1. LESSER
SARDINES
,
ANJU.P
S.I.F CUSAT

2. LESSER SARDINE COMES
UNDER 2 FAMILIES
1. Family: clupeidae
2.Family: dussumieridae

3. MORPHOLOGY
.

4.  body is elongate and laterally
compressed having a row of scutes
along the ventral edge. Lateral lines is
.
absent and the scales are deciduous.
 elongate body which is rounded
and not laterally compressed.
Abdomen is not keeled and ventral
edge of the body is with out scutes.

5. Family : clupiedae [9 sps.]
Sardinella jussieu chalamathi , tembang
.
Sardinella fimbriata fringe scale sartdine
Sardinella albella kowala albella
Sardinella sirm trenched sardine,
kareemeen
chala
Sardinella clupeoids amblygaster
Sardinella melanura clupia melanura
Sardinella sindensis clupia sindensis
Kowala coval white sardine

6. Family: dussumieridae [2 sps.]
Dussumieria acuta . common spart
Dussumieria hasseltii rainbow sardine

7. distribution
.

8. .
.Family :
Family : clupeidae
dusumeiridae
 They are seen in the  coastal along Arabia,
inshore waters along both India, Sri Lanka , Malayan
EW coast regions, further archipelago and
north of cape Comorian, Philippines ..etc.
along the entire east coast
of India, east coast of
Africa, Madagascar, Arabia,
Malayan archipelago.
Australia, Polynesia,
Philippines, china, Sri Lanka,
red sea, Pakistan.. etc

9. FOOD AND FEEDING
‘

10. Lesser sardines. are essentially
plankton feeders , with preference
for zooplanktonic organisms. But
some include ,amounts of
phytoplankton also as diatoms and
filamentous algae in their diet.

11. SIZE AT FIRST
MATURITY
.

12. .
.
FAMILY clupeidae Dussumierida
e
size at first 12-15 Cm 13-15cm
maturity
max. length 25cm 18cm

13. SHOALING
.

14. .
Lesser sardines are shoaling fishes, larger
shoals striking the costal waters seasonally
result in quite good catch. This shoaling
behavior is advantageous in
escape from predators, provide more
opportunity for food , and also decrease
the energy.

15. REPRODUCTION
.

16. .
In lesser sardines the sexual maturity is
attained in most of the species is in 1
year. Eggs are pelagic with segmented
yolk and with a single clear oil globule.
Usually females are bigger than males.

17. SPAWNING
SEASON
.

18. .
In lesser sardine , spawning of an individual
fish is a shorter duration comparing to the
species as a whole. On east coast spawning
happens between feb. and lasts till June
and peak at Feb. - April. In gulf of manna
region Dec -march. In Tuticorin bay it is
Oct-Nov. Malabar coast it is April- June.
West coast march April to June in pre
monsoon period. According to the region ,
availability of food, and species the time
varies

19. FECUNDITY
.

20. .
It has been observed to be 10000 to
13000 eggs a female can produce [ fish
of 14.6 to 15.5 cm in length].
The gonads are asymmetrical lobes in
clupeidae the left lobe larger than right
one. In dussumieridae the right one is
larger than left one.

21. SEX RATIO
.

22. .
Females are observed to be twice the
number of males in the commercial
catch, so it is presumed that the
mature females migrate to the off
shore waters for breeding

23. Life history
.

24. Egg is 1.1-1.56 mm in diameter with an oil
.
globule. Spawning at about 4.00am and it hatch
2 pm. Just hatched larvae is about 2.3-2.6 mm
in length .
The eyes, otocyst , heart and the full
compliment of myotomes are formed in the
embryo . Pigmentation is also developed in the
numerous small dark chromatophores.
Species differ in having different number of pre
anal and post anal myotomes . In 2 or 3 days
whole yolk is absorbed.

25. .
Auditory vesicle and vent are well developed
and unpaired fin folds had scattered pigment
spots.
Juveniles are distinguished by the number of
post ventral scutés about 1 year the attain
maturity.

26. CRAFT AND GEAR
.

27. .
.
STATE KERALA TAMIL NADU KARNATAK WEST BANGAL
A A.P
GEAR gill net – gill net – choodai Gill net Drift nets
vala Shore seine Chhandi- jal Gill net –
chalai Shore seine Drift net Shore seine – ber jal kili vala
vala Boat seine – Cast net Shore
shore Madi valai seine-
Cast valai – pedda
seine – veechu valai vala
kara val Boat seine
boat – iragru
vala
seine –
kolli vala
cast net-
veesu
vala

28. .
In Gujarat bag net is used .
Boat seines and gill nets are
commonly used gill nets are of 2
types they are
1. Chooda valai
2. Mathi chala valai
When at the peak season catch
is large boat seine - paithu
vala is used

29. BOATS
masula boat
Pablo boat
catamaran
Dug out canoes
ran pani boat
mechanised boat [ A.P, T.N,KERALA, KARNATAKA]

30. FISHERIES
.

31. Contribution of lesser sardine in all india marine
landing – 2.9-7.3%
Average annual yield during the landing ~= 7800t
If we analyse a data from 1986-2000 we can see
landing Is low with 68267t in 1986
.
Production high at 1995 – 128000 t
East coast -65%
West coast- 35%
Tamil nadu ranked first -43%
Followed by kerala – 22%
Andhra Pradesh – 17%

32. Karnataka – 6%
Along the coastal states of west bangal , orissa
and AP.. On the east coast the peak season is
nov-aprl- may.
.
While in the south east coast of TN, pondicherry
.. Catches are available almost throghout the
year
west coast in kerala the catches – aug – jan/ feb
In karnataka better landing seen in- sep -nov

33. peak catch – sep- feb along the goa coast.
Maharashtra coast – dec- april
More than one species contribute to the lesser
sardine fishery through out the year
Goa ,karnataka coast – s. gibbosa
. s . dayi
s . fimbriata
s. albella
Kerala coast – s. gibbosa
s. Sindensis
s. sirm

34. Pak bay and gulf of manna – s.albella
s. gibbosa
Between vizhinjam and tuticorin – s.sirm
Central coast . All most all species are equally caught.
.

35. OTHER factors
.

36. The Dorab, seer fishes, lactarius and some
.
of the sciaenid's are predate them .
Copepod parasite of the genera
NOTHOBOMOLOCHUS , CLAVELLISA AND
PSUEUDOPETALUS are known to be
parasitic on Dussumeiri hasseltii in the gill
arches, branchial cavity and buccal cavity.

37. Thank you
.