Stormwater management ppt

1. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
Group members:
Chuang Jing 0322934
Gan Xiao Ying 0322998
Koh Wen Qi 0323355
Yeo Dor Een 0316224
Chen Shin Yee 0322650
Siong Jia Yii 0318239

2. STORMWATER IS RAINWATER AND MELTED SNOW THAT
RUNS OFF STREETS, LAWNS AND OTHER SITES. WHEN
STORMWATER IS ABSORBED INTO THE GROUND, IT IS
FILTERED AND ULTIMATELY REPLENISHES AQUIFERS OR
FLOWS INTO STREAMS AND RIVERS.

3. EFFECTS OF POOR STORMWATER
MANAGEMENT
• DOWNSTREAM FLOODING
• STREAM BANK EROSION
• INCREASED TURBIDITY FROM EROSION
• HABITAT DESTRUCTION
• COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS
• INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE
• CONTAMINATED STREAMS, RIVERS, AND COASTAL WATER

4. STORMWATER IS ACTUALLY CONCERN FOR TWO
MAIN ISSUES:
a) RELATED TO THE VOLUME AND TIMING OF RUNOFF WATER (FLOOD CONTROL
AND WATER SUPPLIES)
b) RELATED TO POTENTIAL CONTAMINANTS THAT THE WATER IS CARRYING, I.E.
WATER POLLUTION.

5. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

6. ADVANTAGES
PROVIDES PROPER DRAINAGE OF SURFACE RUN-OFF AND AVOIDS
DAMAGES ON INFRASTRUCTURE SUCH AS PRIVATE PROPERTIES
AND STREETS.
PROVIDES POSSIBILITY TO RECHARGE GROUNDWATER AND RE-USE
PRECIPITATION WATER AND SURFACE RUN-OFF AS IRRIGATION OR
HOUSEHOLD WATER.
MINIMIZING HEALTH RISKS.

7.  PROVIDES EFFECTIVE STORMWATER FLOOD CONTROL.
 CAN BE INTEGRATED INTO THE URBAN LANDSCAPE AND PROVIDE
GREEN AND RECREATIONAL AREAS.
 REVENUE GENERATED BY A STORMWATER UTILITY CAN BE USED AS
A NEW, DEDICATED SOURCE OF FUNDS TO SUPPLEMENT OR
REPLACE THE COMMUNITY'S CURRENT STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
FUNDING, ENABLING TAX-BASED FUNDING TO BE USED FOR OTHER
COMMUNITY NEEDS.

8. DISADVANTAGES
EXPERT PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION, OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE REQUIRED FOR A STORMWATER MANAGEMENT.
IT DEPENDS ON THE TECHNIQUE, A LOT OF OPERATION AND
LABOUR REQUIRED.
THERE IS RISK OF CLOGGING INFILTRATION SYSTEM CAUSED BY
HIGH SEDIMENTATION RATES.
TEMPORARY COVERING METHODS, SUCH AS PLASTIC SHEETING,
CAN BECOME TORN OR RIPPED, EXPOSING THE CONTAMINANT TO
PRECIPITATION AND/OR STORM WATER RUNOFF.

9. EXAMPLES OF SUSTAINABLE STORM
WATER MANAGEMENT
1. INCORPORATES BOTH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND ENGINEERED SYSTEMS
2. PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICE TO REDUCE RUNOFF,
IMPROVE WATER QUALITY AND ENCOURAGE INFILTRATION.
3. GREEN ROOFS / RAIN GARDENS / POROUS PAVEMENT
4. GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE – AT THE SCALE OF A NEIGHBORHOOD OR
SITE, GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE REFERS TO STORM WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS THAT
MIMIC NATURE BY SOAKING UP AND STORING WATER.

10. RAIN GARDENS
1. CONSTRUCTED DEPRESSION
2. MANAGE AND TREAT SMALL VOLUMES OF STORM WATER BY FILTERING RUNOFF THROUGH SOIL
AND VEGETATION
3. HOLDS THE WATER FOR A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME AND ALLOWS IT TO NATURALLY INFILTRATE
INTO THE GROUND

13. BIORETENTION AREAS
1. CONSTRUCTED DEPRESSION
2. LARGER THAN RAIN GARDENS AND DESIGNED WITH AN UNDERDRAIN TO CONNECT TO THE
STORM DRAIN SYSTEM.

16. VEGETATED SWALES
1. A NATURAL DRAINAGE PATHS OR VEGETATED CHANNELS
2. TRANSPORT WATER INSTEAD OF UNDERGROUND STORM SEWERS OR CONCRETE OPEN CHANNELS
TO CONVEY STORMWATER RUNOFF.

20. GREEN ROOFS
1. A SYSTEM OF ROOFING
2. THAT USES PLANT LIFE FOR ROOF COVERING INSTEAD OF TRADITIONAL COVERING MATERIALS
3. LAYERS OF SOIL AND VEGETATION INSTALLED ON ROOFTOPS THAT CAPTURE RUNOFF
4. I. PROVIDE AN EXCELLENT INSULATION TO THE BUILDING
II. REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION SIGNIFICANTLY
III. ACT AS A NATURAL FILTER FOR RAINWATER
IV. ALLOWS EVAPORATION TO REDUCE THE VOLUME AND DISCHARGE RATE OF STORM WATER

24. POROUS PAVEMENT
1. A PERMEABLE PAVEMENT SURFACE WITH A STONE RESERVOIR UNDERNEATH
2. THE PAVEMENTS ALLOW STORM WATER TO INFILTRATE DIRECTLY INTO THE SOIL
3. OFTEN APPEARS THE SAME AS TRADITIONAL ASPHALT OR CONCRETE BUT IS MANUFACTURED
WITH INCORPORATES VOID SPACES THAT ALLOW FOR INFILTRATION.

27. POROUS PAVEMENT

28. STREAM BUFFER RESTORATION
1. NATIVE TREES AND BUSHES PLANTED ALONG THE STREAM OR DITCH
2. STRIPS OF TREES AND OTHER VEGETATION BUFFER HELPS IMPROVE WATER QUALITY AND
MAXIMIZED STREAM DAMAGE
3. BY FILTERING AND SLOWING POLLUTED RUNOFF

32. INSTALLATION PROCESS

33. INSTALLATION PROCESS OF RAIN
GARDEN1. TO LOCK DOWN LOCATION OF UTILITIES PRIOR TO DIGGING.
2. TO LAY OUT SHAPE OF RAIN GARDEN WITH EQUIPMENT.
3. KILL OR REMOVE EXISTING TURF.
4. COMPOST AND SAND HAVE TO BE MIXED INTO STOCKPILE TOPSOIL.
5. EXCAVATE SUBSOIL AND USE IT TO CREATE A COMPACTED BERM.
6. WORK FROM THE SIDE OF THE RAIN GARDEN TO PREVENT COMPACTION OF SOIL IN THE RAIN
GARDEN.
7. THOROUGHLY MIX AND ADD 50% WASHED SAND, 30% COMPOST, 20% TOPSOIL.
8. MAKE SURE THE RAIN GARDEN IS LEVEL AND THE PROPER DEPTH.
9. PUT DOWN A 2-3 INCH LAYER OF SHREDDED HARDWOOD MULCH.
10. BEGIN PLANTING.
11. BY ADDING FLAGSTONE, ROCKS, OR OTHER PROTECTIVE PRODUCTS IS ONE OF THE WAYS TO
PROTECT AGAINST EROSION WHERE WATER ENTERS THE RAIN GARDEN.
12. HAVE A DESIGNATE AND ARMORED OUTLET FOR FLOWS FROM HEAVY RAINS THAT EXCEED THE
DESIGN CAPACITY.

34. INSTALLATION PROCESS OF VEGETATED
SWALES
1. ROUGH GRADE THE VEGETATED SWALE.
2. CONSTRUCT CHECK DAMS, IF REQUIRED.
3. FINE GRADE THE VEGETATED SWALE.
4. PRIOR TO ESTABLISHMENT OF VEGETATION, A SWALE IS SPECIFICALLY VULNERABLE TO SCOUR
AND EROSION AND THEREFORE ITS SEED BED MUST BE PROTECTED WITH TEMPORARY EROSION
CONTROL.
5. IF ALL TRIBUTARY AREAS ARE ENOUGH STABILIZED, REMOVE TEMPORARY EROSION AND
SEDIMENT CONTROLS.

35. INSTALLATION PROCESS OF GREEN
ROOF1. INSTALL A MONOLITHIC TYPE WATERPROOF MEMBRANE SUCH AS RUBBER AND PLASTIC ON TOP
OF THE ROOF DECKING.
2. PLACE A 6MM SHEET OF PLASTIC ON THE WATERPROOF MEMBRANE AND THE WATERPROOF
MEMBRANE WILL SERVE AS A ROOT BARRIER.
3. TOP THE FIRST TWO LAYERS WITH ONE OR MORE THIN SHEETS OF THREE-QUARTER-INCH FOAM
INSULATION SUITED FOR CONTACT WITH DAMP SOIL.
4. SET A DRAINAGE MAT WHICH ALSO CALLED AS A DIMPLE MAT WITH CAPILLARY SPACES ON TOP
OF THE INSULATION.
5. FRAME THE SIDES FOR THE ROOF WITH MESH GUTTER GUARDS, WOOD OR OTHER EDGING THAT
WILL PERMIT DRAINAGE TO HOLD SOIL IN PLACE.
6. ADD SOIL.
7. SET PLANTS IN PLACE.
8. WATER TO SETTLE SOIL AROUND PLANTS.

36. CASE STUDY
SMART TUNNEL

37. • “STORMWATER MANAGEMENT AND ROAD TUNNEL” = “SMART TUNNEL”
• A STORM DRAINAGE AND ROAD STRUCTURE IN KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA.
• THE PROJECT IS IMPLEMENTED THROUGH A JOINT VENTURE PACT合资协议 BETWEEN
MMC CORP BERHAD AND GAMUDA BERHAD.
• THE 9.7KM (6.0MI) TUNNEL IS THE LONGEST STORMWATER TUNNEL IN SOUTH EAST
ASIA AND SECOND LONGEST IN ASIA.
• CONSTRUCTION COST : RM1887 MILLION
• TWO MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THIS TUNNEL :
• STORMWATER TUNNEL
• MOTORWAY TUNNEL

38. • NORTH END
• SULTAN ISMAIL- KAMPUNG PANDAN LINK
• KUALA LUMPUR MIDDLE RING ROAD 1 (JALAN TUN RAZAK)
• KUALA LUMPUR-SEREMBAN EXPRESSWAY
• EAST-WEST LINK EXPRESSWAY
• SOUTH END
• SMART TUNNEL TOLL PLAZA NEAR SUNGAI BESI AIRPORT
• OBJECTIVE
• SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF FLASH FLOODS IN THE CITY CENTRE OF KUALA LUMPUR
• BY DIVERT LARGE VOLUMES OF FLOOD WATER VIA A HOLDING POND, BYPASS
TUNNEL AND STORAGE RESERVOIR.
• REDUCE TRAFFIC CONGESTION AT THE SOUTHERN GATEWAY
• THE MOTORWAY TUNNEL PROVIDE AN ALTERNATIVE ROUTE FOR MOTORISTS FROM
THE SOUTHERN GATEWAY, I.E. KL-SEREMBAN HIGHWAY, FEDERAL HIGHWAY,
BESRAYA AND EAST-WEST LINK ENTERING AND EXITING THE CITY CENTRE.

39. ADDITIONAL FEATURES OF SMART
TUNNEL
• ALAM FLORA ROAD SWEEPER
• SCADA MONITORING & SURVEILLANCE
• RADIO RE-BROADCASTING SERVICES
• AUTOMATED FLOOD CONTROL GATES
• FIRST RESPONDER VEHICLE (FRV)
• VENTILATION/ESCAPE SHAFTS
• MEDICAL RESPONSE VEHICLE (MRV)
• CROSS PASSAGE
• AIR QUALITY MONITORING EQUIPMENT (AQME)
• OTHER EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT

40. ALAM FLORA ROAD SWEEPER
• HAS A WATER TANK AND WOULD BE ABLE TO CARRY
AROUND 1000 LITRES PER SESSION
• HANDLING OPERATIONS FOR THE CLEANLINESS IN SMART
TUNNEL DURING MINIMUM DISRUPTION TO TRAFFIC FLOW,
MEANS AT NIGHT
• THE DIMENSION OF THE MAIN BROOM IS 1500MM IN
LENGTH AND 400MM IN DIAMETER WHILE THE GUTTER
BROOM MEASURES AROUND 500MM IN DIAMETER
• THE ROAD SWEEPER HAS A HOPPER CAPACITY OF +/-
5.0CU.M AND A VACUUM TYPE “TRUE FLOW” AIR SYSTEM
USING A FAN BLOWER OUTPUT OF +/- 450M3 PER MINUTE.

41. SCADA MONITORING & SURVEILLANCE
• STATE-OF-THE-ART
• 24-HOUR AT ITS HIGHWAY
• BARCO WALL IS ABLE TO SHOW 70 CCTV SCREEN AT ONE TIME
• AUTOMATIC DETECTION SYSTEMS USE VIDEO IMAGES AND LASER BEAMS PROCESSING TO DETECT
UNUSUAL EVENTS
• MORE THAN 212 UNITS OF CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION IN THE SMART TUNNEL

42. RADIO RE-BROADCASTING SERVICES
• ABLE TO RECEIVE THE RADIO CHANNEL, PHONE CALL OR OTHER COMMUNICATION RECEPTION
WITHOUT ANY INTERFERENCE BECAUSE STATIONS CAN LINK IN RADIO NETWORKS TO BROADCAST
COMMON PROGRAMMING (EITHER IN SYNDICATION OR SIMULCAST OR BOTH), LOCAL WIRE
NETWORKS, INTERNET AND SATELLITE

43. AUTOMATED FLOOD CONTROL
GATES
• 3 AUTOMATED FLOOD CONTROL GATE AT BOTH END OF MOTORWAY
• 2 AUTOMATED FLOOD CONTROL GATE AT BOTH END JUNCTION BOXES
• THE WATER TIGHT GATES ARE OPERATED USING A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
• THESE GATES ARE INSTALLED ON EITHER ENDS OF THE MOTORWAY OR SIMILAR SINGLE FLOOD
CONTROL STEEL GATES ARE INSTALLED AT BOTH ENTRANCES AND EXITS OF THE MOTORWAY
TUNNEL

44. FIRST RESPONDER VEHICLE (FRV)
• CUSTOM-BUILT FIRE ENGINES FOR SMART HIGHWAY
• THE FRVS WERE CUSTOMIZED TO MEET THE SOPHISTICATED DESIGN OF THE SMART TUNNEL SUCH
AS HEIGHT LIMITATIONS, TUNNEL MANOEUVRABILITY, SPECIAL EQUIPMENT HOUSING
• IS POWERED BY AN ENGINE THAT PRODUCES MINIMAL CARBON EMISSION IN ORDER TO ENSURE
SAFETY IN THE TUNNEL IS MAINTAINED THROUGHOUT AN EMERGENCY OPERATION
• UNDER THE SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION AGENCY

45. VENTILATION/ESCAPE SHAFTS
• THESE POWERFUL AIR VENTILATORS WILL CONSTANTLY RENEW THE AIR AND MAINTAIN THE AIR
QUALITY WITHIN THE MOTORWAY
• THE SYSTEM CONSISTS OF A SERIES OF SHAFTS EACH CONTAINING AN EXHAUST AND FRESH AIR
INJECTOR TOO PROTECT THE VENTILATION SYSTEM DURING THE FLOODING
• THE FEATURES ALSO ALLOWS FOR SMOKE CONTROL IN THE EVENT OF A FIRE.

46. MEDICAL RESPONSE VEHICLE (MRV)
• MRV IS A CUSTOM-BUILT AMBULANCE WHICH IS CAPABLE IN GIVING THE FIRST RESPONDER
SERVICES OR FURTHER EMERGENCY TREATMENT FOR SMART HIGHWAY
• THE ADVANTAGES OF THE MRV IS IT CAN TRANSPORT THE EMERGENCY MEDICAL SPECIALIST OR
THE MEDICAL TEAM TO WET, SKIDDED AND LIMITED EYE VISION AND ALSO OFF ROAD SITUATION.

47. CROSS PASSAGE
• CROSS PASSAGE BETWEEN DECKS AT 250M INTERVALS: THE PASSAGE ACTS AS
EMERGENCY EXITS.

48. AIR QUALITY MONITORING EQUIPMENT
(AQME)
• THERE ARE 38 SETS OF AQME MONITORING CARBON MONOXIDE (CO), NITROGEN MONOXIDE (NO)
AND PARTICULATE
• THEY ARE CITED IN THE UPPER AND LOWER DECKS
• THE VENTILATION WILL PROVIDE FOR THE SUPPLY AND EXTRACT OF AIR FOR BOTH THE UPPER AND
LOWER ROAD DECKS
• IT WILL BE OPERATED AUTOMATICALLY BASED ON THE AIR QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM
OUTPUTS.

49. OTHER EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
• EQUIPPED WITH FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT, TELEPHONE AND SURVEILLANCE
AT 1KM INTERVAL. HYDRANT & FIRE EXTINGUISHERS LOCATED EVERY 90M.

50. MODE 1
• WHEN WEATHER IS FAIR WITH LITTLE
OR NO RAIN AND TRAFFIC IS
ALLOWED IN THE TUNNEL.
MODE 2
• ACTIVATED WHEN MODERATE
RAINFALLS AND THE FLOW RATE
RECORDED AT THE CONFLUENCE OF
UPPER KLANG RIVER/AMPANG RIVER
(L4 FLOW STATION) IS 70-150M3/S.
ONLY 50M3/S IS ALLOWED TO FLOW
DOWNSTREAM.
• EXCESS FLOOD WATER WILL BE
DIVERTED TO SMART STORAGES
AND ONLY THE LOWER DRAINS OF
TUNNEL WILL BE USED TO CONVEY
FLOOD FLOW TO THE DESA
ATTENUATION POND.
• ROAD TUNNEL WILL STILL OPENED
TO TRAFFIC.

51. MODE 3
• ACTIVATED WHEN MAJOR STORM
EVENT OCCURS AND FLOOD MODEL
FORECASTS A FLOW RATE OF
150M3/S.
• TRAFFIC WILL BE EVACUATED FROM
THE ROAD TUNNEL. THIS IS
NORMALLY TAKES ABOUT AN HOUR.
ONLY 10M3/S IS ALLOWED TO FLOW
DOWNSTREAM.
• ROAD TUNNEL WILL BE RE-OPENED TO
TRAFFIC WITHIN 2-8 HOURS AFTER
CLOSURE.

52. MODE 4
• ACTIVATED IF HEAVY STORM
PROLONGS, USUALLY WILL BE
CONFIRMED 1-2 HOURS AFTER
MODE 3 IS DECLARED.
• ROAD TUNNEL WILL BE USED
FOR PASSAGE OF FLOOD AFTER
TRAFFIC EVACUATION
COMPLETED. ONLY 10M3/S IS
ALLOWED TO FLOW
DOWNSTREAM.
• ROAD TUNNEL WILL BE RE-
OPENED WITHIN 4 DAYS OF
CLOSURE.

53. PROBLEMS

54. LIMITATION
• SMART TUNNEL CAN ONLY MITIGATE FLOODING IN THE CITY CENTER WHERE IT COVERS.
• SMART TUNNEL CANNOT WORK BY ITSELF. IT NEED TWO COMPONENTS TO COMPLEMENT EACH
OTHER TO CURB FLOODS, EXAMPLE THE PONDS.
• ACCORDING TO NEW SUNDAY TIMES, THE SMART TUNNEL IS DESIGNED TO HANDLE ONLY 45
PERCENT OF FLOODWATERS COMING FROM THE RIVERS.

55. HIGH MAINTENANCE FEES
• ACCORDING TO BIG BOY BIG TOY, 2011 , SMART TUNNEL COMES WITH A HEFTY
MAINTENANCE FEES WHICH COSTING RM20 MILLION PER YEAR.
• SUCH SUM OF MONEY COMES FROM TAX PAYERS.
LOW USAGE
• PEOPLE ARE SAYING THAT GOVERNMENT REFUSES TO OPERATE THE TUNNEL NOW
BECAUSE THE GOVERNMENT WANTS TO COLLECT TOLL THROUGH SMART TRAFFIC
OPERATIONS.

56. TRAFFIC JAM
• WHEN SMART TUNNEL REQUIRES TIMES TO CLEAN UP THUS IT WILL BE CLOSED TO PUBLIC , THIS
WILL CAUSE THE TRAFFIC CONGESTION PROBLEMS REMAINS UNSOLVED.

57. BLIND CORNER
• THE EXIT OF TUNNEL IS CONCEALED BEHIND THE BLIND CORNER HENCE SOME DRIVERS WOULD
POSSIBLY STOP SUDDENLY IN THE MIDDLE OF ROAD BECAUSE THEY HAVE NO IDEA WHICH ROAD TO
EXIT.
• MORE ROAD SIGNS OR NOTIFICATIONS ARE REQUIRED TO INFORM THE DRIVERS WHERE TO EXIT.

58. ROAD CONDITIONS
• MANY OF THE ROAD USERS COMPLAINED ABOUT THE BUMPY ROAD IN THE SMART TUNNEL AS IT
MAY BECOME A MINOR NUISANCE TO ALL THE DRIVERS THAT WOULD CAUSE MINOR DAMAGE TO
CARS AND EVEN RESULT IN A CAR ACCIDENT.
• HOWEVER, ACCORDING TO MOHD NOOR MOHD ALI, THIS SPECIAL ROUGH ROAD SURFACE IS
DESIGNED WITH FEATURES TO REDUCE SPEED.

59. FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS

60. LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT(LID)
METHODS OF LID
• INFILTRATION PRACTICE
• RUNOFF STORAGE PRACTICE

61. INFILTRATION PRACTICES
CONSTRUCTS STRUCTURES OR LANDSCAPES TO INFILTRATE
RUNOFF WATER
FUNCTION OF INFILTRATION
PRACTICES:
• REDUCE THE VOLUME OF DISCHARGED STORMWATER AND INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIRED TO BE
CONDUCT, CURE OR MANAGE RUNOFFS
• LIP DEVELOPMENT OR IMPROVEMENT IN WHICH IT BRINGS LESS OR NO HARM TO THE
ENVIRONMENT WHICH IN THIS CASE
• BASICALLY MEANS DEVELOPMENT TO STORMWATER MANAGEMENT WHICH IS GREEN AND
ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY

62. RUNOFF STORAGE PRACTICES
• EXAMPLES: GREEN ROOF / ECO ROOF
• THE ROOF IS PLANTED WITH PLANTS AS STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PROCESSES INSTEAD OF
USING CONCRETE OR GLASS
• THE PLANTS ARE ABLE TO TRAP RAIN WATER FOR STORAGE TO BE REUSED AND AT THE SAME TIME
IT WATERS PLANTS

63. • RUNOFF PRACTICES CAN BE IMPLEMENTED IN CAR PARKS, STREETS, AND PEDESTRIAN PATHS BY
INSTALLING STORAGE TANKS BELOW THEM.
• IT IS A DIRECT DISCHARGE FROM THE SURFACE TO BE STORED TEMPORARILY IN UNDERGROUND
STORAGE TANKS IN ORDER TO CONTROL THE FLOW OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE.

64. POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF
LID
• RECHARGE OF GROUNDWATER
• IMPROVEMENT OF WATER QUALITY
• PROTECTION OF DOWNSTREAM RESOURCES
• IMPROVEMENT OF HABITAT
• IMPROVES AESTHETICS IN STREAMS AND RIVERS
• ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION
• CONSERVATION OF WATER AND ENERGY
• REDUCED DOWNSTREAM FLOODING AND EROSION

65. THANK YOU!