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Semelhante a Tackling the multiple and complex needs of short sentenced prisoners
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Tackling the multiple and complex needs of short sentenced prisoners
- 1. Stopping the revolving door for short sentenced prisoners Blenheim CDP seminar 22 April 2013 Dominic Williamson - chief executive Revolving Doors Agency
- 2. Outline • About Revolving Doors Agency • Policy context • Why focus on short sentenced prisoners? • Multiple and complex needs • What works? Services and systems • Discussion
- 3. What Revolving Doors is for Our mission is to change systems and improve services for people with multiple and complex needs who are in contact with the criminal justice system. We demonstrate and share evidence of effective interventions and promote reform of public services through partnerships with national and local political leaders, policy makers, commissioners and other experts and by involving people with direct experience of the problem in all our work.
- 4. What Revolving Doors does: Development & partnerships Policy and communications Service user involvement
- 5. Policy context Coalition Agreement 2010 • “We will introduce a ‘rehabilitation revolution’ that will pay independent providers to reduce reoffending, paid for by the savings this new approach will generate within the criminal justice system” • Deficit reduction – MoJ 23% cut in this spending round • Cuts to council budgets • Localism • Reform and structural change across health, policing, etc • Focus on integration – Health & wellbeing boards, JSNAs, directors of public health, Police & Crime Commissioners (MOPAC in London) • NHS mandate and public health outcomes framework • IOM and liaison and diversion • Community budgets, PbR and Social Impact Bonds • Cost of re-offending – £9.5 – £11 Billion per year
- 6. Policy context David Cameron, prime minister, October 2012: – “Today rehabilitation just goes to those who have been inside for a year or more. But that misses all those who go in for short sentences yet reoffend time and time again. So I want to look at making them part of the rehabilitation revolution too.” Chris Grayling, justice secretary, January 2013: – “Offenders often lead chaotic lives: Broken homes, drug and alcohol misuse, generational worklessness, abusive relationships, childhoods spent in care, mental illness, and educational failure are all elements so very common in the backgrounds of so many of our offenders. And right now, we are failing to turn their lives around. In fact, those released from short-term sentences, who have the highest reoffending rates get no support on release at all.”
- 7. Short sentenced prisoners are majority of those entering and leaving prison each year 6% 3% 64% 19% 8% Prison population 31 Dec 2012 (excl remand) Short sentenced - less than 6 months Short sentenced - 6 - 12 months 4 years or more (excluding indeterminate sentences) 48% 10% 40% 1% 1% Prison receptions in year to Oct 2012 (excl remand) Short sentenced - less than 6 months Short sentenced - 6 - 12 months 4 years or more (excluding indeterminate sentences) SSPs make up 9% of prison population but 58% of receptions into prison
- 8. Re-offending rates are highest for SSPs 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% All offendersAll finishing prison sentenceDomestic burglaryReoffending by drug misusersShort sentenced prisoners Proven one year re-offending rate Proven one year re-offending rate
- 9. Trends in re-offending by sentence length
- 10. What’s going on?
- 11. In 2011 we reviewed the evidence of the needs of short sentenced prisoners • Three-pronged approach: – Literature review; Interviews with key stakeholders – Focus group • Large-scale prison surveys: – e.g. Stewart (2008); Niven & Stewart (2005) • Data from resettlement projects: – e.g. Resettlement Pathfinders (Lewis et al, 2003); West Mercia Connect Programme (Leary & Thomas, 2007) • Other research on short-term prisoners: – e.g. Brooker et al, (2009); Maguire et al (2000) • Wider research on the needs of all prisoners.
- 12. This concluded that SSPs have multiple needs Prisoners surveyed for the SPCR had an average of three needs, while clients of the pathfinders averaged six problems, four significant (Stewart, 2008; Lewis et al, 2003). • Practical – housing, debt etc • Family, relationships and social networks • Health and disability • Substance abuse • Underlying emotional problems and poor mental health resulting from history of being in care as a child, abuse, neglect, violence, bereavement, isolation and self harm • Behavioural and attitudinal problems, including anger management, hopelessness, institutionalisation, impulsivity.
- 13. Structural / environment Community Opportunities Quality services Public attitudes Media Multiple needs: understand the dynamic Self : Mind Resilience Cognitive ability Thoughts / emotion Perceptions /beliefs Childhood Contribution Involvement Learning Work Basic needs Housing Money Safety Health Mental Physical Treatment Social Family Love Friends Group identity
- 14. Multiple needs: negative dynamic Structural / environment Poverty Unemployment Quality of services Discrimination Stigma Negative media Self – Mind Mental / physical pain Negative self image Poor cognitive / social ability Complex trauma Contribution Exclusion Unemployment Crime - prison Basic needs Rent arrears Eviction Homelessness Rough sleeping Poverty Health Common MH problems Poor physical health No contact with GP Social Family breakdown Isolation Negative peer groups No trusted relationship Outsider identity
- 15. Multiple needs: negative dynamic Structural / environment Poverty Unemployment Quality of services Discrimination Stigma Negative media Self – Mind Mental / physical pain Negative self image Poor cognitive / social ability Complex trauma Contribution Exclusion Unemployment Crime - prison Basic needs Rent arrears Eviction Homelessness Rough sleeping Poverty Health Common MH problems Poor physical health No contact with GP Social Family breakdown Isolation Negative peer groups No trusted relationship Outsider identity Drug & alcohol dependency
- 16. Interaction between multiple & complex needs and services Chaotic lives, challenging behaviour, disengagement Multiple & complex needs Poor service response
- 17. The research literature also confirms what service users tell us: that when they have multiple needs people experience a poorer response from services • Complex Responses (2011) identified a number of negative elements in their experience of frontline services • Driven by Mismatch in expectations Poor quality of staff-client relationship Fragmented Service response Complexity Delay Service exclusion/denial Limited Resources Inadequate Staffed Services Strategic Prioritisation Inadequate Provision of Services
- 18. What works / what doesn’t? Community police Custody Court Probation Prison CJ Liaison & diversion Link worker or similar role Primary health care Psychiatric hospital IAPT Drug & Alcohol treatment Benefits, m oney & debt advice Section136 Integrated Offender Management (IOM) CMHT HousingA & E Chaos, crisis , crime Community Sentence Place of safety
- 19. Where do we find the solution? • Combining evidence from: – Desistance theory and research from criminology – Recovery agenda in mental health – Drug treatment and recovery – Psychology, person centred counselling and psychotherapy – Homelessness – e.g. resettlement – Evaluation of projects and programmes, e.g. • Linkworker schemes • Adults facing chronic exclusion pilots • Elmore project, Oxford etc
- 20. Desistance theory – Fergus McNeill Age and Maturation Subjectivities, Narratives, Ide ntities Interactions / Relationships Life Transitions, Social Bonds
- 21. So, what does works? • Building a relationship – ‘Someone on your side’ - A trusted relationship within a team – Assertive, persistent outreach and engagement, choice of worker? – Promoting hope, motivation and agency, building on assets and strengths, building self- efficacy – Clinical supervision for caseworkers – support around difficult emotional response / ‘projection’ – Consideration of case loads – intensity of work • Understanding the individual – Applies a holistic, psychosocial understanding of multiple and complex needs, including impact of complex trauma and centrality of relationships / family. – Package of support tailored to individual’s needs, capabilities, gender and culture – Flexible approach, responsive in crisis and relapse – Personal budget / spot purchase of additional support? – Co-produced with service user – ownership of outcomes and plan – Case management with key service providers – planning / troubleshooting
- 22. So, what does work? • Service design – Community based but linked to each stage of criminal justice system – Coordination of services, brokering access and creating integrated pathways especially treatment and housing – Requires capacity to work with local commissioners and service providers to negotiate new pathways into services. – Links with communities – goal is integration and connection in community • Service user involvement – Arnstein’s ladder of involvement – Peer involvement in delivery – peer mentors? – drawing on experience of recovery – Peer research and evaluation • Strategic – Supported by strategic stakeholders and commissioners – Gathers data to demonstrate impact, including cost benefits
- 23. The building blocks of change Emergency – Crisis and crime, sleeping rough, arrested, in A&E, leaving prison Outreach, engagement, immediate access to accommodation Stabilizing – supported accommodation, basic needs met, building trusting relationship, assessment care pathway planning, harm minimisation Change – motivation, treatment, identity, building self-efficacy, user involvement Consolidation– preparing for work, volunteering, training Initial difficulties Problems accumulating Imminent crisis Community Resilience through relationships
- 24. Self efficacy – Albert Bandura Self efficacy Mastery experience (Been there, done that) Vicarious experience (modelling) Somatic & emotional states (anxiety / depression etc)
- 25. Discussion • Does the concept of multiple needs that I have outlined correspond to your experience? • What knowledge and competencies would be needed in a team delivering this sort of service? • What are the similarities and differences between what you do now and what would be involved in this kind of service?
- 26. Into the future... • Justice reforms • Justice reinvestment • Troubled families programme • Greater integration – JSNAs, MOPAC etc • Big Lottery Fulfilling Lives programme • Tri-borough community budget