synovial joint, definition of synovial joint, diarthrodial joints, components of synovial joint, types of synovial joints, hinge joint with examples, pivot joint with examples, condyloid joint with examples, saddle joint with examples, ball and socket joint with examples, gliding joint with examples, features of synovial joint, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, components of synovial membrane, meniscus, true and accessory ligament of synovial joint, bursae, blood supply of synovial joint, innervation of synovial joint

1. SYNOVIAL JOINT
Dr SANA YASEEN
ANATOMY DEPARTMENT
JMDC

2. INTRODUCTION
• These are the most freely moveable
joints.
• They are often termed as DIARTHRODIAL
Joints.
(the site of the junction or union of two or
more bones of the body; its primary
function is to provide motion and
flexibility to the frame of the body.)

3. COMPONENTS OF SYNOVIAL JOINT
It posses,
• Articular ends of bones enclosed in so called fibrous
capsule. Forming a cavity called JOINT cavity filled
with synovial fluid

6. FEATURES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
1- The articular surfaces are covered by a thin
plate of articular(hyaline) cartilage.
2- The cavity of the joint is lined everywhere
by SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE except over the
articular cartilage.

8. 3- Between articular surfaces there is a joint
cavity filled with SYNOVIAL FLUID secreted by
synovial membrane which provides lubrication
of the articular surfaces and nutrition to
articular cartilage.
4- The joint is surrounded by ARTICULAR
CAPSULE
(fibrous capsule along with synovial
membrane forms articular capsule).

10. COMPONENTS OF SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
It consists of the following:
1- Fibrous capsule
2- Synovial membrane
3- Articular cartilage
4- Articular disc or Meniscus
5- Ligaments
6- Bursae

11. FIBROUS CAPSULE
 A protective layer of dense white connective tissue that covers
the ends of the articulating bones.
 It completely encloses the cavity.
 It is lined on its inner aspect by synovial membrane.
 Fibrous capsule along with synovial membrane forms
ARTICULAR CAPSULE.
FUNCTIONS:
 It stabilize the joint (permits the movements but resists
dislocation).
 It is richly supplied by nerves so sensitive to stretches and
produce reflex contraction of muscles acting on the joint in
such a way that joint is brought in position of maximum
comfort to protect the joint. This is known as “ Watch-dog”
action of capsule.

12. SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
• It is a thin highly vascular membrane of
connective tissue linning the whole interior of
the joint except articular surfaces.
FUNCTIONS:
 It produces synovial fluid which is
slimy,viscous like an egg-white, which
lubricates the joint and nourishes the
articular cartilage.

13. ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
• It is made up of hyaline cartilage.
• It is avascular, non nervous and elastic.
FUNCTIONS:
• It provides smooth friction, free movements
and resist compression forces.

14. MENISCUS
• These are the pads of fibrocartilage interposed
between the articular surfaces of some joints.
• Examples: TMJ, Sterno-clavicular, radio-ulna and
knee joints
FUNCTIONS:
• Helps in lubrication.
• Divides the joint completely into two
compartments.
• Prevents wear and tear of articular cartilage by
providing cushioning effect.

15. LIGAMENTS
These are thickened bands of collagen fibers.
TYPES:
1- TRUE LIGAMENTS
2- ACCESSORY LIGAMENTS

16. TRUE LIGAMENTS
• They thickens the fibrous capsule and are not
separate from the capsule.
• They are also called INTRINSIC LIGAMENTS.
FUNCTIONS:
• They permit the movement in one plane and
prevent unwanted movements in other
planes.
• They also stabilize the joint.

17. ACCESSORY LIGAMENTS
• They are separate from fibrous capsule and
may be extracapsular or intra capsular.
FUNCTION:
• They provide additional reinforcement to
joint and limit the range of movements.

18. BURSAE
• They are pouch like sacs of CT filled with synovial fluid,
found near certain synovial joints.
LOCATIONS:
• Between Tendon and Bone
• Between Muscle and Bone
• Between Skin and Bone
• Between Tendon and Skin
FUNCTIONS:
• Reduces friction of one structure moving over the other.
• Provide cushioning effect.

19.  PLANE SYNOVIAL JOINT
 HINGE SYNOVIAL JOINT
 CONDYLAR JOINT
 BALL & SOCHET JOIT
 ELLIPSOID JOINT
 SADDLE JOIT
 PIVOT JOIT
TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINT

20. PLANE SYNOVIAL JOINT
• THE articular surfaces are flat
• Movt: sliding, gliding movements (translations) in
various direction
• Eg: intercarpal joint
Intertarsal joint

22. HINGE JOINTS
• Articular surfaces are pulley shaped
• Have strong collateral ligaments
• Movt: in one plane around transverse axis
• Eg: elbow joint
ankle joint
interphalangeal joint

25. PIVOT JOINT
• Articulating surface comprises of central
bony pivot surrounded by osteoligamentous
ring.
• Eg: superior & inferior radio-ulnar joint
median atlanto axial joint

28. CONDYLAR JOINTS
• Articular surface include two distinct
condyles fitting into reciprocally concave
surface.
• Movt: in one plane around a transverse axis,
but partialy in other plane around a verticle
axis.
• Eg: knee joint
right and left jaw joint

30. ELLIPSOID JOINTS
• Articular surfaces include and oval, convex surface
fitting into elliptical concave surface
• Free movements are permitted around both axes,
Transverse axis: flexion & extension
Anteroposterior axis: abduction & adduction
Combination of all these movt called : circumduction
Eg: wrist joint
Metacarpophalageal joint
Atlanto-occipital joint

33. SADDLE JOINT
• Articular surface are reciprocally concavoconvex
• Mvt similar to ellipsoid joint with addition of some
rotation around third axis
Examples:
first carpometacarpal joint
sternoclavicular joint
Calcaneocuboid joint

35. BALL AND SOCKET JOINT
• Articular surface include globular head fitting
into cup shaped socket.
• Movements occur around all axis with one
common center
• Example:
• Shoulder joint
• Hip joint

38. BLOOD SUPPLY OF SYNOVIAL JOINT

39. • The articular & epiphysial branches given off by
neighbouring arteries form PERIARTICULAR ARTERIAL
PLEXUS.
• Vessels from these plexus pierce fibrous capsule and
form a rich vascular plexus in the synovial membrane
• The vessels of synovial membrane terminate around
articular margin in fringe of looped anastomoses
called CIRCULUS VASCULOSUS
• It suplies capsule, synovial membrane and epiphysis

40. NERVE SUPPLY
• Capsule & ligament: rich nerve supply
• Synovial membrane: poor nerve supply
• Articular cartilage: totally insensitive
• Types of nerve fibers:
• Sensory (proprioceptive) sensory to position &
movement. Controle reflex of posture &
locomotion
• and autonomic are vasomotor