1. CHEMICAL SAFETY
Dilip Kumar
O&M CHEMISTRY, NTPC Ltd, INDIA.

3. A corrosive substance is one that will
destroy or irreversibly damage another
surface or substance with which it comes
into contact.
Common types of corrosive substances
Strong acids: sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric
acid
Bases: sodium hydroxide & potassium hydroxide

4. Chemicals enter air as emissions and
water as effluent. Industrial and motor
vehicle emissions of nitrogen and sulphur
oxides cause acid rain, which poisons fish
and other aquatic organisms in rivers and
lakes and affects the ability of soil to
support plants. Carbon dioxide causes the
greenhouse effect and climate change.
e.g., Hydrazene hydrate(N2H4), effluents
from DM plant and main plant, emissions
etc.

5. explosive, is a reactive substance that
contains a great amount of potential energy
that can produce an explosion if released
suddenly, usually accompanied by the
production of light, heat, sound, and pressure.
A chemical explosive may consist of either a
chemically pure compound, such as
nitroglycerin, or a mixture of a fuel and an
oxidizer, such as black powder or grain dust
and air.
(e.g., nitroglycerin, TNT, HMX, PETN, nitrocellulose)

6. Any chemical or mixture having
capability to harm the environment, living
being’s and to human health by any mode
of exposure (if inhaled, swallowed, or
absorbed through the skin) is termed as
Toxic chemical.
e.g., Hydrazine

7. oxidizing agent is a substance that is not
necessarily combustible, but may, generally by
yielding oxygen, cause or contribute to the
combustion of other material.
e.g., Hydrogen peroxide, potassium
dichromate.

8. harmful substances as chemical
substances, or biological agents, that are
evidenced to cause harmful health effects.
Harmful health effects include, but are not
limited to, respiratory infections, skin
rashes, burns and neurological damage.

9. Substance which catches fire easily and
burns rapidly.
Liquids classified as flammable have flash points
below 100 degrees Fahrenheit. At normal room
temperature, flammable liquids are a much greater fire
hazard than combustible liquids. Flammables include
lacquer thinner, turpentine, acetone, ether, alcohol,
gasoline, toluene and shellac. For example, ethyl ether
(a common solvent) has a flash point (FP) of –49 deg.
F and acetone has a FP of 0 deg. F.
Combustibles: These liquids have vapors which burn
when heated above 100 deg. F. Combustibles include
fuel oil, kerosene, mineral oil and paints.

10. CHLORINE
SULFURIC ACID
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
 CAUSTIC SODA
AMMONIA
HYDRAZENE
HYDROGEN

11.  Chlorine is a toxic gas that irritates the
respiratory system. Because it is heavier than
air, it tends to accumulate at the bottom of poorly
ventilated spaces. Chlorine gas is a strong
oxidizer, which may react with flammable
materials.
 Chlorine is detectable with measuring devices in
concentrations of as low as 0.2 parts per million
(ppm), and by smell at 3 ppm. Coughing and
vomiting may occur at 30 ppm and lung damage
at 60 ppm. About 1000 ppm can be fatal after a
few deep breaths of the gas.[

12.  Chlorine is used as a disinfectants in the
treatment of drinking water.
 This is a yellow-green gas that has a
distinctive strong odor, familiar to most from
common Household bleach

13. HEALTH EFFECT
Low concentrations: burning in
the eyes, nose, and throat,
redness in the face, sneezing,
and coughing.
High concentrations: tightness
in throat and chest - pulmonary
edema. 1000 Parts Per Million
(PPM) is rapidly fatal.

14. CHLORINE SAFETY
Chlorine need not be a serious hazard if the people
working with it are properly trained in its handling.
The following are some guidelines for assuring
the safe handling of chlorine.
1. Provide proper instruction and supervision to
workers responsible for chlorine equipment.

15. CHLORINE SAFETY
2. Provide proper and approved self-contained
breathing apparatus in areas where chlorine is
stored or used.
3. Keep all breathing apparatus stored outside the
chlorine area.

16. CHLORINE SAFETY
4. Prepare escape plans from areas where there
might be a chlorine emission. Remember to move
uphill and upwind.
5. Never store combustible or flammable materials
near chlorine containers.
6. Never apply heat directly to a chlorine
container.

17. CHLORINE SAFETY
7. Never attempt to weld an “empty” chlorine pipe
line without purging it with air first.

18. CHLORINE SAFETY
8. Install safety showers and
eye wash stations near
chlorine equipment.
9. If there is a leak, at least
two persons should make the
repairs.
SAFETY SHOWER

19. 10. Never spray water on leaking containers; it can
make the leak worse.
11. When entering an equipment area, take
shallow breaths until you are sure that there is not
a chlorine gas leak.
CHLORINE SAFETY

20. 12. Always keep ready Chlorine Leak Absorption
System
CHLORINE SAFETY

21. SAFETY SIRENS
SIREN TYPE DURATION
Normal factory siren 1 minute continuous
In case of fire 5 sec on 2 sec off- 3times
In case of heavy chlorine leak 20 sec on 10 sec off-5times
All clear siren Continuous 3 minutes- once

22. FIRST AID
INHALATION
(1) Remove victim from contaminated area.
(2) Keep victim warm in a reclined position with head and
shoulders elevated.
(3) Give artificial respiration, if necessary.
(4) Give oxygen as soon as possible.
(5) Call emergency personnel or a physician immediately.
SKIN CONTACT
(1) Shower victim, removing all contaminated clothing.
(2) Wash affected area with soap and water.
EYE CONTACT
(1) Irrigate eyes with water for 15 minutes, holding eye lids
wide apart.
(2) Call emergency personnel or a physician immediately.
(3) Irrigate for second 15-minute period if emergency

23. SULFURIC ACID
USE IN PLANT: Sulfuric acid in the
treatment of condenser cooling water,
lead storage batteries, and laboratory.
PROPERTIES: Sulfuric acid is a highly
corrosive strong mineral acid. It is a
colourless to slightly yellow viscous
liquid and is soluble in water at all
concentrations. The corrosiveness of it
is mainly due to its strong acidic nature,
strong dehydrating property and if
concentrated strong oxidizing property.

24. SULFURIC ACID
HEALTH HAZARDS:
it decomposes animals' muscles due to its
acid hydrolysis with proteins (chemically
known as amides) and fats (chemically
known as ester), the corrosive properties of
sulfuric acid are also accentuated by its
highly exothermic reaction with water. Burns
from sulfuric acid are potentially more
serious than those of other comparable
strong acids, as not only does it cause
chemical burn but also secondary thermal
burn which poses additional tissue damage
due to the heat liberated by the reaction with
water.

25. SULFURIC ACID FIRST AID/SAFETY
The standard first aid treatment for acid
spills on the skin is, as for other corrosive
agents, irrigation with large quantities of
water. Washing is continued for at least ten
to fifteen minutes to cool the tissue
surrounding the acid burn and to prevent
secondary damage. Contaminated clothing
is removed immediately and the underlying
skin washed thoroughly.

26. SULFURIC SAFETY
Use safety gloves, goggle and safety suit
to prevent skin contact.
Keep ready safety shower to remove acid
spillage.

27. HYDROCHLORIC ACID
USE IN PLANT: In the regeneration of
cation exchange resin.
PROPERTIES: Hydrochloric acid is a
solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in
water, that is a highly corrosive, strong
mineral acid with many industrial uses.
It is found naturally in gastric acid.

28. HYDROCHLORIC ACID SAFETY
Concentrated hydrochloric acid (fuming
hydrochloric acid) forms acidic mists. Both the
mist and the solution have a corrosive effect
on human tissue, with the potential to damage
respiratory organs, eyes, skin, and intestines.
Personal protective equipment such as rubber
or PVC gloves, protective eye goggles, and
chemical-resistant clothing and shoes are
used to minimize risks when handling
hydrochloric acid.

29. CAUSTIC SODA (NaOH)
USE IN PLANT: it is used in the
regeneration of anion exchange resins.
PROPERTIES:
Pure sodium hydroxide is a white solid
available in pellets, flakes, granules, and as a
50% saturated solution. It is hygroscopic and
readily absorbs carbon dioxide from the air,
and should be stored in an airtight container. It
is very soluble in water and is highly
exothermic when dissolved in water.

30. CAUSTIC SODA SAFETY
Solid sodium hydroxide or solutions of sodium
hydroxide may cause chemical burns,
permanent injury or scarring if it contacts
unprotected human, or other animal, tissue. It
may cause blindness if it contacts the eye.
Protective equipment such as rubber gloves,
safety clothing and eye protection should
always be used when handling the material or
its solutions.
Dissolution of sodium hydroxide is highly
exothermic, and the resulting heat may cause
heat burns or ignite flammables.

31. CAUSTIC SODA SAFETY

32. AMMONIA
USE IN PLANT: In the treatment of feed
water system to protect boiler and pre-
boiler equipments from corrosion.
PROPERTIES: Ammonia is a colourless
gas with a characteristic pungent smell.

33. AMMONIA SAFETY
The toxicity of ammonia solutions does
not usually cause problems for humans
and other mammals, as a specific
mechanism exists to prevent its build-up
in the bloodstream.
. Ammonia even at dilute concentrations
is highly toxic to aquatic animals, and
for this reason it is classified as
dangerous for the environment.
Use protective eye goggles during
handling of ammonia.

34. HYDRAZINE
USE IN PLANT: In the treatment of feed
water system to protect boiler and pre-
boiler equipments from oxygen attracts.
PROPERTIES: Hydrazine is a
colourless flammable liquid with an
ammonia-like odor. Hydrazine is highly
toxic and dangerously unstable unless
handled in solution.

35. HYDRAZINE SAFETY
Hydrazine is highly toxic and dangerously unstable,
especially in the anhydrous form.
Symptoms of acute (short-term) exposure to high levels of
hydrazine may include irritation of the eyes, nose, and
throat, dizziness, headache, nausea, pulmonary edema,
seizures, coma in humans. Acute exposure can also
damage the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. The
liquid is corrosive and may produce dermatitis from skin
contact in humans and animals. Effects to the lungs, liver,
spleen, and thyroid have been reported in animals
chronically exposed to hydrazine via inhalation.

36. HYDROGEN
USE IN PLANT: In the cooling of
generator rotor due to its specific heat
capacity being considerably higher than
any other gas.
PROPERTIES: hydrogen is a
colourless, odourless, non-metallic,
tasteless, non-toxic, highly combustible
diatomic gas with the molecular formula
H2.

37. HYDROGEN SAFETY
Hydrogen poses a number of
hazards to human safety, from
potential detonations and fires when
mixed with air to being an asphyxiant
in its pure, oxygen-free form.
Hydrogen gas leaking into external
air may spontaneously ignite.
Moreover, hydrogen fire, while being
extremely hot, is almost invisible, and
thus can lead to accidental burns.

38. No Safety Know Pain
Know Safety No Pain
THANK YOU