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Residual effect of pesticides
- 1. Residual effect of pesticides & safety measures Submitted by- DIKSHA SINHA BAC/M/PLPATH/001/2017-18
- 2. Global level of agrochemical consumption & use
- 3. Environmental & Health Hazards Environmental hazards Adverse effects on • Soil • Water • Air Health hazards • Risks on human health caused by occupational exposure or from residues in food & drinking water.
- 4. Negative impact on Soil health • Kills beneficial organisms • Damage the natural texture of soil • Alters the pH • Increases soil toxicity • Decreases soil quality • Residual effect
- 5. Effect on water • Water becomes unfit for drinking • The run-off of agrochemicals in water bodies can increase algal growth and cause eutrophication. • Polluted water leads to death of fish and other aquatic animals. • Excessive use of agrochemicals leads to groundwater contamination.
- 6. Effect on air • Pesticides can contribute to air pollution • Pesticide drift occurs when pesticide particles suspended in air are carried by wind to far off places. • Low relative humidity and high temperature favour more spray evaporation. • The polluted air is inhaled by humans and cause different diseases.
- 7. Adverse impact on Human health • Direct effect ingestion direct skin exposure • Indirect effect through contaminated air or water biomagnification in the food chain
- 8. Residual effect of fungicides • The prolonged presence & persistence of fungicides in agricultural soils and crop harvests can cause adverse effects to soil organisms and consumers. • Fungicide residues that get into surface & ground water poses threat to the biodiversity & functioning of aquatic ecosystems. • Pesticide residues generally remain in top 15cm layer of soil which is also the region of greatest soil microflora activity. This favours interaction of pesticide residues with the flora of soil ecosystem.
- 9. Persistence & accumulation of fungicides in soil • The fate & behaviour of fungicides in the environment is influenced by the properties of: a.) the chemical (ability to bind to soil, susceptibility to degradation), and b.) environmental factors (soil type, rainfall, topography, agricultural management practices). • The 2 most commonly used inorganic fungicides, Cu and S are structural elements & thus do not breakdown in the environment. • The persistence (or rate of breakdown) of organic fungicide compounds is related to their chemical structure ( like molecular weight, strength of chemical bonds,etc.)
- 10. Safety Measures • Operator protection * Wear protective clothing and protective gloves when handling the chemicals. * Don‘t eat, drink or smoke during application * Wash hands and exposed skin thoroughly after work and before meals. • Environmental protection * Don’t contaminate surface water or drains with chemicals or used containers. * Strictly follow the instructions on label for storage in original container & disposal.
- 11. References • Damalas, Christos A. and Eleftherohorinos, Ilias G. Pesticide Exposure, Safety Issues and Risk Assessment Indicators. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 1402-1419.