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1. Name:- Ananya Priyadarshini
Regd . No:-220705180031
Branch :- M. Sc. Zoology
Subject:- Genetics and epi genetics(CUTM1454)
School:- School of Applied Sciences
TOPIC- SUPERFETATION,POLYEMBRYONY,
FREE MARTIN,MULTIPLE BIRTH

2. Content:-
• SUPERFETATION
• POLYEMBRYONY
• FREE MARTIN
• MULTIPLE BIRTH
• REFERENCES
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3. SUPERFETATION:-
Superfetation is when a second new pregnancy occurs during an initial pregnancy .
After one weeks or few days of implantation of one fertilized ovum another ovum
or egg is fertilized by a sperm and implant.
These babies born from superfetation born may be in same day or same time.
It consider as twins but they are not twins , they are 2 separate pregnancies.
Superfetation is common in domestic cat.
Fig-1
Source-@ Fletcher,2009

4. POLYEMBRYONY:-
A condition in which 2 or more embryo are develop from a single
fertilized egg.
In the case of human, It result in forming 2 identical twins .
In animals nine –banded armadillo is best example of polyembryony.
It usually gives birth to four identical young one.
Fig-2 Source-@ Michael .2009

5. FREE MARTIN:-
• Free martin is an example of hormonal control .
• A free martin is an infertile female twins calf with non functional ovaries and
masculinized behaviour, which is the twins of a male calf.
• The male hormones testosterone and mullerin affected the development of female
twins .
• The infertile female is known as chimeric and the chariotypes is XXXY.
Fig-3 source-@ Bellefonds, 2019

6. Multiple birth is the process when two or more babies are born
at one time .
If it is birth two babies they are called twins or when it is became
three then it is called triplet.
It also carries more than three offsprings at one time is called
high order multiple birth.
MULTIPLE BIRTH:-
Fig-4 source-@Bellefonds , 2019 Fig-5 source -@Kulkarni,2013

7. SUMMARY:-
There are mainly two ways for multiple birth
A . One fertilized ovum split before it implant in the uterine line
• .It has same sex babies .
B. Two or more separate eggs are fertilized by different sperm at the
same time.
• It has different sexes.

8. REFERENCES:-
1. Fletcher. Dan (28 September 2009). "How Can a Pregnant
Woman Get Pregnant Again?' Time Magazine. Retrieved 29 March
2018.
2. Strand. Michael (2009). Encyclopaedia of Insects (2nd ed.).
Oxford. UK: Elsevier.
3. Bellefonds Colleen. "Do Twins Really Run inFamilies?" What to
Expect. Retrieved 10 February 2019.

9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• Special thanks to My Subject teacher, Dr. Gagan
Kumar Panigrahi School of Applied Sciences ,
CUTM, Bhubaneswar.
• All the faculty members of Department of Zoology,
School of Applied Science, CUTM, Bhubaneswar.
• Family and Friends.