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Public Health Data Sources
1. Public Health
Survey
Team A HCS/535
Debbie Fernando June 24, 2013
Maureen Alfonso Dr. Michelle Clemons
Tammey Cummings
Visal Srey
2. Introduction
O Background Information on Johnson City
O Data the community uses to assess
targeted health determinants
O Data collection standards
O Data sources used to determine focus of
health care
O Accurate data sources that support the
health issue
3. Geographic Information
OOngoing health activities
O Developed initiatives combating specific
ages and health problems
O Targeting children
O Targeting adolescents
O Engaging adults with better health habits
O LIFEPATH
4. Sources of Data Used
o Visits to emergency departments
o Local health departments
o Hospital admissions
o Heart Society of America
o Various Community agencies
5. Data Collection
OCenters for Disease Control
and Prevention
OAgency for Research and
Quality
OEpidemiologic Surveillance
Systems
OEvidenced Based Research
7. Specified Population
OWho is at a Greater Risk for Heart
Disease?
O Male Gender
O Elderly
O Family History
O Certain Races
O African American
O American Indians
O Mexican Americans
(continued)
8. Specified Population
(Continued)
O Poor Health Behaviors
O Those who are obese
O Lack of physical activity
O Defined time period
(how long these behaviors continued)
9. How Data is Utilized
O Data can be sorted by
O Geographical areas
O Age
O Gender
O Race
O Diagnosis
O Data can be obtained from
O Hospitals
O Local Health Departments
O Vital Statistics
O Disease Registries
10. Data Sources
O Local
O Individual state and county databases for
verification and supplementation for USA data
O The Health and Wellness Development Group
for the Johnson City/Washington County
Economic Development Council
O Healthy Eating, Active Living (HEAL)
Appalachia
O The coordinated School Health Programs in
Carter, Unicoi, and Washington counties
O Team Up for Healthy Living
11. Data Sources (continued)
O Tennessee State Fact Sheet
O Tennessee Department of Health
O HIT (Health Information of Tennessee)
O State Weekly Surveillance Report
13. Conclusion
O Heart Disease is number one killer in
Tennessee and nation
O Local agencies work together
O Gather and share data and analysis
O Provide education and encouragement to
population
O Need to increase
O Public work force training
O Education to youth and adults
14. References
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for
Exposure Tracking: Experiences from Washington
State. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112(14), 1428 -1433.
CDC-Heart disease. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov
Hayslett, M. (2007, Spring). Got data? The census bureau's state data
center network reaches out to local communities. Reference & User
Services Quarterly, 46(3), 20-22.
http://www.economicsummit.org/wp- content/uploads/2011/09/RoadMaps-to- Health-Prize-
Essay.pdf
National strategy for quality improvement in health care. (2011).
Retrieved from www.healthcare.gov
Roadmaps to health prize essay. (2011). Retrieved from http://
www.economicsummit.org
This presentation covers a real life health problem in Johnson City, TN as well as the entire nation. The presentation will provide a very brief geographical description of the community as well as activities the community is providing to attempt to decrease the prevalence of heart disease. The main topics covered will be 1) the data the community uses to assess determinants of health in support of these activities 2) describe the data collection standards used to determine population health concerns in this community, such as disease definition and specified populations, 3) describe how the data sources could be used to determine the focus of health care in the community, and 4) identify accurate data sources that support the community focus on heart disease.
Johnson City is located in northeast Tennessee. The area covered by public health ranges from the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River The Johnson City community has developed a way to tackle heart disease within their community by dividing the issue into several different parts. The first task in combating heart disease would be dividing up the population to make the task simpler in terms of developing realistic solutions to reducing the rate of heart disease (http://www.economicsummit.org/wp). The solution has been divided up into targeting children, adolescents, and adults separately because information is received differently as well as getting each age group’s attention. The health community within city plan to target children and adolescents by reaching out to them within the schools they attend and showing them healthy behaviors and personal wellness behaviors. Another way to reach out to this age group would be to develop outreach programs in which both children and adolescents can relate to as well have fun with. (http://www.economicsummit.org/wp). When targeting adults, the community has developed different outreach and educational programs in which adults can attend which promotes healthier lifestyle habits.
LIFEPATH is to provide a home for the collaborative partnerships between Tennessee’s academic public health training providers and Tennessee’s public health workforce, and provide training for that workforce. The counties that LIFEPATH serves are medically underserved and LIFEPATH helps to bridge the gap by training through East Tennessee State University.
There are many sources of data to obtain information regarding heart information for individuals in Johnson City. The available resources include visits to emergency departments, local health departments, hospital admissions, the Heart Society of America, and community agencies such as the Department of Health and Human Services.
Much of the data obtained from the sources of data can be obtained from disease registries and vital statistics. The registries and vital statistics will have information about the number of deaths from heart disease particularly women. One can also find out how many women have died from heart disease in a particular region and year.
Data collection is used to determine the focus of health care in a community or population. Area data can be collected from many state, federal, local, and community agencies. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) runs a Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), which is a telephone health survey system, that tracks health conditions and risk behaviors in the United States. BRFSS provides state specific information about health care access, and other health care issues (Laflamme & VanDerslice, 2004). Epidemiologic surveillance systems are specific information systems pertaining to specific disease or other health related event. They can identify specific groups at risk and can assess the impact of a program for control of diseases. Epidemiologic surveillance systems used for monitoring access to health care from the CDC monitor the prevalence of preventive disease (Hayslett, 2007). Evidence-based results of the latest research and scientific advances in clinical medicine, public health, and health care delivery is guided by The Agency for Research and Quality (AHRQ). This was established by stakeholders in the health care industry, including Federal and State agencies, local communities, provider organizations, clinicians, patients, businesses, employers, and payers. The implementation of this evidence based data collection will lead to a measurable improvement in outcomes of care, and in the overall health of the American people (“National strategy for quality improvement in health care”, 2011).
The most common type in the United States is coronary artery disease, which can cause a heart attack, angina, or heart failure. Coronary artery disease occurs when plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart . Plaque is made up of cholesterol deposits, these accumulate overtime, causing narrowing of the arteries. This process is called atherosclerosis. (”CDC-Heart Disease", 2013). Sometimes the first sign of coronary artery disease is a heart attack. A heart attack occurs when plaque blocks an artery carrying blood to the heart. Medicines can treat CAD risk factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, an irregular heartbeat, and low blood flow. Social, economic, and environmental factors directly relate to the ability to access health care. The increased cost of health care is a primary factor. Lack of medical services in some communities, as is the case in Johnson City’s area, and a national shortage of primary care providers are also factors that contribute to decreased access of health care. These barriers, along with age, gender, race, and ethnicity and origin of birth can affect access to health care services. ("Healthy People 2020/ Improving the health of Americans", 2013).
In Johnson City Tennessee, the main health challenge is adult obesity which totals approximately 35% of the population. While obesity stems from health behaviors, such as diet and exercise socioeconomic factors contribute to the populations health problem with poverty rates at 19.7%. Risk factor for heart disease include race predominately of African American, American Indians, Mexican Americans, Johnson City has a homogenous White population of over 90%. ("Roadmaps To Health Prize Essay", 2011). Obesity and physical activity are underlying causes of cardiovascular disease and diabetes causing adverse health outcomes and morbidity that plague Johnson City, Tennessee. Health promotion and health lifestyles campaign in Washington county has been making efforts for five years ("Roadmaps To Health Prize Essay", 2011).
The Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention detailed five components to implementing data sources for heart disease. First, is to take action which is taking current knowledge into public action. Then strengthening capacity by transforming public health agencies with new competencies and sustain such action. Next, evaluate impact by systematically monitoring and evaluating the health impact of interventions to identify and rapidly disseminate those most effective. Then advancing policy which includes defining the most critical policy issues and pursuing the needed prevention research to resolve them and expedite policy development. Finally, engaging in regional and global partnerships by multiplying resources and capitalizing on shared experience with others throughout the global community who are addressing similar challenges.
The Health and Wellness Development Group fosters collaboration between Johnson City, Jonesborough, and Washington County. The group aims to promote the relationship between health improvement , educational achievement, and economic development. It uses present and potential resources to improve the quality of life for everyone in the region.
ETSU’s dean of the College of Public Health has targeted experts is the region to work towards a healthier region.
The HWDG serves as a hub for the influential people in the different areas of business, government, healthcare and education to better the health of the populations in the area.
The mail idea of HEAL Appalachia is to provide leadership in the communities where citizens school, work, heal, and worship. Therefore, it can reach almost all citizens of all ages. HEAL’s main goals are to 1)reach as many people as possible,
2)attempt to obtain community grants to provide financial support for community efforts, and 3)have an annual regional symposium showing local success to national experts on it’s efforts to decrease obesity and heart disease.
The Coordinated School Health programs continue the plans of HWDG and HEAL focusing on the school age population. Although it is state based, each individual local education system can cater the program to meet it’s needs.
Team Up For Healthy Living was started by ETSU’s school of Public Health. The college students are working on a project where they set examples for high school students by having them try one new fruit or vegetable per week, be physical, and live a healthy life style. They are hoping that peer pressure will have a positive role in this program.
According to the AHA, in 2010, Tennessee had the 7th highest death rate from cardiovascular disease in the country.
The Tennessee Department of Health’s website contain massive amounts of information including inter-active programs that anyone can utilize. It gives statistics on all aspects of heart disease from warning signs, whom is at risk, death rates, programs, etc..
HIT provides a variety of previously calculated health and population statistics and prepared tables and reports, but incorporates an innovative data access tool for customizing on-line queries of case-level death, birth, survey, and facilities data. It produces data listings, pie or bar charts, or plots (maps to be added in the near future) at county, regional and statewide levels.
The State Weekly Surveillance Report provides weekly information on data that was able to be retrieved during that week.
Local and national agencies share information on the data they have collected. Some of the national agencies that help serve our communities are WHO (World Health Organization), CDC (Center for Disease and Control), NIH (National Institute of Health), CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), and the World Bank.
Heart disease is the number one killer of males and females in Tennessee and in the nation. Local agencies gather and share data with national agencies and vise versa. This benefits both levels, nationally and locally. The need is present for the children of Tennessee to get fit, stay active, eat healthy and realize that they need to work now to prevent heart disease in the future. Although it is the number one killer now, it does not have to be a killer in their generation. Technology gadgets need to be put aside and the youth need to get outside and play real football, tag, and race. Those adults who are fortunate enough to be able to play with their children need to do the same. With the data gathered and analyzed, Tennesseans should not have to be prodded to be heart healthy. The data speaks for itself.