1. The Open University of Sri Lanka
Bachelor Management Studies,
Academic Year 2015/2016,
Social Psychology in Organizations
MUC1204.
Assignment No 305
Student Name : M Dharshan
Registration No : 515428795
ID No : 820753429v
Date Of submit : 14th of August, 2015.

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1. 1. Explain what is meant by the term “Organization
Psychology”
The origination psychology is a part of psychology. In this modern world
people work with organizations. Several categories Labors, Supervisors,
Executives, Managers, Directors, and Employers are in an industry as per
the organizational psychology need to analyze, by categories wise and have
to short out themes mental issues by motivational to achieve the
organizational Goals by limited recourses.
Organizational psychologies listed by British Psychological Society in 1986
as Follow
1. Selections and Assessments
2. Training
3. Performance Management
4. Work Place
5. Group Behaviors
6. Organizational developments
There are some more six variables but we going to describe the most
important above mention topics only.

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1.1 Selection and Assessments
Organization as to find some energetic employees give some good
productivities to industry, as per the Human Resourcedepartment need
to evaluate the personwho applied to company by interviews and tests
Personnel recruitment processes include developing job announcements,
placing ads, defining key qualifications for applicants, and screening out
unqualified applicants.
1.2 Trainings
Training can be beneficial for the organization and for employees in
terms of increasing their value to their organization as well as their
employability in the broader marketplace. Many organizations are using
training and development as a way to attract and retain their most
successfulemployees.
2.3 Performance Management
Performance management is the process ofproviding performance
feedback relative to expectations and improvement information (e.g.,
coaching, mentoring). Performance management may also include
documenting and tracking performance information for organization-
level evaluation purposes.

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2.4 Work Place or Ergonomic
Organization psychologists are also concerned with the related topics
of workplace; this 2010 study investigated the impact of the larger
organizational context on harrying as well as the group-level processes
that impact on the incidence, and maintenance of harrying behavior. The
impact of engaging in certain thought patterns after exposure to
workplace violence has also been examined. This 2011 research
examines the detrimental effect that interpersonal aggressive behaviors
may have on dimensions of team effectiveness particularly team
performance and team viability.
2.5 Group Behaviors
Group behavior is the interaction between individuals of a collective
and the processes suchas opinions, attitudes, growth, feedback loops, and
adaptations that occur and change as a result of this interaction. The
interactions serve to fulfill some need satisfaction of an individual who is
part of the collective and helps to provide a basis for his interaction with
specific members of the group.
A specific area of research in group behavior is the dynamics of
teams. Team effectiveness refers to the system of getting people in a
company or institution to work together effectively. The idea behind
team effectiveness is that a group of people working together can achieve
much more than if the individuals of the team were working on their
own.

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2.6 Organization Developments
Industrial-organizational psychologists have displayed a great deal of
consideration for the problems of total organizational change and
systematic ways to bring about planned change. This effort, called
organizational development (OD), involves techniques such as:
 sensitivity training
 role playing
 group discussion
 job enrichment
 survey feedback
 team building
Within the survey feedback technique, surveys after being answered
by employees periodically, are assessed fortheir emotions and attitudes
which are then communicated to various members within the
organization. The team building technique was created due to realization
that most tasks within the organization are completed by small groups
and/or teams

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1.2 Indicate individual variables of organizational
psychology and describe the characteristics of
individual variables.
We can categorize the individual variables by 3 parts
1. Ability and Skills
2. Backgrounds
3. Demographic characterizes
a. Ability and skills
A skill is the learned ability to carry out a task with pre-determined
results often within a given amount of time, energy, or both. In other
words, the abilities that one possesses. Skills can often be divided into
domain-general and domain-specific skills. For example, in the domain
of work, some general skills would include time management, teamwork
and leadership, self motivation and others, whereas domain-specific skills
would be useful only for a certain job. Skill usually requires certain
environmental stimuli and situations to assess the level of skill being
shown and used.
1.1.Inductive Reasoning
Inductive reasoning is a logical process in which multiple premises, all
believed true or found true most of the time, are combined to obtain a
specific conclusion.
Inductive reasoning is often used in applications that involve prediction,
forecasting, or behavior.

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1.2Number Faculty
Basic numeracy skills consistof comprehending fundamental
arithmetic’s like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. For
example, if one can understand simple mathematical equations such as, 2
+ 2 = 4, then one would be considered possessingat least basic numeric
knowledge.
1.3Verbal Comprehension
It aims at evaluating ability to think constructively, rather than at simple
fluency or vocabulary recognition.
1.4 Memory Span
Memory span is a common measure of short-term memory. It is also a
component of cognitive ability tests such as the WechslerAdult
Intelligence Scale. Backward memory span is a more challenging
variation which involves recalling items in reverse order.
1.5 SpatialOrientation
Reasoning spatial-temporal knowledge in mind, developing high-level
control of mind for navigating and understanding time and situation,
either by leveraging results on spatial-temporal knowledge in mind of
other research fields
1.6 Deductive Reasoning
Deductive reasoning links premises with conclusions. If all premises are
true, the terms are clear, and the rules of deductive logic are followed,
then the conclusion reached is necessarily true. Deductive reasoning (top-
down logic) contrasts with inductive reasoning (bottom-up logic)

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2. Background
Mainly we can consider about three important thinks on background
2.1.1 Family Back ground
2.1.2 Education
2.1.3 Income
The family background will play the main role on this part of human
personality
3. Demographic characteristics
Demography is the study of human population dynamics. It encompasses
the study of the size, structure and distribution of populations, and how
populations change over time due to births, deaths, migration and ageing.
Demographic analysis can relate to whole societies or to groups defined
by criteria such as education, nationality, religion and ethnicity.
The term demographics is often used erroneously for demography, but
refers rather to selected population characteristics as used in
marketing or opinion research, or the demographic profiles used in such
research

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2.1 Explain what is meant by the term “Communication”
Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place
to another.
Two-way process ofreaching mutual understanding, in which participants not only
exchange (encode-decode)information, news, ideas and feelings but also create
and share meaning. In general, communication is a means of connecting people or
places. In business, it is a key function of management--an organization cannot
operate without communication between levels, departments and employees. See
also communications.

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There are various categoriesofcommunication and more than one may occur
at any time.
The different categories of communication are:
 Spoken or Verbal Communication: face-to-face, telephone, radio or
television and other media.
 Non-Verbal Communication: bodylanguage, gestures, how we dress or act
- even our scent.
 Written Communication: letters, e-mails, books, magazines, the Internet or
via other media.
 Visualizations: graphs and charts, maps, logos and other visualizations can
communicate messages.
2.2 Describe why effective communication is important to a
Manager. Use practical examples where necessary to
elaborate your answer.
I knew the catcher and the pitcher needed to have effective communication
in order to have a chance at winning the game.
There are lots of reasons why effective communication is important, but they
can all be reduced to one ultimate reason: Effective communication is
important because it allows people to lead more satisfying lives at work and
elsewhere.

11. Effective communication helps Managers to avoid misunderstandings at
works.
If you can avoid misunderstandings, you will be able to know what others
(your boss, your clients, or other people) are truly asking you or telling you.
If you can understand what others are saying, you will not come to the
wrong conclusions or take the wrong actions about what you hear. You will
make fewer unnecessary mistakes.
Effective communication helps you express what you want to express.
When you express your needs, desires, and opinions, your chances of getting
what you want grow exponentially
WoodyAllen would say: "80% of success is showing up". Paraphrasing that:
“80% of getting is asking”.
Effective communication allows for deeper connectionwith others.
Mutual understanding leads to better connection with people.
Better connection with people fulfills our human need for belonging and
love.
Fulfilling one of our most important needs (belonging) leads to a more
satisfying life.