1. Equus caballus
http://www.oaksequine.com/EQUINE%20WELLNESS%202.asp

2. Current Issues
• Equine slaughter ban
– Unintended consequences
• Economy
– Starving, neglected horses
• Limited laws: Penal Code
– 597. Cruelty to Animals
– 597.1 Animals in specified places
w/o care or attention
– 597f Abandoned or neglected
animals; Duties of public
authorities; Euthanasia

3. Equine Welfare / Current Issues
• Neglect / Starvation
– If >50% of BW lost, prognosis poor
– Abrupt re-feeding can  metabolic
problems, death (cardiac, respiratory,
renal)
• Starved body takes protein from muscles AND
vital organs such as heart, GI
• Usually 3-5 days following 1st meal

4. Horse Teeth
• Males always have canines, females rarely or small
• Full mouth (adult teeth) at ~5 years old
• Teeth erupt continuously @ ~3mm/year
• Adult teeth:
– P1 @ 6m-1y (wolf tooth)
– M1 @ 1y
– M2 @ 2y
– P2 @ 2.5y
– I1 @ 2.5y
– P3 @ 3y
– I2 @ 3.5y
– M3 @ 3.5-4y
– P4 @ 4y
– I3 @ 4.5y
– Galvayne‟s Groove starts @ 9-10y & all the way down by 20y

5. Wave Mouth
glaciervet.com/Dentistry%20Page.html

6. Dental Equipment
http://www.equinebladesdirect.com/product.aspx?subcatid=41
http://www.cappsmanufacturing.com/store/scripts/prodView.asp?idproduct=214

7. Recommended Dental Care
• Annual veterinary exam if no problems
• Float as needed – manual, power
• ALWAYS recommend exam if horse is:
– Losing weight
– Dropping food
– Dysphagia / difficulty eating
– Swelling, mouth pain, foul odor
– Handling / riding problems (teeth can affect bit)

8. Rostral hook
www.equinemedcenter.com/.../default.asp?pid=58

9. Equine Dentistry:
What does the vet need?
• Manual floats
• Power float, extension cord, power source
• Sedation – xylazine/dexmeditomidine, butorphanol
• Oral speculum
• Head stand
• Bucket
• Large oral dosing syringe
• Chlorhexidine
• Dental elevators (tooth removal)

10. Dental Floats
Photo source: http://www.wunderground.com/blog/DataPilot/comment.html?entrynum=9 ;
http://www.equinebladesdirect.com/product.aspx?newproduct=true

11. Name the veterinary device
Photo source: http://www.equinespecialties.net/speculum/capps-full-mouth-speculum/

12. Health Concerns
Legs and Bellies (Orthopedic & GI)
• Colic
• Injuries/ Lacerations
• Lameness
– http://www.equipodiatry.com/podiatry.html
Teeth and Eyes
• Dentistry
• Ocular infection or injury

13. Gaits
• Four natural gaits:
Walk - 4 beat Trot – 2 beat
Canter – 3 beat Gallop – 4 beat
Complete Book of the Horse p32

15. Recommended foot care
• Adult hoof growth = ~3/8” (9mm) per month
• Hooves need trimming every 6-8 weeks
• Critical to have competent, honest farrier
• If laminitis, poor conformation, may need
therapeutic shoes

16. Lameness
• Front end lameness
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2d_3087d0b8&featur
e=related
• Hind end lameness
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsFdBTGdPyw&featu
re=related

17. Lameness:
What does the vet need?
• History, physical exam
• Hoof testers
• Hoof pick
• Hoof knife(s)
• Hoof nippers
• Location to trot horse & assistant

18. Lameness:
What does the vet need?
• Portable x-ray machine & plates, distance
cassette holder, block(s), lead apron & gloves,
metal wire & tape
• Bupivicaine
• 3ml syringes, 25g needles
• Sterile gloves, scrub
• Bandaging material
Wikipedia image

19. Lameness:
What does the vet need?
•Phenylbutazone “bute”
•Flunixin (Banamine)
•Penicillin / antibiotic

20. Hoof testers
Photo source: valleyvet.com

21. Hoof knife
Photo source: http://www.equinenow.com/store-item-26203

22. Hoof pick
Photo source: http://www.moonrakerqh.com/tack/grooming.html

23. Hoof nippers
Photo source: valleyvet.com

24. Portable radiograph machine
Vetxray.com
Xrayprocessing.com

25. Portable radiograph machine
Equinepodiatry.com, dragonflyequine.com

26. Injury / Laceration:
What does the vet need?
www.oceanstateequine.com/equineemergencies.html
• Sedation
• Lidocaine 2%
• Syringes/needles
• Bucket
• Scrub and solution – chlorhexidine /
betadine
• Gauze
• Warm water

27. Injury / Laceration:
What does the vet need?
www.oceanstateequine.com/equineemergencies.html
• Needle drivers
• Needles – reverse cutting, sharp!
• Metzenbaum scissors
• Suture, often on a reel, a couple sizes is nice
• Penicillin
• Tetanus Vx
• Tetanus antitoxin
• SMZ-TMP
• Banamine
• Phenylbutazone

28. Colic
• Rolling, happy
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U78KnKiBo-4&NR=1
Abdominal pain / discomfort
• Rolling, colic
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNtE3vIvics&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqlBRbK8K9k&feature=related

29. Colic:
What does the vet need?
• History, physical exam
• Stethoscope
• Rectal thermometer
• Stomach tube
• Drench pump
• Bucket
• Warm water
• OB sleeve, lube

30. Colic:
What does the vet need?
• Mineral Oil – 1-2 gal
• Magnesium sulfate (magnalax)
• Psyllium
• Teat cannula or 18g x 1.5” needle
• Lavender Top Tube (w/ EDTA)
• Red Top Tube (no additives)
• 14g x 5.5” IV catheter
• IV fluid administration set
• IV fluids (5L bags)

31. Colic:
What does the vet need?
• Banamine
• Buscopan
• Xylazine 100mg/ml
• Butorphanol
• Acepromazine

32. Contagious / Infectious Equine Dz
• Streptococcus equi equi
• Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
• Equine Herpes Virus
• Vesicular Stomatitis (VS) – regulatory dz

33. Infectious Disease / Outbreak:
What does the vet need?
• Boots
• Boot brush
• Coveralls or Tyvek suit
• Bag for dirty laundry
• Disinfectant for shoes and hands
• History, physical exam
• Stethoscope
• Rectal thermometer

34. Health Certificate (CVI)
Certificate of Veterinary Inspection

36. Health Certificate:
What does the vet need?
• Adequate time before shipment/transport!
• Physical Examination with DVM
• Coggins / EIA test
– Coggins form filled out
– Syringe(3ml or 6ml), needle (20g x 1”)
– Red Top Tube (serum)
• Health Certificate
– FILL IN AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE IN ADVANCE

46. Western Equine Encephalitis
• Also Eastern, Venezuelan (WEE, EEE, VEE)
www.lawestvector.org/WEE.htm

47. West Nile Virus
www.uwyo.edu/ces/entomology/mosquitoes.htm
Culex mosquito

48. Tetanus
http://cs.thehorse.com/blogs/working-with-morocco-
horses/default.aspx?PageIndex=3
http://www.equestrianoutreach.com/Equestrian-Outreach-Disease-
Illnesses-Equine-Tetanus-(Lock-Jaw)-Page.html
http://anaerobicinfections.blogspot.com/p/anaerobes-have-been-involved-
in.html

58. Rabies
http://equinevetblog.blogspot.com/2010/03/rabies.html
Horse with rabies. Image Credit: http://www.horsecity.com/images/111003/

60. EHV
http://www1.vetmed.lsu.edu/SVM/AboutSVM/News/2011/May/item29954.html
http://www.ca.uky.edu/gluck/biblioehv1.asp

66. Strep. equi, „Strangles‟
www.horsetrust.org.uk/.../
www.equidblog.com/.../strangles/

68. Recommended Vaccinations
http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/ceh/currenthealth.cfm
• Rabies
• 3-way (EWT) – EEE, WEE, Tetanus +/- VEE
• WNV (West Nile Virus)
Depending on risk:
• S.equi, Influenza
Pregnant mares:
• EHV – vaccinate at 5, 7, & 9 months of gestation

69. Wellness Clinic:
What does the vet need?
• Vaccinations
– Rabies
– 3way (EWT)
– WNV
– Syringes (3ml), Needles (20g x 1”)
• Dewormer
– Ivermectin (Eqvalan w/ oral dosing syringe)

70. Wellness Clinic:
What does the vet need?
• Sheath cleaning
– Handler to hold horse
– Handheld container for warm water
– Gauze or paper towels to clean
– Sheath cleaner or dilute chlorhexidine +/- vegetable oil
– +/- stocks
– +/- sedation
• Nasolacrimal duct flushing
– Saline
– Nasal catheter, syringe or curve-tip syringe

71. Center for Equine Health – UCD
http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/ceh/
CDFA
http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/ahfss/Animal_Health/Horses_Equine_Health.html
Equine Nutrition
http://www.summit-equine.com/Resources.html

72. Equine Terminology
http://www.equipodiatry.com/glossary.html
AAEP glossary
http://www.aaep.org/glossary_terms.htm