Getting started with open source technology linux , linux distros , comparison between open source and commercial software and linux uses

1. OPEN SOURCE
TECHNOLOGY
Unit 1 - Introduction
Presented by-
Jillian Priscilla
II BCA – A
Mentor – Dr. R. Shalini

2. Syllabus
Introduction to Open Source – Open Source versus Commercial Software – What is
Linux? – Free Software – Where can I use Linux? – Linux Kernal – Linux
Distributions

3. Introduction to Open Source
Open source technology means that its source code is freely
available to use, modify, and redistribute.
(or)
Open source is a term that originally referred to open source
software (OSS). Open source software is code that is designed to
be publicly accessible—anyone can see, modify, and distribute
the code as they see fit.

4. History of OSS –
• Originated in 1983 from an ideological movement informally founded by
Richard Stallman.
• Stallman began releasing free code under his own license, called the GNU
Public License.
• Led to the formation of the Open Source Initiative in 1998.

5. How does OSS work?
• Open source code is usually stored in a public repository and
shared publicly.
• Anyone can access the repository to use the code independently or
contribute improvements to the design and functionality of the
overall project.
• OSS usually comes with a distribution license. This license
includes terms that define how developers can use, study, modify,
and most importantly, distribute the software.

6. Five of the most popular licenses are:
• MIT License
• GNU General Public License (GPL) 2.0—this is more restrictive and requires
that copies of modified code are made available for public use
• Apache License 2.0
• GNU General Public License (GPL) 3.0
• BSD License 2.0 (3-clause, New or Revised)—this is less restrictive

7. Examples of Open-source products
• Operating systems-
Android, Ubuntu, Linux
• Internet browsers
Mozilla Firefox, Chromium
• Integrated Development Environment (IDEs) –
Vs code (Visual Studio Code), Android Studio, PyCharm, Xcode

8. Examples of open-source software
• LibreOffice.
• GNU/Linux.
• VLC Media Player.
• Mozilla Firefox.
• GIMP.
• VNC.
• Apache web server.
• jQuery.

9. OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE VS
COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE
Open source software is the computer
software developed either by an
individual, group or an organization
to meet certain requirements and it is
available openly for general public
for any modifications based on its
developing body’s interest.
The cost of open source software is
free.
Open source provides limited
technical support.
Commercial software is the computer
software where only the person, team, or
organization that created it can modify
also they have exclusive right over the
software. Anyone needs to use it has to
pay for it valid and authorized license.
The cost of commercial software varies
from moderate to expensive.
Commercial software provides
guaranteed technical support.

10. OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE
Open source software is available
under free licensing.
In open source software users need to
rely on community support.
In open source software installation and
updates are administered by the user.
Limited hands on training and online
resources are available for open
source software application training.
Here in open source software users
can customize.
Commercial software is available under
high licensing cost.
In commercial software users get
dedicated support from the vendor.
In Commercial software installation and
updates are administered by the software
vendor.
On site and Online trainings are
available from the commercial software
vendor side for software application
training.
But in commercial software mainly
vendor offers customization.

11. Advantages of open source software
• Free
• Freely make changes to dysfunctional or problematic aspects of the application
to better fit their unique needs.
• Users can depend on it for their long-term projects
• Programmers can use pre-existing code or come up with their own innovations.
• Provides great learning opportunities for new programmers.

12. Disadvantages of open source software
• Harder to use and adopt due to lack of friendly user interfaces.
• Can pose compatibility issues.
• Can pose liability issues.
• Can incur unexpected costs.

13. Benefits of open source technology
• Flexibility - allows the software to be built or customized by the business from
the ground up.
• Cost - The majority of OSS is distributed freely, making it very cost-effective.
• Speed - The flexibility offered by open-source software makes for speedy
development.
• Secure - Its open-source counterpart enables you to get into the bits and bytes
of the freely available source code.
• Technically Advanced - use bleeding-edge technologies to create new
solutions to get their hands on the latest innovations.

14. Linux
• It is a Unix-like, open source and community-developed operating system.
• It is supported on almost every major computer platform.
• The Linux OS was developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991.

15. Linux Features
• Multiuser capability - Multiple users can access the same system resources but
they have to use different terminals to operate.
• Multitasking - More than one function can be performed simultaneously by
dividing the CPU time.
• Portability - It means that it support different types of hardware.
• Security - It provides security in three ways namely authenticating, authorization
and encryption.
• Live CD/USB - Almost all Linux distros provide live CD/USB so that users can
run/try it without installing it.
• Graphical User Interface (X Window system) - Linux is command line based
OS but it can be converted to GUI based by installing packages.

16. • Support customized keyboard - As it is used worldwide, hence supports
different languages keyboards.
• Application support - It has its own software repository from where users
can download and install many applications.
• File System - Provides hierarchical file system in which files and directories
are arranged.
• Open Source - Linux code is freely available to all and is a community based
development project.

17. Where I can use Linux?
Linux is used in the following ways:
• Server OS
• Desktop OS
• Headless server OS
• Embedded device or appliance OS
• Network OS
• Software development OS
• Cloud OS for cloud instances

18. Linux Kernel
• Kernel is central or main component of an operating system that manages
operations of computer and hardware.
• Kernel acts as a bridge between applications and data processing performed at
hardware level using inter-process communication and system calls.
• It is responsible for various tasks such as disk management, task management,
and memory management.
• It basically acts as an interface between user applications and hardware.

19. Objectives of Kernel :
• To establish communication between user level application and hardware.
• To decide state of incoming processes.
• To control disk management.
• To control memory management.
• To control task management.

20. Subsystem in Linux Kernal
■ The Linux kernel is composed of five main subsystems:

21. • The Process Scheduler (SCHED) is responsible for fairly distributing the CPU time
among all the processes running on the system simultaneously.
• The Memory Manager (MM) is responsible for proper distribution of the memory
resources among the various processes running on the system. The MMU does more
than just simply provide separate virtual address spaces for each of the processes.
• The Virtual File System (VFS) This subsystem is responsible for providing a
unified interface to access stored data across different file systems and physical
storage media.
• The Network Interface (NET) provides access to several networking standards
and a variety of network hardware.
• The Inter-Process Communication (IPC) subsystem supports several mechanisms
for process-to-process communication on a single Linux system.

22. Linux Distributions (Distros)
1. Ubuntu
• It came into existence in 2004.
• Ubuntu is a next version of Debian and easy to use for newbies.
• It comes with a lots of pre-installed apps.
2. Linux Mint
• Mint is based on Ubuntu.
• it has its own popularity and it uses cinnamon and mate desktop instead of
Ubuntu’s unity desktop environment.

23. Linux Distributions (Distros)
■ 3. Red Hat Enterprise / CentOS
• Red hat is a commercial Linux distributor.
• It uses trademark law to prevent their software from being redistributed.
4. Debian
• Debian has its existence since 1993 and releases its versions much slowly
then Ubuntu and mint.
• This makes it one of the most stable Linux distributor.

24. Linux Distributions (Distros)
■ 5. Fedora
• It is a project that mainly focuses on free software and provides latest version of
software.
• It is less stable but provides the latest stuff.

25. Thank
You