This document provides information on various topics in child psychiatry. It discusses child development, behavioral and emotional disorders that usually onset in childhood/adolescence, nocturnal enuresis, nocturnal encopresis, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, and stammering. It defines each condition and covers epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, course and prognosis. The document is a reference for child psychiatric conditions.
4. B.B. Child as a symbol of relationshipChild as a symbol of relationship
problemsproblems
i. Child-parent relationshipi. Child-parent relationship
ii. Relationship between theii. Relationship between the
parentsparents
C. Source of historyC. Source of history
i. Childi. Child
ii. Parentii. Parent
iii. Teachersiii. Teachers
5. Behavioral & EmotionalBehavioral & Emotional
Disorders With OnsetDisorders With Onset
Usually OccurringUsually Occurring
Childhood & AdolescenceChildhood & Adolescence
1.1. Hyperkinetic DisordersHyperkinetic Disorders
2. Conduct Disorders2. Conduct Disorders
3. Mixed Disorders of Conduct and3. Mixed Disorders of Conduct and
EmotionsEmotions
4. Emotional Disorders with onset4. Emotional Disorders with onset
specific to Childhoodspecific to Childhood
6. 5. Disorders of Social Functioning5. Disorders of Social Functioning
with onset specific to Childhood andwith onset specific to Childhood and
AdolescenceAdolescence
6. Tic Disorders6. Tic Disorders
7. Other Behavioral and Emotional7. Other Behavioral and Emotional
DisordersDisorders
8. Unspecified Mental Disorders8. Unspecified Mental Disorders
10. EPIDEMIOLOGYEPIDEMIOLOGY
Early onset usually before age of 6Early onset usually before age of 6
but more noticeable once thebut more noticeable once the
child starts schoolchild starts school
Several times more frequent inSeveral times more frequent in
boys than girls 3 – 5 x moreboys than girls 3 – 5 x more
More in first born boysMore in first born boys
11.
Incidence reported 2 – 20% ofIncidence reported 2 – 20% of
grade school children ,grade school children ,
conservative figure 3-5 % ofconservative figure 3-5 % of
prepubertal elementary schoolprepubertal elementary school
children.children.
18. Associated FeaturesAssociated Features
DisinhibitionDisinhibition
RecklessnessRecklessness
Impulsive flouting of social rulesImpulsive flouting of social rules
Prone to accidentProne to accident
Secondary:Secondary:
dissocial behaviordissocial behavior
low self esteemlow self esteem
19. Pervasive over situationsPervasive over situations
(at least 2 situations)(at least 2 situations)
Persistence over timePersistence over time
Interference with social activitiesInterference with social activities
20. DiagnosisDiagnosis
Rate and deviation inRate and deviation in
developmentdevelopment
School history and teacher’sSchool history and teacher’s
reportreport
21. relations with siblingsrelations with siblings
mental state:mental state:
distractibilitydistractibility
perseverationperseveration
30. AUTISMAUTISM
Abnormal and/or impairedAbnormal and/or impaired
development.development.
Manifest before the age of 3Manifest before the age of 3
years.years.
Abnormal functioning in allAbnormal functioning in all
three areas.three areas.
32. EPIDEMIOLOGYEPIDEMIOLOGY
Prevalence:- 2-5 cases perPrevalence:- 2-5 cases per
10,000 children under age of10,000 children under age of
12.12.
Before age of 36 months.Before age of 36 months.
3 – 5 x more common in boys.3 – 5 x more common in boys.
Equally prevalent in all socialEqually prevalent in all social
strata.strata.
34. NEUROLOGICAL &NEUROLOGICAL &
BIOLOGICALBIOLOGICAL
FACTORS:FACTORS:
Complication ofComplication of
pregnancy in firstpregnancy in first
trimester.trimester.
4 – 32% have increase4 – 32% have increase
brain volume,brain volume,
temporal lobe damage.temporal lobe damage.
35. GENETICGENETIC
FACTORSFACTORS::
2 – 4% of siblings2 – 4% of siblings
of children withof children with
autism also haveautism also have
autism.autism.
50 x higher rate50 x higher rate
than in generalthan in general
population.population.
49. Speech characterized bySpeech characterized by
frequent repetition orfrequent repetition or
prolongation of sounds orprolongation of sounds or
syllables or words or by frequentsyllables or words or by frequent
hesitation or pauses that disrupthesitation or pauses that disrupt
the rhythmic flow of speech.the rhythmic flow of speech.
50. EPIDEMIOLOGYEPIDEMIOLOGY ::
1% in general population.1% in general population.
Most common in young children.Most common in young children.
3 – 4 times more common in males.3 – 4 times more common in males.
More in families with historyMore in families with history
of stuttering.of stuttering.
Appears mostly between 18Appears mostly between 18
months – 9 years.months – 9 years.