Lassa fever case study
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Presentation by Dr Lina Moses of Tulane University at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
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Lassa fever case study
- 1. Lassa Fever Case Study
- 2. Njala University Thomas Winnebah Bashiru Koroma Morrison Lahai Alie Kamara Alhaji Gogra John Borway Institute of Development Studies Melissa Leach Annie Wilkinson Catherine Grant Tulane University Lina Moses Kenema Government Hospital Donald Grant James Koninga Lansana Kanneh Franklyn Kanneh Momoh Foday Special thanks to the communities of Lalehun Kovoma Lambayama (Kenema) Largo Square (Segbwema) Majihun
- 3. Lassa Fever • Viral hemorrhagic fever endemic to West Africa • Mortality up to 69% Kenema Government Hospital, Sierra Leone (Shaffer et al. 2014 PLoS NTD) • Rodent reservoir: Mastomys natalensis • Where and how are people getting infected? • West African subspecies (Redding et al. 2016 Mol Ecol Evol) • Rodent to human transmission: 80% (Lo Iocono et al. 2015 PLoS NTD) Photo: Dan Bausch Photo: Lina Moses Image: David Redding
- 4. Lassa Fever Case Study • Land use impact on small mammal abundance, M. natalensis • Livelihood practices and ecosystems service uses that increase/decrease exposure to M. natalensis • Virus regulation as an ecosystems service (human and rodent infection) • Local knowledge of disease transmission and prevention
- 5. Lambayama Section, Kenema Majihun Lalehun Kovoma Largo Square Section, Segbwema
- 7. OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN Harvest Burning Brushing Planting Upland Cycle 2 years of data collection 2013 2014 2015 FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG Four points of data collection Transectmapping Focusgroups Trapping Bloodsampling Focusgroups Trapping Bloodsampling Focusgroups Trapping Bloodsampling Trapping Swamp Cycle Weeding, birdmgmt Weeding, birdmgmt Harvest Harvest Harvest Vegetable gardening Soilprep, planting Vegetable gardening Soilprep, planting Burning Brushing Planting EBOLA Temporal Dimensions
- 8. 0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% OctNov 13 FebMar 14 MayJ 14 AugS 15 Cleared Old fallow Swamp rice Upland mixed Young fallow Total Mastomys Trap Success by Land Use and Season Fallow land recently cleared for upland mixed crops Swamp vegetable, post rice harvest Upland soil prep, planting Oct 2013 Mar 2014 May 2014 Aug 2015
- 9. Fallow land recently cleared—Feb/March Men: convert bush to farm—brushing, felling trees, burning; use of tools, fire Women and children: feed work parties, bring food and water, gather and bundle fuel wood
- 10. Swamp Vegetable Garden, post rice harvest—Feb/March Women: Vegetable gardening using hands intensively. Independent income source.
- 11. Upland Soil Preparation and Planting—May Women, men and children all involved in planting rice, ground nuts, intercrops. Land (and burrows?) significantly disturbed
- 12. Seasonal Peaks of Lassa Fever cases reporting to Kenema Government Hospital 2008-2012 Peak of M. natalensis abundance in cleared and swamp land Peak of M. natalensis abundance in upland farms (Shaffer et al. 2014, PLoS NTD) This study also showed Lassa fever for women
- 13. Analyses in Progress • Human Lassa Antibody Seroconversions • Gender and age distribution • Association with agricultural activities • Integrating data on local understanding of rodent, diseases, and their control • Virus incidence in small mammal populations • Species richness, disease regulation • Interspecific competition
- 14. Key findings • Peak abundance of Mastomys coincides with times of significant human-driven land perturbation • This perturbation is gender and age specific. • This coincides with peak seasons in Lassa fever incidence • Seroconversion data will give better insight • Lassa fever disease system should be examined in the context of ecosystems services • Mastomys as protein source • Mastomys as agricultural pest and disease reservoir • Potential cross-cutting with agricultural sector
- 15. This work, Dynamic Drivers of Disease in Africa Consortium, NERC project number NE-J001570-1, was funded with support from the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) programme. The ESPA programme is funded by the Department for International Development (DFID), the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC).