1. Law of the sea

2. Law of the sea
humen kind has exploited the sea for centuries
and this has frequently led to conflict. With the
adoption of the United nations Convention in
1982 the international communtiy crated a
comprehensive frame work for legal
governence of the sea as which ,over time ,has
involved into the power full body of law.

3. Use of law of the sea

Spatial distribution of jurisdiction of States

The contemporary international law of the sea
divides the ocean into multiple jurisdictional
zones

Internal waters

Territorial seas

The contiguous zone

The exclusive economic zone(EEZ)

Archipelagic waters

The continental shelf

4. WHY

Prevent alleged dangers on the high seas.

Environmental

Fishing

Navigation

Reduction of conflicts

Proper use of resources

Finding of legal zones

Proper management

5. The Law of the Sea Treaty

The Law of the Sea Treaty has always been a
complicated document
covering seabed mining, navigation, fishing,
ocean pollution, marine research, and individual
countries’ exclusive economic zones (EEZs).

6. 
The LOST established an International

Seabed Authority (ISA), ruled by an Assembly
and a Council, to govern deep seabed mining
and redistribute income from the industrialized
West to developing countries.

7. uncols

Geneva Conventions

the primary instrument of governance for the
seas

United Nations Convention on the Law of the
Sea

was adopted in 1982

9. Legal zones

10. Territorial Sea

Sovereignty, subject to the Law of the Sea
Convention (Art. 2)
The sovereignty of a coastal State extends,
beyond its land territory and internal waters
and, in the case of an archipelagic State, its
archipelagic waters, to an adjacent belt of sea,
described as the territorial sea.
This sovereignty extends to the air space over

13. 
Breadth (Art. 3)
– Up to 12 nautical miles from baseline...
• Measurement

baseline (Art. 5): – Except where otherwise
provided in this Convention, the normal
baseline for measuring the breadth of the
territorial sea is the low-water line along the
coast as marked on large-scale charts officially
recognized by the coastal State.

14. 
Rights of Ships – innocent passage (Arts 17-
18) Art. 17: Subject to this Convention, ships of
all States...enjoy the right of innocent passage
through the territorial sea.
Art. 18: 1. Passage means navigation through the
territorial sea for the

purpose of:
(a) traversing that sea without entering internal
waters or calling at a
roadstead or port facility outside internal waters;
or

15. 
Meaning of Innocent Passage (Art. 19):
1. Passage is innocent so long as it is not prejudicial
to the peace,
good order or security of the coastal State. Such
passage shall take
place in conformity with this Convention and with
other rules of
international law.
2. Passage of a foreign ship shall be considered to
be prejudicial to
the peace, good order or security of the coastal
State if in the

16. Exclusive Economic Zone

Specific Legal Regime Created by UNCLOS

Art. 55 - The exclusive economic zone is an area
beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, subject
to the specific legal regime established in this Part,
under which the rights and jurisdiction of the
coastal State and the rights and freedoms of other
States are governed by the relevant provisions of
this Convention.

18. 
Breadth

Art. 57 - The exclusive economic zone shall not
extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the
baselines from which the breadth of the
territorial sea is measured.

19. 
Art. 58 - Rights and duties of other States in the
EEZ
1. In the exclusive economic zone, all States,
whether coastal or land-
locked, enjoy, subject to the relevant provisions of
this Convention, the
freedoms referred to in article 87 of navigation and
overflight and of the
laying of submarine cables and pipelines, and other
internationally lawful
uses of the sea related to these freedoms, such as
those associated with
the operation of ships, aircraft and submarine cables
and pipelines, and