosa Fargo Flooding University of Canterbury Volunteer Army CrisisCommons Mission 4636

47. Examples of Donations Management 2.0 American Red Cross Salvation Army Check-ins for Charity Facebook Causes Integration with Google Checkout & PayPal Upselling on Social Gaming

48. Crowdsourcing & Geospatial Systems Definitions Common Examples Benefits to Public Safety & Emergency Management

49. Crowdsourcing – What is it? VS.

50. Crowdsourcing Examples

51. Crowdsourcing Examples Additional Examples iStockPhoto Challenges.gov P2P Sharing Wikipedia Additional Considerations Four Models Collective wisdom Crowd creation Crowd voting Crowdfunding What are the incentives? Not used to replace professional processes The crowd will filter The crowd is always right Crowdfeeding

52. Crowdsourcing Disaster Examples Power of Ushahidi Haiti New Zealand BP/Bucket Brigade Alabama Tornadoes Japan Earthquake & Tsunami Snowmaggeden CrisisCamps Hashtags

53. Geospatial Systems Geospatial Mapping Location-based Social Networking QR Codes Augmented Reality

54. Geospatial Mapping

55. Video Systems Video Storage Video Streaming Video Calling

56. YouTube & Vimeo Online storage of videos Unique Channels Embeddable linkage Comments, feedback, and cross-promotion Uses: Situational Awareness Public Education Public Promotion

57. Streaming Video Video stream to channel Embeddable links Integration into other social media systems Uses Event spotting Feedback mechanism to operations centers Media engagement Virtual trainings

58. Video Calling Skype & ooVoo Video calling between individuals in different locations Uses: Media interviews Situational Awareness Remote meetings

59. Additional Systems Social Bookmarking Bulk Storage & Sharing Collaborative Editing