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Preparation and formulation of shampoos
1. Presentation Assignment Topic :-Formulation and preparation of shampoo
SUBJECT :-Industrial Pharmacy - I
MAHARISHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY
ROHTAK (HARYANA )
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE
2. Shampoo
Shampoo is a hair care product that is used for the
removal of oils, dirt, skin particles, dandruff,
environmental pollutants and other contaminants that
are gradually build up in hair.
In terms of Pharmacy :-
A shampoo is a preparation of a surfactant in a suitable form– liquid, solid or
powder – which when used under the specified conditions will
▪ remove surface grease,
▪ dirt, and
▪ skin debris from the hair shaft and scalp without adversely affecting the
user.
3. Shampoos are of the
following types:-
• Powder Shampoo
• Liquid Shampoo
• Lotion Shampoo
• Cream Shampoo
• Jelly Shampoo
• Aerosol Shampoo
• Specialized Shampoo
Conditioning Shampoo
Anti ‐ dandruff Shampoo
Baby Shampoo
Two layer shampoo
Formulation of Shampoo :-
1. Water
2. Surfactant :- Ammonium lauryl sulphate , Sodium Lauryl
sulphate or sodium laurate sulphate .
3. Foam boosters :- betaines or alkanolamines .
4. Thickeners :- Carboxy methyl cellulose ,NaCl
5. Conditioning agents :- Silicones such as methicone and
quaternary agents.
6. Preservatives :- DMDM hydantoin & Methylparaben
7. Anti dandruff agents :- Selenium sulphides , Inc pyrithone ,
salicylic acid
8. Ph buffers :- Citric acid
9. Aesthetic additives :-
colorants :- Glycerine disterate
Opacifiers :- EDGS
Fragrance :- Limonene , Ethyl isovalerate
4. Surfactants :-
Anionic surfactants are mostly used (good foaming properties). The hydrophilic
portion carries a negative charge which results in superior foaming, cleaning
and end result attributes.
Non‐ionic surfactants have good cleansing properties but do not have sufficient
foaming power.
Cationic surfactants are toxic and are hence not used. However, they may be
used in low concentration in hair conditioners.
Ampholytic, being expensive, are generally not used. However, they are mainly
used as secondary surfactants and good hair conditioners.
5. • Surfactants are the main component of shampoo.
Mainly anionic surfactants are used. A surfactant consists of two part ‐ one hydrophilic (water loving)
while the other is hydrophobic in nature.
(Shampoo is generally made by combining a surfactant, most often sodium
lauryl sulfate or sodium laureth sulfate, with a co-surfactant, most often
cocamidopropyl betaine in water. The sulphate ingredient acts as a surfactant,
essentially heavy-duty soap that makes it easier to trap oil and grease.)
7. Function of Shampoo :-
• Remove the dirt, oil and greasiness
• Protect the hair
• Cleaning of hair and scalp
• soothe the scalp
• Nourishes the scalp and hair
• Treating the dandruff , lice or the
other scalp problems.
Ideal Properties of
shampoo
9. Evaluation of the shampoo :-
5. Microbiological assay
6. Eye irritancy test
Product characteristics
• Fragrance
• Color
• Consistency
• Package
Performance characteristics :-
1. Foam and foam stability
2. Detergency and cleaning action
• Effect of water hardness
• Surface Tension and wetting
• Surfactant content and analysis
3. Rinsing
4. Conditioning action
• Softness
• Luster
• Lubricity
• Body, texture and set retention
• Irritation and toxicity
• Dandruff control
10. 1. Foam and foam stability:
2. Detergency and cleaning action:
11. 4. Rinsing
• Skilled beauticians are employed to make comparisons on the performance of several shampoos.
5. Conditioning Action:
3. Wetting Action:
13. Requirements of a Shampoo:
1. It should effectively and completely remove dust or soil, excessive sebum
or other fatty substances and loose corneal cells from the hair.
2. It should produce a good amount of foam to satisfy the psychological
requirements of the user.
3. It should be easily removed on rinsing with water.
4. It should leave the hair non ‐dry, soft, lustrous with good manageability
and minimum fly away.
5. It should impart a pleasant fragrances to the hair.
6. It should not cause any side ‐effects / irritation to skin or eye.
7. It should not make the hand rough and chapped.
