1. DRAWING INSTRUMENTS, MATERIALS, AND EQUIPMENT

3. Triangles

4. 30 x 60 degrees

5. 45 degrees

6. Scale or RuleDrawing PencilsTechnical PensDividers

8. The Triangles Used as a guide in drawing vertical or inclined lines. 2 Types 450 Triangle 300-600 Triangle Made of celluloid

9. The Triangles As a guide, the 90 degrees is positioned against the blade of the T-square. Can be combined to produce 15, 75 and 105 degrees angles. To test the accuracy of the triangles, the 2 celluloid triangles should be positioned against each other on a piece of glass or mirror and check if they intersect on the same point.

10. Scale or Rule A scale or rule is needed for measuring sizes and distances and for transferring measurements from it to the drawing paper. A scale or rule can also be used to divide a line into any number or equal parts with the help of the T-square and a triangle.

11. Drawing Pencils Used for drawing straight and curved pencil lines, either freehand or mechanically. Have various grades of hardness and softness. Pencil Grades H - hard (H-9H) B - soft (B-6B) F - fine HB - medium

13. Parts of a Technical Pen

17. Yoke

18. Legs

19. Needle point

20. Pencil point (pencil compass)

22. French Curve A French curve is a drafting tool used as guide in mechanically drawing irregular curved lines, either in pencil or ink. French curves are of varied sizes and shapes. At least three sizes and shapes will do for ordinary work. Celluloid ones are preferred by many draftsmen. Like the triangles, they should be well taken care of because they are easily scratched or broken.

23. Erasing Shield An erasing shield is necessary when erasing inked or penciled lines, views, and so forth, located in areas where there are other lines. It is generally of a thin sheet of stainless steel or alloyed aluminum.

24. Pencil Sharpener Use to sharpen drawing pencil of varying grades. Pocket knife or razor blades can be a substitute.

25. REMINDERS ON THE USE OF DRAWING INSTRUMENTS Don’t use the scale as a ruler Don’t use the head of the T-square as a hammer. Don’t put oil on joints of compasses. Don’t sharpen a pencil over the drawing board. Cork the ink bottle all the time. Never put away instruments without relieving the spring tension.

26. REMINDERS ON THE USE OF DRAWING INSTRUMENTS Never fill up a pen over the drawing board. Always clean the instruments and the drawing table before beginning your work. Don’t fold drawing or tracing paper. Don’t use the divider as pincers or picks. Never use the same thumbtacks holes.

27. REMINDERS ON THE USE OF DRAWING INSTRUMENTS Don’t use the edge of the T-square as a guide in cutting the edge of paper. Rub the eraser only on the surface to be erased. Never job the dividers on the drawing board. Always use the upper edge of the T-square as guide in drawing lines. Always clean your instruments after using them.

28. Order of Penciling Lay of sheet to standard size. Decide what to scale. Draw center line for each view and on others “block in” view by laying off principal dimensions and outlines. Draw the view. Finish the project.

29. Order of Penciling Draw necessary dimension lines, and put dimension values. Draw guidelines for the notes and then letter them. Lay-out the title. Check the drawing carefully.

30. Order of Inking Ink a full-line circles, beginning with the smallest, and then circle arcs. Ink dotted circles in same order as #1. Ink any irregular curved lines. Ink straight full-lines in this order horizontal, vertical and inclined. Ink straight dotted lines in the same order of #4.

31. Order of Inking Ink center lines. Ink extension and dimension lines. Ink arrow heads and dimension lines. Section-line all areas representing out surfaces. Letter notes and title (draw pencil guidelines).

32. Prepared By: Arch. Marites G. Balmas - UAP THANK YOU!!! THANK YOU!!! THANK YOU!!! THANK YOU!!!