1. Panteio University of Political and Social
Sciences
Department of Communication, Media and Culture
Advertising and Public Relations Lab
Crisis Management Workshop
Instructor: Mania Xenou, CEO Reliant
Communications
Head of Advertising & PR Lab, Assistant Professor
Betty Tsakarestou (@tsakarestou)

2. Political Geography
&
Emerging Economy

3. Border complex: how
people, money, power, religion, culture, technolog
y interract to change the map of the world

4. Power Shift: From West to East

5. Globalization Chinese Style

6. Middle East: Iraq & Kurdistan
These are pipeline routes which
emerge from Kourdistan , which is
an oil-rich region. If the Kurds can
control the pipelines, they can set
the terms of their own statehood.
Kurdistan is landlocked. It has no choise but to behave. In order
to profit from its oil it has to export in through Turkey or
Syria, and other countries and Iraq itself, and therefore it has to
have amicable relations with them.

8. Investitions in
infrastructure
Perenial conflict in region: Palestine.
Infrastucture: Donors are spending billions of dollars on this-
commuter railroads and other infrastructure that link the Bank and
Gaza.
If Gaza had a functional port and be linked to the West Bank, you
can have a viable Palestinian State economy.

9. Hajaz
railway

10. The Stan Countries
These countries’borders originate from Stalin’s decrees
.He purposely did not want these countries to make
sense. He want ethnicities to mingle in ways that would
allow him to divide and rule.

11. The possible
scenario for oil
pipelines
For these countries having
these pipelines is the
golden ticket to the global
economy.

12. Baku- Tbilisi- Ceyhan pipeline

13. Turkmenistan now its contributing gas across
the Caspian sea to provide for Europe, and
even a potential Turkman- Afgan- Pakistan-
India pipeline as well.

14. Kazahstan.Emerging political
player. It has shrewly desighned
pipelines to flow across the
Caspian, north through Russia and
even to China.

15. Europe: the most powerful trade
block in the entire world

16. The Arab Spring is a
revolutionary wave of
demonstrations, protests and
civil wars in the Arab World
that began on 18 December
2010.
Most of the countries that
suffer from the bloody
uprisings for the past two
years are oil producing
countries and some of them
are the main gas suppliers for
Europe.
If the Arab Spring extend to
Saudi Arabia the consequences
for the stability of the
worldwide oil market will be
dramatic.

17. Regarding the current
developments in Egypt, the
importance for the oil and
gas markets lies upon its
value as a transit country.
Egypt, despite its serious
political problems, provides
a stable administrative and
organizational framework on
which the foreign oil
companies feel safe to invest.
Libya doubts the sovereign
rights of Greece on the
hydrocarbon exploration in
the Aegean.

18. Unlike Turkey, that during the 3 years of the Cold War conflict with Israel came
close to and stayed in touch with almost all of the countries that suffered from
the Arab Spring, Greece did absolutely nothing. As a result, the country lost two
allies, Egypt and Libya.

19. Greece – Turkey Conflict
• Delimitation of the continental shelf in the
Aegean Sea between Greece and Turkey.
• Remains an unsolved problem that leads to
non-operation of the Greek EEZ(exclusive
economic zone) and the natural wealth that is
believed to exist.

21. Italy - Greece
Cordially Bilateral Relations -> second trade partner of
Greece
Between Greece and Italy have been signed the following
agreements:
 Treaty of Commerce, Shipping and Friendship (San Remo
1949/FEK A 306)
 Agreement on the avoidance of double taxation on
inheritances (1964)
 Agreement on gains of shipping companies (1967, revised in
1991
 Agreement on Scientific and Technological Cooperation (1983)
 Agreement on Avoidance of Double Taxation of Income and
Capital (1987)
 Agreement between Greece and Italy to support the
construction of the gas pipeline. Ratified by Law 3441/2006
and published in the Government Gazette 39 Issue A of
27.2.2006.

22. The most recent evidence of «friendly relations»:
WWII Compensations (from Germany to Italy).In
the Supreme Court of Hague Greece supported
Italy.

23. Redesigned the energy road
map of Israel
Inside the Jewish state is in progress the planning of the
country ‘s future "energy road map".
It examines the most beneficial ways of exploiting the gas
fields already discovered, or intended be identified
shortly.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Energy of Israel shall
examine the economic benefits and strategic security of
possible alternative partnerships in mining and
transportation of gas that will take place towards
Europe through the Mediterranean and towards Asia
through the Red Sea.
.

24. Israel calls for a ultimatum against Iran
before it takes a military action
Israeli Minister of Strategic Affairs, Yuval Stainitz
requested on April 7 the great powers to persuade Iran to
stop its uranium enrichment program, after completing
the negotiations without any progress.
Stainitz: «I believe that what is happening now in Korea
shows us how urgent it is to stop the nuclear activities of
Iran».
«Imagine what will happen in two or three years, not
only in Israel but also in Europe and America if the
fanatical and extremist regime in Tehran acquire nuclear
weapons», concluded the Israeli minister.

25. Israel Apology to Turkey
The formal apology to
Turkey is not a strategic shift
in Israel's relationship on up
to now attitude towards
Ankara, but in essence, is a
tactical move of Netanyahu
to restore his relationship
with to Obama, because of
the coldness between those
two,caused by the support of
the first to Mitt
Romney, Obama’s concurrent
in the last U.S. presidential
election.

26. Cyprus
• Cyprus has proceeded ​​in energy cooperation with
Israel and were signed the relative agreements
between the two sides, also it has been delineated the
EEZ based on the Law of the Sea of ​​1982.
• Some deposits are common for the two neighboring
countries, most Israeli analysts approach their use as a
common endeavor.
• Ankara "stresses" the standstill of the Cyprus issue.
• Under discussion the establishment of a gas
liquefaction terminal in Cyprus and possibly an
undersea pipeline from Israel to Cyprus and thence to
Greece

27. Greece
• Strive for energy cooperation with
Israel, negotiations between Samara and
his Israeli homologue.
• Turkey requires a joint exploitation of
Aegean together with Greece. Their
request is illegal on the basis of the 1982
Convention on the Law of the Sea.

28. Kostas Loukopoulou: «To face the big
challenge with the EEZ the country needs:
* Intense diplomatic and systematic preparation.
* Building alliances based on shared interests.
* Integrated legal and technical support.
* Create a solid domestic political front.
* Establish a national energy strategy.
* Communication design for governments and organizations both
outside and inside.
* Further strengthening of the Armed Forces and special design for
safeguarding rights which stem from the EEZ.

29. Definition of Emerging
Market Economy
• Emerging Markets are
nations with social or
business activity in the
process of rapid growth and
industrialization.
Investments in emerging
markets come with much
greater risk due to political
instability, domestic
infrastructure
problems, currency volatility
and limited equity
opportunities .

30. Brazil
Brazil is the largest national economy in Latin America, the world's seventh largest economy at
market exchange rates with GDP: US$ 2.425 trillion -> Brazil is one of the fastest-growing major
economies in the world with an average annual GDP growth rate of over 5 percent. The Brazilian
economy has been predicted to become one of the five largest in the world in the decades to come!
Brazil has a labor force of over a 107 million (ranking 6th worldwide) and unemployment of 6.2%
(ranking 64th worldwide).
Agriculture and food production
Main products: Coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus, beef
Agriculture growth rate: 9.2% (2011)
Labor force: 15% of total labor force
GDP of sector: 3.5% of total GDP
Industry
Main industries: Automobile industry, petrochemicals, machinery, electronics, cement and
construction, aircraft, textiles, food and beverages, mining, consumer durables, tourism
Industrial growth rate: 8.8% (2011)
Labor force: 21% of total labor force
GDP of sector: 29.7% of total GDP
Energy
Brazil is one of the world's leading producers of hydroelectric power, with a current capacity of
about 260,000 megawatts. Existing hydroelectric power provides 90 percent of the nation's
electricity.

31. Russia
Russia has a market economy with enormous natural resources, particularly oil and natural
gas. It has the 10th largest economy in the world by nominal GDP: US$1.953 trillion.
Oil, natural gas, metals, and timber account for more than 80% of Russian exports abroad.
In December 2011, Russia finally joined World Trade Organisation, allowing it a greater access
to overseas markets. Some analysts estimate that WTO membership could bring the Russian
economy a bounce of up to 3 per cent annually.
Agriculture
The total area of cultivated land in Russia is the fourth largest in the world. In 1999–
2009, Russia's agriculture demonstrated steady growth, and the country turned from a grain
importer to the third largest grain exporter after EU and USA. The production of meat has
grown from 6,813,000 tones in 1999 to 9,331,000 tones in 2009, and continues to grow.
Energy
In recent years, Russia has frequently been described in the media as an energy superpower.
The country has the world's largest natural gas reserves, the 8th largest oil reserves(around 30
percent of Russia's GDP), and the second largest coal reserves. Russia is the world's leading
natural gas exporter and second largest natural gas producer, while also the largest oil exporter
and the largest oil producer.
Russia is the 3rd largest electricity producer in the world and the 5th largest renewable energy
producer.
Russia was the first country to develop civilian nuclear power and to construct the world's first
nuclear power plant. Currently the country is the 4th largest nuclear energy producer.

32. India
India is ranked as one of the fastest growing economies in the world and has vast resources and
potential.The average annual GDP reached 6.1% during 2011–12
India's recent economic model is largely capitalist.
487.6-million Indian workers consists an important and strong labour force, which is the world’s
second largest.The service sector makes up 55.6% of GDP, the industrial sector 26.3% and
the agricultural sector 18.1%.
Major agricultural products include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, and
potatoes. Major industries include
textiles, telecommunications, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, food
processing, steel, transport equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, and software
among others.
Major (and most significant) exports include petroleum products, textile
goods, jewellery, software, engineering goods, chemicals, and leather manufacture. On the other
hand, imports include crude oil, machinery, gems, fertiliser, and chemicals.
Other important sectors worth mentioning: telecommunication industry, automotive
industry, pharmaceutical industry.
Indian middle class expands and the economy is benefited through entrepreneurship and
consumption. Nearly 800 millions Indians under 35 will play an important role to the country’s
economic future. Although the economic growth during recent decades was impressive, India
faces harsh socio-economic challenges due to the fact that the country contains the largest

33. China
• GDP: US$8.250 trillion -> The world's second-largest economy
and the fastest-growing major economy in the world.
• According to the IMF, China's annual average GDP growth
between 2001 and 2010 was 10.5%, and the Chinese
economy is predicted to grow at an average annual rate of
9.5% between 2011 and 2015.
• Between 2007 and 2011, China's economic growth rate was
equivalent to all of the G7 countries' growth combined.
• Its high productivity, low labor costs and relatively good
infrastructure have made it a global leader in manufacturing.
• Foreign trade was focused upon as the major vehicle of
growth. -> China is a member of the WTO(World Trade
Organization) and is the world's largest trading power, with a
total international trade value of US$3.87 trillion in 2012.
• *Its foreign exchange reserves reached US$2.85 trillion by the
end of 2010, an increase of 18.7% over the previous
year, making its reserves by far the world's largest.

34. South Africa
The economy of South Africa is the largest in Africa.
Mining has been the basic ingredient behind the
success and development of South Africa’s economy. It
is one of the world’s leading mining and mineral-
processing countries.
Mining's contribution to the national GDP represents
almost 60% of exports.
The agricultural exports of South Africa include: edible
fruit and nuts, beverages, preserved
food, tobacco, cereals among others.
Other key economic sectors including: manufacturing
products , fishery, vehicle manufacturing (production
plants), clothing and
textiles, telecommunication, energy, financial and
business services, real estate, tourism (famous tourist
destination), transportation, and wholesale.

35. Sources:
• http://www.ted.com/talks/parag_khanna_maps_the_futu
re_of_countries.html
• http://geopoliticsgr.blogspot.gr/search/label/%CE%99%C
F%83%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AE%CE%BB
• http://geopoliticsgr.blogspot.gr/search/label/%CE%9A%
CF%8D%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82
• http://geopoliticsgr.blogspot.gr/search/label/%CE%95%C
E%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_development_in
_India
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_South_Africa
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Brazil
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Russia
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_People%2
7s_Republic_of_China