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1. M.K.BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
Name :- Gohil Devangiba A.
M.A. Semester – 1
Roll No. :- 16
Paper No:-3 (Literary Theory & Criticism)
Topic :- Literary Terms Chorus, Deus Ex
Machina, Tragic Hero
Submitted to. :- Department Of English

2. Chorus The Chorus inhabited the
orchestra.
 The actors spoke from the
logeion.
 Only three actors were on stage
at a time.
The scene often functioned as a
backdrop. It would also house
the machinery for a Deus ex
Machina.

3.  Actors (only male) wore personae (masks), and
eventually cothurni (thick-soled shoes)to make
them look larger.

4. Function of
The Chorus An agent : gives advice, asks, takes part.
 establishes ethical framework, sets up standard
by which function will be judged.
 ideal spectator-reacts as playwright hopes
audience would.
 sets mood and heightens dramatic effects.
 adds movements, spectacle, song and dance.
 rhythmical function- pauses/ paces the action
that the audience can reflect.

5. The chorus was considered to be the
mouthpiece of society and morality.
They were suffering along with the Heroes.
for the tragedy, the chorus was very
solemn.
In comedies, the chorus was funny.

6. Tragic Hero
 must be morally good.
(doesn’t mean won’t mess
-up)
 Believable, true to life
character.
 Consistent in their
actions.
 must have a tragic Flaw.
 must discover they have
done wrong and try to
atone.

7. The tragic Hero Figure According to Aristotle.
A person of
“high
estate”
Fallible
(has a tragic
Flaw)
Hamartia :-
error,
transgressi
on, flaw or
weakness
in character
Hubris :-
excessive
pride and
overconfide
nce

8. Deus Ex
Machina

9.  Translates to “deity from out of a machine.”
 from Greek and Roman dramas it
characters found themselves in an
impossible situation, a god would be
cowered from a crane to resolve the
problem.
 God who resolves a plot; in ancient Greek
and roman theater, a god introduced to
resolve a complicated plot.
 only a deus ex machina could resolve the novel’s
thorny crisis.
 Part of speech – NOUN
 Word origin – NEW LATIN